Behavior, movements, and demographics of rabid raccoons in Ontario, Canada: Management implications

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 589-605

  Rosatte, Rick ^a   Sobey, Kirk ^a   Donovan, Dennis ^a   Bruce, Laura ^a   Allan, Mike ^a   Silver, Andrew ^a   Bennett, Kim ^a   Gibson, Mark ^a   Simpson, Holly ^a   Davies, Chris ^b   Wandeler, Alex ^c   Muldoon, Frances ^c  

^a TRENT UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Canada)

^c CANADIAN FOOD INSPECTION AGENCY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Procyon lotor; Rabid raccoon; Rabid raccoon behavior; Rabies; Raccoon; Raccoon rabies

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ATAXIA; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CARNIVORA; ERETHIZON DORSATUM; MEPHITIS; PROCYON; PROCYON LOTOR;

EID: 33845313615     PISSN: 00903558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.589     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Anonymous. 2003. First human death associated with raccoon rabies - Virginia, 2003. MMWR 52 (45): 1102-1103.
2. Bigler, W. J., R. G. McLean, and H. A. Trevino. 1973. Epizootic aspects of raccoon rabies in Florida. American Journal of Epidemiology 98: 326-335.
3. Bishop, Y. M., S. E. Fienberg, and P. W. Holland. 1975. Discrete multivariate analysis: Theory and practice. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 577 pp.
4. Broadfoot, J. D., R. C. Rosatte, and D. T. O'Leary. 2001. Raccoon and skunk population models for urban disease control planning in Ontario, Canada. Ecological Applications 11: 295-303.
5. Christensen, R. 1990. Log-linear models. Springer Texts in Statistics, New York, New York, 408 pp.
6. Cranfield, M. R., I. K. Barker, K. G. Mehren, and W. A. Rapley. 1984. Canine distemper in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) at the Metropolitan Toronto Zoo. Canadian Veterinary Journal 25: 63-66.
7. Fienberg, S. E. 1970. The analysis of multidimensional contingency tables. Ecology. 51 (3): 419-4333.
8. Foley, P., and S. McBurney. 2002. Ethylene glycol toxicosis in a free-ranging raccoon (Procyon lotor) from Prince Edward Island. Canadian Veterinary Journal 43: 291-292.
9. Gehrt, S. D. 2003. Raccoon. In Wild mammals of North America biology, management and conservation, G. Feldhamer, B. Thompson, and J. Chapman (eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 611-634.
10. Greenacre, M. J. 1984. Theory and applications of correspondence analysis. Academic Press Inc., London, UK, 364 pp.
11. Helmick, C. G. 1983. The epidemiology of human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis, 1980-1981. Journal of the American Medical Association 250:1990-1996.
12. Hubbard, D. R. 1985. A descriptive epidemiologic study of raccoon rabies in a rural environment. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21: 105-110.
13. Jenkins, S. R., and W. G. Winkler. 1987. Descriptive epidemiology from an epizootic of raccoon rabies in the mid-Atlantic states, 1982-1983. American Journal of Epidemiology 126: 429-437.
14. Jenkins, S. R., B. D. Perry, and W. G. Winkler. 1988. Ecology and epidemiology of raccoon rabies. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 10: S620-S625.
15. Johnston, D. H., and M. Beauregard. 1969. Rabies epidemiology in Ontario. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 5: 357-370.
16. Johnston, D. H., D. Joachim, P. Bachmann, K. Kardong, R. Stewart, L. Dix, M. Strickland, and I. Watt. 1987. Aging furbearers using tooth structure and biomarkers. In Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America, M. Novak, J. Baker, M. Obbard, and B. Mallock (eds.). Ontario Trappers Association, North Bay, Ontario, Canada, pp. 228 243.
17. Johnston, D. H., D. R. Voigt, C. MacInnes, P. Bachmann, K. F. Lawson, and C. E. Rupprecht. 1988. An aerial baiting system for the distribution of attenuated or recombinant rabies vaccines for foxes, raccoons and skunks. Review of Infectious Diseases 10: S660-S665.
18. Kazakos, K. R. 2001. Baylisacaris procyonis and related species. In Parasitic diseases of wild mammals, 2nd Edition, W. M. Samuel, M. J. Pybus, and A. A. Kocan (eds.). Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 301-341.
19. Knoke, D., and P. J. Burke. 1983. Log-linear models. Sage University Paper series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, series No. 07-020. Beverly Hills, California, 80 pp.
