The rationale for the daily use of an antimicrobial mouthrinse

Journal of the American Dental Association

Volumn 137, Issue 11 SUPPL., 2006, Pages S16-S21

  Barnett, Michael L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial mouthrinse; Gingivitis; Oral bacterial reservoirs; Periodontitis; Plaque control

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845334838     PISSN: 00028177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0408     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Mandel ID. Chemotherapeutic agents for controlling plaque and gingivitis, J Clin Periodontol 1988;15(8):488-98.
2. Ring ME. Dentistry: An illustrated history. New York: Harry N. Abrams; 1992.
3. Fischman SL. A history of oral hygiene products: how far have we come in 6000 years? Periodontology 2000 1997;15:7-14.
4. Löe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965;36:177-87.
5. O'Leary TJ. Oral hygiene agents and procedures. J Periodontol 1970;41(11):625-9.
6. American Dental Association Council on Dental Therapeutics. Guidelines for acceptance of chemotherapeutic products for the control of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. JADA 1986;112(4): 529-32.
7. Imrey PB, Chilton NW, Pihlstrom BL, et al. Recommended revisions to American Dental Association guidelines for acceptance of chemotherapeutic products for gingivitis control. Report of the Task Force on Design and Analysis in Dental and Oral Research to the Council on Therapeutics of the American Dental Association. J Periodont Res 1999;29(4):299-304.
8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Oral health care drug products for over-the-counter human use; antigingivitis/antiplaque drug products; establishment of a monograph; proposed rules. Fed Regist May 29, 2003;68:32232-87.
9. Wu CD, Savitt ED. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter oral hygiene products for the reduction and control of plaque and gingivitis. Periodontol 2000 2002;28:91-105.
10. Ash MM, Gitlin BN, Smith WA. Correlation between plaque and gingivitis. J Periodontol 1964;35:424-9.
11. Breuer MM, Cosgrove RS. The relationship between gingivitis and plaque levels. J Periodontol 1989;60(4):172-5.
12. Stamm JW. Epidemiology of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13(5):360-70.
13. Thomas JG, Nakaishi LA. Managing the complexity of a dynamic biofilm. JADA 2006;137(11 supplement):10S-15S.
14. Page RC. Gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13(5):345-59.
15. Schatzle M, Löe H, Burgin W, Anerud A, Boysen H, Lang NP. Clinical course of chronic periodontitis: Part I: role of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(10):887-901.
16. Albandar JM, Kingman A, Brown LJ, Löe H. Gingival inflammation and subgingival calculus as determinants of disease progression in early-onset periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25(3):231-7.
17. Brandtzaeg P, Jamison HC. The effect of controlled cleansing of the teeth on periodontal health and oral hygiene in Norwegian army recruits. J Periodontol 1964;35:308-12.
18. Suomi JD, Greene JC, Vermillion JR, Doyle J, Chang JJ, Leatherwood EC. The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periodontal disease in adults: results after third and final year. J Periodontol 1971;42(3):152-60.
19. Lightner LM, O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Crump PP, Allen MF. Preventive periodontic treatment procedures: results over 46 months. J Periodontol 1971;42(9):555-61.
20. Axelsson P, Nystrom B, Lindhe J. The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults: results after 30 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol 2004;31(9):749-57.
21. Morris AJ, Steele J, White DA. The oral cleanliness and periodontal health of UK adults in 1998. Br Dent J 2001;191(4);186-92.
22. Williams K, Ferrante A, Dockter K, Haun J, Biesbrock AR, Bartizek RD. One- and 3-minute plaque removal by a battery-powered versus a manual toothbrush. J Periodontol 2004;75(8):1107-13.
23. Christensen LB, Petersen PE, Krustrup U, Kjoller M. Self-reported oral hygiene practices among adults in Denmark. Community Dent Health 2003;20(4):229-35.
24. Segelnick SL. A survey of floss frequency, habit and technique in a hospital dental clinic & private periodontal practice. N Y State Dent J 2004;70(5):28-33.
25. American Dental Association. 2003 public opinion survey: Oral health of the US population. Chicago: American Dental Association; 2004.
26. Bakdash B. Current patterns of oral hygiene product use and practices. Periodontol 2000 1995;8:11-4.
27. Hugosan A, Norderyd O, Slotte C, Thorstensson H. Oral hygiene and gingivitis in a Swedish adult population 1973, 1983 and 1993. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25(10):807-12.
28. Albandar JM, Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994. J Periodontol 1999;70(1):30-43.
29. Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy, Part I: prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:533-51.
30. Christersson LA, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, Machtei EE, Genco RJ. Dental plaque and calculus: risk indicators for their formation. J Dent Res 1992;71(7):1425-30.
31. van der Weijden GA, Hioe KP. A systematic review of the effectiveness of self-performed mechanical plaque removal in adults with gingivitis using a manual toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(supplement 6):214-28.
32. Barnett ML. The role of therapeutic antimicrobial mouthrinses in clinical practice: control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis. JADA 2003;134(6):699-704.
