Geologic evolution of the Caylloma epithermal vein district, Southern Perú

Economic Geology

Volumn 101, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 843-863

  Echavarria, Leandro ^a,d   Nelson, Eric ^a   Humphrey, John ^a   Chavez, Jorge ^b   Escobedo, Leopoldo ^b   Iriondo, Alex ^c,e  

^a Department of Geology and Geological Engineering   (United States)

^b SAC   (Peru)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^d MHA   (Argentina)

^e CENTRO DE FÍSICA APLICADA Y TECNOLOGÍA AVANZADA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MINERALOGY; PETROLOGY; TECTONICS; VOLCANIC ROCKS;

ECONOMIC MINERALIZATION; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MAGMATIC FLUIDS; MINERAL PRECIPITATION; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; VOLCANIC BELT; VOLCANICLASTIC ROCKS;

ORE DEPOSIT GEOLOGY;

BASE METAL; FLUID INCLUSION; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; HYDROTHERMAL FLUID; MINERALIZATION; MIOCENE; NORMAL FAULT; ORE GRADE; ORE MINERAL; SILICIFICATION; SILVER; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; VEIN (GEOLOGY); VOLCANIC ROCK;

PERU; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 33751561138     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.4.843     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Albinson, T., Norman, D.I., Cole, D., and Chomiak, B., 2001, Controls on formation of low-sulfidation epithermal deposits in Mexico: Constraints from fluid inclusion and stable isotope data: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 8, p. 1-32.
2. Arribas, A., Jr., Cunningham, C.G., Rytuba, J.J., Rye, R.O., Kelly, W.C., Podwysocky M.H., McKee, E.H., and Tosdal, R.M., 1995, Geology, geochronology, fluid inclusions, and isotope geochemistry of the Rodalquilar gold alunite deposit, Spain: Economic Geology, V. 90, p. 795-822.
3. Ashley, R.P., and Silberman, M.L., 1976, Direct dating of mineralization at Goldfield, Nevada, by potassium-argon and fission-track methods: Economic Geology, v. 71, p. 904-924.
4. Barton, P.B., 1978, Some ore textures involving sphalerite from the Furutobe mine, Akita Prefecture, Japan: Mining Geology, v. 28, p. 293-300.
5. Benavides-Cáceres, V., 1999, Orogenic evolution of the Peruvian Andes: The Andean cycle: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 7, p. 61-107.
6. Bethke, P.M., Barton, P.B., Jr., Lanphere, M.A., and Stevens, T.A., 1976, Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: II. Age of mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 71, p. 904-924.
7. Browne, P.R.L., 1978, Hydrothermal alteration in active geothermal fields: Annual Reviews in Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 6, p. 229-250.
8. Browne, P.R.L., and Ellis, A.J., 1970, The Ohaaki Broadlands hydrothermal area, New Zealand: Mineralogy and related geochemistry: American Journal of Science, v. 269, p. 97-131.
9. Candiotti de los Ríos, H., and Guerrero, T., 2002, Low sulphidation epithermal gold-silver veins in the Ares deposit, southern Perú [abs.]: XI Congreso Peruario de Geología, Nuevos descubrimientos en el Perú, Bolivia y Chile, Sociedad Geológica del Perú, Symposium Abstracts, CD.
10. Candiotti de los Ríos, H., Noble, D.C., and McKee, E.H., 1990, Geologic setting and epithermal veins of the Arcata district, southern Perú: Economic Geology, V. 85, p. 1473-1490.
11. Cassard, D., Chauvet, A., Bailly, L., Llosa, F., Rosas, J., Marcoux, E., and Lerouge, C., 2000, Structural control and K/Ar dating of the Au-Ag epithermal veins in the Shila Cordillera, southern Peru: Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie II, Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, v. 330, no. 1, p. 23-30.
12. Clark, A.H., Farrar, E., Kintak, D.J., Langridge, R.J., Arenas F., M.J., France, L.J., McBride, S.L., Woodman, P.L., Wasteneys, H.A., Sandeman, H.A., and Archibald, D.A., 1990, Geologic and geochronologic constraints on the metallogenic, evolution of the Andes of southeastern Peru: Economic Geology, v. 85, p. 1520-1583.
13. Cox, S.F., Knackstedt, M.A., and Braun, J., 2001, Principles of structural control on permeability and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 14, p. 1-24.
14. Drummond, S.E., and Ohmoto, H., 1985, Chemical evolution and mineral deposition in boiling hydrothermal solutions: Economic Geology, V. 80, P. 126-147.
15. Echavarria, L., Yagua, T., Nelson, E., and Benavides, J., 2003, Sistema epitermal de Arcata, sur de Perú: III Congreso Internacional ProExplo 2003, Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú. CD-Rom, p. 17.
16. Enriquez, E., and Rivera, R., 2001, Timing of magmatic and hydrothermal activity in the San Dimas district, Durango, Mexico: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 8, p. 3-38.
17. Farrar, E., and Noble, D.C., 1976, Timing of late Tertiary deformation in the Andes of southern Peru: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 1247-1250.
18. Field, C.W., and Fifarek, R.H., 1985, Light stable isotope systematics in the epithermal environment: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 2, p. 99-128.
19. Fornari, M., and Vilea Neyra, C., 1979, Mineralización argentífera asociada al volcanismo Cenozoico en la faja Puquio-Cailloma: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, v. 60 p. 101-128.
20. Fournier, R.O., 1985, The behavior of silica in hydrothermal solutions: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 2, p. 45-61.
21. Gammons, C.H., and Seward, T.M., 1996, Stability of manganese (II) chloride complexes from 25° to 300°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, p. 4295-4311.
