메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 1509-1519

Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylamine (2C-D) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques

Author keywords

2,5 dimethoxy 4 methyl phenethylamine; 2C D; Designer drug; GC MS; Metabolism

Indexed keywords

DRUG PRODUCTS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROXYLATION; IMPURITIES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLISM; TOXICITY;

EID: 33845202633     PISSN: 10765174     EISSN: 10969888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jms.1128     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 1842427409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new trend in drugs-of-abuse; the 2C-series of phenethylamine designer drugs
    • de Boer D, Bosman I. A new trend in drugs-of-abuse; the 2C-series of phenethylamine designer drugs. Pharm. World Sci. 2004; 26: 110.
    • (2004) Pharm. World Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 110
    • De Boer, D.1    Bosman, I.2
  • 3
    • 33845346040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral characterization of 2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenethylamine, and comparison to 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenetylamine (2C-D)
    • Allred RA. Spectral characterization of 2,4-dimethoxy-3- methylphenethylamine, and comparison to 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenetylamine (2C-D). Microgram J. 2005; 3: 16.
    • (2005) Microgram J. , vol.3 , pp. 16
    • Allred, R.A.1
  • 4
    • 33845201768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) Encountered in FT. Pierce, Florida and Royal Oak, Michigan
    • Drug Enforcement Administration-Office of Forensic Sciences
    • Drug Enforcement Administration-Office of Forensic Sciences. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) Encountered In FT. Pierce, Florida and Royal Oak, Michigan. Microgram 2004; 37: 193.
    • (2004) Microgram , vol.37 , pp. 193
  • 5
    • 33845187138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) capsules in bettendorf, Iowa
    • Drug Enforcement Administration-Office of Forensic Sciences
    • Drug Enforcement Administration-Office of Forensic Sciences. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) capsules in bettendorf, Iowa. Microgram 2005; 38: 59.
    • (2005) Microgram , vol.38 , pp. 59
  • 6
    • 0025194378 scopus 로고
    • [125I]-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)aminoethane ([125I]-2C-I) as a label for the 5-HT2 receptor in rat frontal cortex
    • Johnson MP, Mathis CA, Shulgin AT, Hoffman AJ, Nichols DE. [125I]-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)aminoethane ([125I]-2C-I) as a label for the 5-HT2 receptor in rat frontal cortex. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1990; 35: 211.
    • (1990) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.35 , pp. 211
    • Johnson, M.P.1    Mathis, C.A.2    Shulgin, A.T.3    Hoffman, A.J.4    Nichols, D.E.5
  • 7
    • 0026520058 scopus 로고
    • Binding of phenylalkylamine derivatives at 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors: Evidence for a lack of selectivity
    • Glennon RA, Raghupathi R, Bartyzel P, Teitler M, Leonhardt S. Binding of phenylalkylamine derivatives at 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors: evidence for a lack of selectivity. J. Med. Chem. 1992; 35: 734.
    • (1992) J. Med. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 734
    • Glennon, R.A.1    Raghupathi, R.2    Bartyzel, P.3    Teitler, M.4    Leonhardt, S.5
  • 8
    • 0024156794 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation of the psychoactive agent 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine: A potential drug of abuse
    • Glennon RA, Titeler M, Lyon RA. A preliminary investigation of the psychoactive agent 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine: a potential drug of abuse. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1988; 30: 597.
    • (1988) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 597
    • Glennon, R.A.1    Titeler, M.2    Lyon, R.A.3
  • 9
    • 0029898995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dihydrobenzofuran analogues of hallucinogens. 3. Models of 4-substituted (2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)alkylamine derivatives with rigidified methoxy groups
    • Monte AP, Marona-Lewicka D, Parker MA, Wainscott DB, Nelson DL, Nichols DE. Dihydrobenzofuran analogues of hallucinogens. 3. Models of 4-substituted (2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)alkylamine derivatives with rigidified methoxy groups. J. Med. Chem. 1996; 39: 2953.