20. MacInnes, C. D. 1987. Rabies. In Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America, M. Novak, J. Baker, M. Obbard, and B. Mallock (eds.). Ontario Trappers Association, North Bay, Ontario, Canada, pp. 910-929.
21. MacInnes, C. D. S. Smith, R. Tinline, N. Ayers, P. Bachmann, D. Ball, L. Calder, S. Crosgrey, C. Fielding, P. Hauschildt, J. Honig, D. Johnston, K. Lawson, C. Nunan, M. Pedde, B. Pond, R. Stewart, and D. Voigt. 2001. Elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37: 119-132.
22. Nadin-Davis, S. A., G. A. Casey, and A. I. Wandeler. 1994. A molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus in central Ontario and western Quebec. Journal of General Virology 75: 2575-2583.
23. Rosatte, R. C. 1988. Rabies in Canada - History, epidemiology and control. Canadian Veterinary Journal 29: 362-365.
24. Rosatte, R. C. 2000. Management of raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Ontario, Canada: Do human intervention and disease have significant impact on raccoon populations? Mammalia 64: 360-390.
25. Rosatte, R. C. D. R. Howard, J. B. Campbell, ad C. D. MacInnes. 1990. Intramuscular vaccination of skunks and raccoons against rabies. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26: 225-230.
26. Rosatte, R. C., M. J. Power, and C. D. MacInnes. 1991. Ecology of urban skunks, raccoons and foxes in metropolitan Toronto. In Wildlife conservation in metropolitan environments, L. W. Adams and D. L. Leedy (eds.). National Institute for Urban Wildlife, Columbia, Maryland, pp. 31-38.
27. Rosatte, R. C., M. J. Power, and C. D. MacInnes. 1992a. Density, dispersion, movements and habitat of skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) in metropolitan Toronto. In Wildlife 2001: Populations, D. R. McCullough and R. Barrett (eds.). Elsevier Science Publishers, London, UK, pp. 932-944.
28. Rosatte, R. C., M. J. Power, and C. D. MacInnes. and J. B. Campbell. 1992b. Trap-vaccinate- release and oral vaccination for rabies control in urban skunks, raccoons and foxes. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28: 562-571.
29. Rosatte, R. C., C. D. MacInnes, M. J. Power, D. H. Johnston, P. Bachmann, C. P. Nunan, C. Wannop, M. Pedde, and L. Calder. 1993. Tactics for the control of wildlife rabies in Ontario Canada. Reviews of the Science and Technical Office of International Epizootics 12: 95-98.
30. Johnston, P. D. Donovan, M. Allan, L. Howes, A. Silver, K. Bennett, C. MacInnes, G. Davies, A. Wandeler, and B. Radford. 2001. Emergency response to raccoon rabies introduction into Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37: 265-279.
31. Johnston, P. D. M. Allan, R. Warren, P. Neave, T. Babin, L. Buchanan, D. Donovan, K. Sobey, C. Davies, F. Muldoon, and A. Wandeler. 2005. Movements of two rabid raccoons (Procyon lotor) in eastern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 119: In Press.
32. StatSoft Inc. 2004. Electronic statistics textbook. StatSoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma, www.statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html. Accessed August 2005.
33. Tineline, R., R. Rosatte, and C. D. MacInnes. 2002. Estimating the incubation period of raccoon rabies: A time-space clustering approach. Preventative Veterinary Medicine 56: 89-103.
34. Totton, S. C., E. R. Tinline, R. C. Rosatte, and L. L. Bigler. 2002. Contact rates of raccoons (Procyon lotor) at a communal feeding site in rural eastern Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38: 313-319.
35. Totton, S. C., R. C. Rosatte, R. R. Tinline, and L. L. Bigler. 2004. Seasonal home ranges of raccoons (Procyon lotor), using a common feeding site in rural eastern Ontario: Rabies management implications. Canadian Field Naturalist 118: 65-71.
36. Wandeler, A., and E. Salsberg. 1999. Raccoon rabies in eastern Ontario. Canadian Veterinary Journal 40: 731.
37. Webster, W. A., and G. A. Casey. 1988. Diagnosis of rabies infection. In Rabies, J. B. Campbell and K. M. Charlton (eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 201-222.
38. Wilson, M. L., P. M. Bretsky, G. H. Cooper, S. H. Egrertson, H. J. Van Kruiningen, and M. L. Cartter. 1997. Emergence of raccoon rabies in Connecticut. 1991-1994: Spatial and temporal characteristics of animal infection and human contact. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 57: 457-463.
39. Winkler, W. G., and S. R. Jenkins. 1991. Raccoon rabies. In The natural history of rabies. 2nd Edition, G. M. Baer (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 325-340.