33. Mager DL, Ximenez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Distribution of selected bacterial species on intraoral surfaces. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(7):644-54.
34. Fine DH, Mendieta C, Furgang D, Myers R. Chemotherapeutic mouthrinses as an adjunct in the initial phases of periodontal treatment. Am J Dent 1989;2:309-16.
35. Kononen E, Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H. The early colonization of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in edentulous infants. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992;7(1):28-31.
36. Kononen E. Development of oral bacterial flora in young children. Ann Med 2000;32(2):107-12.
37. Liljemark WF, Bloomquist CG, Reilly BE, et al. Growth dynamics in a natural biofilm and its impact on oral disease management. Adv Dent Res 1997;11(1):14-23.
38. van der Velden U, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Abbas F, De Graaff J. The habitat of periodontopathic micro-organisms. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13(3):243-8.
39. Muller HP, Lange DE, Muller RF. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recovery from extracrevicular locations of the mouth. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993;8(6):344-8.
40. Danser MM, Timmerman MF, van Winkelhoff AJ, van der Velden U. The effect of periodontal treatment on periodontal bacteria on the oral mucous membranes. J Periodontol 1996;67(5):478-85.
41. van Trail-Linden B, Saarela M, Matto J, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Source of suspected periodontal pathogens re-emerging after periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23(6): 601-7.
42. Eger T, Zoller L, Muller HP, Hoffman S, Lobinsky D. Potential diagnostic value of sampling oral mucosal surfaces for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104:112-7.
43. Muller HP, Heinecke A, Fuhrmann A, Eger T, Zoller L. Intraoral distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults with minimal periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2001;36(2):114-23.
44. Tanner AC, Paster BJ, Lu SC, et al. Subgingival and tongue microbiota during early periodontitis. J Dent Res 2006;85(4):318-23.
45. Ximenez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial composition of supra- and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27(10):722-32.
46. Dahlen G. Effect of antimicrobial mouthrinses on salivary microflora in healthy subjects. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(1):38-42.
47. Jenkins S, Addy M, Wade W, Newcombe RG. The magnitude and duration of the effects of some mouthrinse products on salivary bacterial counts. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21(6):397-401.
48. DePaola LG, Minah GE, Overholser CD, et al. Effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on salivary microbiota. Am J Dent 1996;9(3):93-5.
49. Pitts G, Pianotti R, Feary TW, McGuiness J, Masura T. The in vivo effects of an antiseptic mouthwash on odor-producing microorganisms. J Dent Res 1981;60(11):1891-6.
50. Fine DH, Furgang D, Sinatra K, Charles C, McGuire A, Kumar LD. In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days' use. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(4):335-40.
51. Grossman E, Reiter G, Sturzenberger OP, et al. Six-month study of the effects of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on gingivitis in adults. J Perio Res 1986;21(supplement):33-43.
52. Lamster IB, Alfano MC, Seiger MC, Gordon JM. The effect of Listerine Antiseptic on reduction of existing plaque and gingivitis. Clin Prev Dent 1983;5(6):12-6.
53. Gordon JM, Lamster IB, Sieger MC. Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1985;12(8):697-704.
54. DePaola LG, Overholser CD, Meiller TF, Minan GE, Niehaus C. Chemotherapeutic inhibition of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis development. J Clin Periodontol 1989;16(5):311-5.
55. Overholser CD, Meiller TF, DePaola LG, Minan GE, Niehaus C. Comparative effects of 2 chemotherapeutic mouthrinses on the development of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1990;17(8):575-9.
56. Charles CH, Sharma NC, Galustians HJ, Qaqish J, McGuire JA, Vincent JW. Comparative efficacy of an antiseptic mouthrinse and an antiplaque/ antigingivitis dentifrice: a six-month clinical trial. JADA 2001;132(5):670-5.
57. Charles CH, Mostler KM, Bartels LL, Mankodi SM. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2004;31(10):878-84.
58. Sharma N, Charles CH, Lynch MC, et al. Adjunctive benefit of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly: a six-month study. JADA 2004;135(4):496-504.
59. Allen DR, Davies R, Bradshaw B, et al. Efficacy of a mouthrinse containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride for the control of plaque and gingivitis: a 6-month clinical study in adults. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998;19(2 supplement):20-6.
60. Mankodi S, Bauroth K, Witt JJ, et al. A 6-month clinical trial to study the effects of a cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse on gingivitis and plaque. Am J Dent 2005;18:9A-14A.
61. Gunsolley J. Meta-analysis of six month studies evaluating anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis agents. JADA (in press).
62. Council on Dental Therapeutics accepts Peridex. JADA 1988;117(3):516-7.
63. Council on Dental Therapeutics accepts Listerine. JADA 1988;117(3):515-6.