    • (1996) J. Med. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 2953
    • Monte, A.P.1    Marona-Lewicka, D.2    Parker, M.A.3    Wainscott, D.B.4    Nelson, D.L.5    Nichols, D.E.6
  • 10
    • 0035984936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in potency and efficacy of a series of phenylisopropylamine/ phenylethylamine pairs at 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors
    • Acuna-Castillo C, Villalobos C, Moya PR, Saez P, Cassels BK, Huidobro-Toro JP. Differences in potency and efficacy of a series of phenylisopropylamine/phenylethylamine pairs at 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2002; 136: 510.
    • (2002) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.136 , pp. 510
    • Acuna-Castillo, C.1    Villalobos, C.2    Moya, P.R.3    Saez, P.4    Cassels, B.K.5    Huidobro-Toro, J.P.6
  • 11
    • 2342530990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) and structurally related phenylethylamines are potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonists in Xenopus laevis oocytes
    • Villalobos CA, Bull P, Saez P, Cassels BK, Huidobro-Toro JP. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) and structurally related phenylethylamines are potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonists in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 141: 1167.
    • (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.141 , pp. 1167
    • Villalobos, C.A.1    Bull, P.2    Saez, P.3    Cassels, B.K.4    Huidobro-Toro, J.P.5
  • 13
    • 0028176539 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-adrenergic and 5-HT2-serotonergic effects of some beta-phenylethylamines on isolated rat thoracic aorta
    • Saez P, Borges Y, Gonzalez E, Cassels BK. Alpha-adrenergic and 5-HT2-serotonergic effects of some beta-phenylethylamines on isolated rat thoracic aorta. Gen. Pharmacol. 1994; 25: 211.
    • (1994) Gen. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 211
    • Saez, P.1    Borges, Y.2    Gonzalez, E.3    Cassels, B.K.4
  • 14
    • 0032563976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frontier orbital phase angles: Novel QSAR descriptors for benzene derivatives, applied to phenylalkylamine hallucinogens
    • Clare BW. The frontier orbital phase angles: novel QSAR descriptors for benzene derivatives, applied to phenylalkylamine hallucinogens. J. Med. Chem. 1998; 41: 3845.
    • (1998) J. Med. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 3845
    • Clare, B.W.1
  • 16
    • 28944444216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the separation and on-line sample concentration of phenethylamine designer drugs with capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence detection
    • Tsai CC, Liu JT, Shu YR, Chan PH, Lin CH. Optimization of the separation and on-line sample concentration of phenethylamine designer drugs with capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 2006; 1101: 319.
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1101 , pp. 319
    • Tsai, C.C.1    Liu, J.T.2    Shu, Y.R.3    Chan, P.H.4    Lin, C.H.5
  • 17
    • 24344487709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of nineteen hallucinogenic tryptamines/beta-calbolines and phenethylamines using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry
    • Kikura-Hanajiri R, Hayashi M, Saisho K, Goda Y. Simultaneous determination of nineteen hallucinogenic tryptamines/beta-calbolines and phenethylamines using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2005; 825: 29.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.825 , pp. 29
    • Kikura-Hanajiri, R.1    Hayashi, M.2    Saisho, K.3    Goda, Y.4
  • 18
    • 4344659962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general screening and confirmation approach to the analysis of designer tryptamines and phenethylamines in blood and urine using GC-EI-MS and HPLC-electrospray-MS
    • Vorce SP, Sklerov JH. A general screening and confirmation approach to the analysis of designer tryptamines and phenethylamines in blood and urine using GC-EI-MS and HPLC-electrospray-MS. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2004; 28: 407.
    • (2004) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.28 , pp. 407
    • Vorce, S.P.1    Sklerov, J.H.2
  • 19
    • 0036826394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl amine (2C-B): A review of the public domain literature
    • Cole MD, Lea C, Oxley N. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl amine (2C-B): a review of the public domain literature. Sci. Justice 2002; 42: 223.
