The origin of the term "hypervalent"

Journal of Chemical Education

Volumn 83, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1751-1752

  Jensen, William B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOND STRENGTH (CHEMICAL); BONDING; IONS;

COVALENT BONDS; ELECTRONIC THEORY; HYPERVALENT; OCTET EXPANSION;

CHEMICAL BONDS;

EID: 33845264590     PISSN: 00219584     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ed083p1751     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Musher, J. L. The Chemistry of Hypervalent Molecules. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1969, 8, 54-68.
2. Lewis, G. N. Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules; The Chemical Catalog Co: New York, NY, 1923; Chapter 8.
3. Langmuir, I. Types of Valence. Science 1921, 54, 59-67.
4. Sugden, S. The Parachor and Valency; Knopf: New York, NY, 1930; Chapter 6.
5. Rundle, R. E. Electron Deficient Compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 1327-1331.
6. Pimentel, G. The Bonding of Trihalide and Bifluoride Ions by the Molecular Orbital Method. J. Chem. Phys. 1951, 19, 446-448.
7. For convenient summaries of this literature, see Mitchell, K. A. R. The Use of Outer d Orbitals in Bonding. Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 157-178;
8. and Petit, L. D. Multiple Bonding and Back-Coordination in Inorganic Compounds. Quart. Rev. 1971, 25, 1-29.
9. For period overviews, see Coulson, C. A. d-Orbitals in Chemical Bonding. In Mulligen, W. O., Ed., Proceedings of the Robert A. Welch Foundation Conferences on Chemical Research. XVI. Theoretical Chemistry, Houston, TX, 1972; Chapter 3;
10. and Brill, T. B. d Orbitals in Main Group Elements. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 392-396.
11. Martin, J. C. 'Frozen' Transition States: Pentavalent Carbon et al. Science 1983, 221, 509-514.
12. For overviews, see Kutzelnigg, W. Chemical Bonding in Higher Main Group Elements. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1984, 23, 272-295;
13. and Weinhold, F.; Landis, C. Valency and Bonding; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2005; Chapter 3.
14. Magnusson, E. Hypercoordinate Molecules of Second-Row Elements: d Functions or d-Orbitals? J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7940-7951.
15. von Ragué van Schleyer, P. Hypervalent Compounds. Chem. Eng, News, 1984, 62, 4. Smith has recently documented a widespread confusion among chemists over the use of such terms as valence and coordination number:
16. See Smith D. W. Valence, Covalence, Hypervalence, and Coordination Number. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1202-1204.
17. Martin, J. C. More Clarification. Chem. Eng. News 1984, 62, 4, 70.
18. Gillespie, R. J.; Robinson, E. A. Hypervalence and the Octet Rule. Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 978-979.