    • (2002) Sci. Justice , vol.42 , pp. 223
    • Cole, M.D.1    Lea, C.2    Oxley, N.3
  • 21
    • 25144482763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesseps JALdR, Maes RAA. Mass spectrometric identification of some sulphur containing phenalkylamine designer drugs
    • Spiehler V (ed.). TIAFT98: Albuquerque
    • Bosman IJ, de Boer D, Siderius EB. Lesseps JALdR, Maes RAA. Mass spectrometric identification of some sulphur containing phenalkylamine designer drugs. In Proceedings of the 1998 Joint SOFT/TIAFT Meeting, Spiehler V (ed.). TIAFT98: Albuquerque, 1999.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the 1998 Joint SOFT/TIAFT Meeting
    • Bosman, I.J.1    De Boer, D.2    Siderius, E.B.3
  • 22
    • 0000277934 scopus 로고
    • LC and GC-MS analysis of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus) and 2-propanamine and 2-butanamine analogs
    • DeRuiter J, Clark CR, Noggle FT. LC and GC-MS analysis of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus) and 2-propanamine and 2-butanamine analogs. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1995; 33: 583.
    • (1995) J. Chromatogr. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 583
    • DeRuiter, J.1    Clark, C.R.2    Noggle, F.T.3
  • 23
    • 0010301184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of the bromination products of the regioisomeric dimethoxyphenethylamines: Differentiation of Nexus from five positional isomers
    • DeRuiter J, Clark CR, Noggle FT. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of the bromination products of the regioisomeric dimethoxyphenethylamines: differentiation of Nexus from five positional isomers. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1998; 36: 23.
    • (1998) J. Chromatogr. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 23
    • DeRuiter, J.1    Clark, C.R.2    Noggle, F.T.3
  • 26
    • 10944254744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of amphetamine-derived designer drugs in human urine by SPE extraction and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry detection
    • Boatto G, Nieddu M, Carta A, Pau A, Palomba M, Asproni B, Cerri R. Determination of amphetamine-derived designer drugs in human urine by SPE extraction and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry detection. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2005; 814: 93.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.814 , pp. 93
    • Boatto, G.1    Nieddu, M.2    Carta, A.3    Pau, A.4    Palomba, M.5    Asproni, B.6    Cerri, R.7
  • 27
    • 13244279850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7): Studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Theobald DS, Fehn S, Maurer HH. New designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4- propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005; 40: 105.
    • (2005) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.40 , pp. 105
    • Theobald, D.S.1    Fehn, S.2    Maurer, H.H.3
  • 28
    • 25144434984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-beta-phenethylamine (2C-T-2): Studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Theobald DS, Staack RF, Puetz M, Maurer HH. New designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-beta-phenethylamine (2C-T-2): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005; 40: 1157.
    • (2005) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.40 , pp. 1157
    • Theobald, D.S.1    Staack, R.F.2    Puetz, M.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 29
    • 33748768184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the designer drug 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-〈beta〉-phenethylamine (2C-E) in rat urine using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques
    • Theobald DS, Maurer HH. Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the designer drug 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-〈beta〉- phenethylamine (2C-E) in rat urine using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2006; 842: 76.
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.842 , pp. 76
    • Theobald, D.S.1    Maurer, H.H.2
  • 30
    • 21344470404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for and validated quantification of phenethylamine-type designer drugs and mescaline in human blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Habrdova V, Peters FT, Theobald DS, Maurer HH. Screening for and validated quantification of phenethylamine-type designer drugs and mescaline in human blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005; 40: 785.
    • (2005) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.40 , pp. 785
    • Habrdova, V.1    Peters, F.T.2    Theobald, D.S.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 31
    • 33746306200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drug 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-I): Studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric techniques
    • Theobald DS, Putz M, Schneider E, Maurer HH. New designer drug 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-I): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric techniques. J. Mass Spectrom. 2006; 41: 872.
    • (2006) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.41 , pp. 872
    • Theobald, D.S.1    Putz, M.2    Schneider, E.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 33
    • 1842516092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary results on the urinary excretion of 2C-B (4-bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethylamine) and its metabolites in humans
    • de Boer D, dos Reys LA, Pylon N, Gijzels M, Bosman IJ, Maes RAA. Preliminary results on the urinary excretion of 2C-B (4-bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethylamine) and its metabolites in humans. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1999; 127: 41P.
    • (1999) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.127
    • De Boer, D.1    Dos Reys, L.A.2    Pylon, N.3    Gijzels, M.4    Bosman, I.J.5    Maes, R.A.A.6
  • 34
    • 0036191988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo metabolism of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in the rat: Identification of urinary metabolites
    • Kanamori T, Inoue H, Iwata Y, Ohmae Y, Kishi T. In vivo metabolism of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in the rat: identification of urinary metabolites. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2002; 26: 61.
    • (2002) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.26 , pp. 61
    • Kanamori, T.1    Inoue, H.2    Iwata, Y.3    Ohmae, Y.4    Kishi, T.5
  • 35
    • 0345276753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine and its metabolites in the urine of rats by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Lin LC, Liu JT, Chou SH, Lin CH. Identification of 2,5-dimethoxy-4- ethylthiophenethylamine and its metabolites in the urine of rats by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2003; 798: 241.
    • (2003) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.798 , pp. 241
    • Lin, L.C.1    Liu, J.T.2    Chou, S.H.3    Lin, C.H.4
  • 39
  • 40
    • 10044267443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position of chromatographic techniques in screening for detection of drugs or poisons in clinical and forensic toxicology and/or doping control
    • [review]
    • Maurer HH. Position of chromatographic techniques in screening for detection of drugs or poisons in clinical and forensic toxicology and/or doping control [review]. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2004; 42: 1310.
    • (2004) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. , vol.42 , pp. 1310
    • Maurer, H.H.1
  • 41
    • 24044494618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the designer drug 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) in human urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Ewald AH, Peters FT, Weise M, Maurer HH. Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the designer drug 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) in human urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2005; 824: 123.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.824 , pp. 123
    • Ewald, A.H.1    Peters, F.T.2    Weise, M.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 45
    • 84983705055 scopus 로고
    • Gaschromatographische Charakterisierung organischer Verbindungen. Teil 1. Retentionsindices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone
    • Kovats E. Gaschromatographische Charakterisierung organischer Verbindungen. Teil 1. Retentionsindices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone. Helv. Chim. Acta 1958; 41: 1915.
    • (1958) Helv. Chim. Acta , vol.41 , pp. 1915
    • Kovats, E.1
  • 47
    • 33746309901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abuse of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): Studies on the metabolism and the toxicological detection of its Ingredients Elemicin, Myristicin and Safrole in Rat and Human Urine using gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Beyer J, Ehlers D, Maurer HH. Abuse of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): studies on the metabolism and the toxicological detection of its Ingredients Elemicin, Myristicin and Safrole in Rat and Human Urine using gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry. Ther. Drug Monit. 2006; 28: 568.
    • (2006) Ther. Drug Monit. , vol.28 , pp. 568
    • Beyer, J.1    Ehlers, D.2    Maurer, H.H.3
  • 48
    • 33646376667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer drugs 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromomethamphetamine (MDOB): Studies on their metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques
    • Ewald AH, Fritschi G, Bork WR, Maurer HH. Designer drugs 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromomethamphetamine (MDOB): studies on their metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. J. Mass Spectrom. 2006; 41: 487.
    • (2006) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.41 , pp. 487
    • Ewald, A.H.1    Fritschi, G.2    Bork, W.R.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 49
    • 22444438537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonfatal and fatal DOB (2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine) overdose
    • Balikova M. Nonfatal and fatal DOB (2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine) overdose. Forensic Sci. Int. 2005; 153: 85.
    • (2005) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.153 , pp. 85
    • Balikova, M.1
  • 50
    • 0037097059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the new piperazine-like designer drug N-benzylpiperazine in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Staack RF, Fritschi G, Maurer HH. Studies on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the new piperazine-like designer drug N-benzylpiperazine in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol Biomed. Life Sci. 2002; 773: 35.
    • (2002) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.773 , pp. 35
    • Staack, R.F.1    Fritschi, G.2    Maurer, H.H.3
  • 51
    • 0035139012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for detection of new antidepressants, neuroleptics, hypnotics, and their metabolites in urine by GC-MS developed using rat liver microsomes
    • Bickeboeller-Friedrich J, Maurer HH. Screening for detection of new antidepressants, neuroleptics, hypnotics, and their metabolites in urine by GC-MS developed using rat liver microsomes. Ther. Drug Monit. 2001; 23: 61.
    • (2001) Ther. Drug Monit. , vol.23 , pp. 61
    • Bickeboeller-Friedrich, J.1    Maurer, H.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.