22. Gibson, P.C., Noble, D.C., and Larson, L.T., 1990, Multistage evolution of the Calera epithermal vein system, Orcopampa district, southern Peru: First results: Economic Geology, v. 85, p. 1504-1519.
23. Gibson, P.C., McKee, E.H., Noble, D.C., and Swanson, K.E., 1995, Timing and interrelation of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal activity at the Orcopampa district, southern Peru: Economic Geology, V. 90, p. 2317-2325.
24. Goldstein, R.H., and Reynolds, T.J., 1994, Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals: Society for Sedimentary Geology Short Course 31, 199 p.
25. Gross, W.H., 1975, New ore discovery and source of silver-gold veins, Guanajuato, Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 70, p. 1175-1189.
26. Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas, A., and Gonzalez-Urien, E., 2000, Exploration for epithermal gold deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 245-277.
27. Henley, R.W., 1985, The geothermal framework of epithermal deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 2, p. 1-24.
28. Henley, R.W., Truesdell, A.H., and Barton, P.B., 1984, Fluid-mineral equilibria in hydrothermal systems: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 1, 267 p.
29. Lang, B., Edelstein, O., Steinitz, G., Kovacs, M., and Halga, S., 1994, Ar-Ar dating of adularia - a tool in understanding genetic relations between volcanism and mineralization: Baia Marc area (Gutii Mountains), northwestern Romania: Economic Geology, v. 89, p. 174-180.
30. Leroy, J.L., Hube, D,, and Marcoux, E., 2000, Episodic deposition of Mn minerals in cockade breccia structures in three low-sulfidation epithermal deposits: A mineral stratigraphy and fluid-inclusion approach: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 38, p. 1126-1136.
31. Lovering, T.S., and Goddard, E.N., 1950, Geology and ore deposits of the Front Range Colorado: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 223, 319 p.
32. Machare, J., Sébrier, M., Huaman, D., and Mercier, JL., 1986, Tectónica Cenozoica de la margen continental peruana: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, v. 76, p. 45-77.
33. McKee, E.H., and Noble, D.C., 1982, Miocene volcanism and deformation in the western Cordillera and high plateaus of south-central Peru: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, p. 657-662.
34. McKee, E.H., and Noble, D.C., 1989, Cenozoic tectonic events, magmatic pulses, and base- and precious metal mineralization in the Central Andes: Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series, v. 11, p. 189-194.
35. McKee, E.H., Dreier, J.E., and Noble, D.C., 1992, Early Miocene hydrothermal activity at Pachuca-Real del Monte, Mexico: An example of space-time association of volcanism and epithermal Ag-Au mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 87, p. 1635-1637.
36. Mégard, F., Noble, D.C., McKee, E.H., and Bellon, H., 1984, Multiple pulses of Neogene compressive deformation in the Ayacucho intermontane basin, Andes of central Peru: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 9, p. 1108-1117.
37. Mercier, J.L., Sébrier, M., Lavenu, A., Cabrera, J., Bellier, O., Dumont, J., and Machare, J., 1992, Changes in the tectonic regime above a subduction zone of Andean type: the Andes of Peru and Bolivia during the Plio-Peistocene: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 11945-11982.
38. Noble, D.C., and McKee, E.H., 1999, The Miocene metallogenic belt of central and northern Peru: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 7, p. 155-193.
39. Noble, D.C., and Silberman, M.L., 1984, Evolución volcánica e hidrotermal y cronología de K/Ar del distrito minero de Julcani. Volumen Jubilar LX aniversario, Homenaje al Dr. Georg Petersen: Sociedad Geológica del Perú, v. 5, 35 p.
40. Noble, D.C., and Vidal, C.E., 1994, Gold in Peru: Society of Economic Geologists Newsletter 17, no. 1, p. 7-13.
41. Noble, D.C., McKee, E.H., Farrar, E., and Petersen, U., 1974, Episodic Cenozoic volcanism and tectonism in the Andes of Peru: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 21, p. 213-220.
42. Noble, D.C., McKee, E.H., Eyzaguirre, V.R., and Marocco, R., 1984, Age and regional tectonic and metallogenic implications of igneous activity and mineralization in the Andahuaylas-Yauri belt of southern Peru: Economic Geology, v. 79, p. 172-176.
43. Noble, D.C., Eyzaguirre, V.R., and McKee, E.H., 1989, Precious-metal mineralization of Cenozoic age in the Central Andes of Peru: Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series, v. 11, p. 207-212.
44. Noble, D.C., Wise, J.M., and Vidal, C.E., 1999, Episodes of Cenozoic extension in the Andean orogen of Peru and their relation to compression, magmatic activity and mineralization, in Machare, J., Benavides, V, and Rosas, S., eds., Volumen Jubilar No 5 "75 Aniversario Sociedad Geológica del Perú," Sociedad Geológica del Perú, p. 45-66.
45. Nolan, T.B., 1933, Epithermal precious-metal deposits of the western states: New York, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Lindgren Volume, p. 623-640.
46. Ohmoto, H., and Rye, R.O., 1979, Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. in Barnes, H.L., ed., Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore dposits, 2nd ed.: New York, J. Wiley and Sons, p. 509-567.
47. Pardo Casas, F., and Molnar, P., 1987, Relative motion of the Nazca (Faralón) and South America plates since late Cretaceous time: Tectonics, v. 6, p. 233-248.
48. Petersen, U., 1958, Structure and uplift of the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and adjacent Argentina: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, v. 33, p. 57-129.
49. Peterson, P.S., Noble, D.C., McKee, E.H., and Eyzaguirre, V.R., 1983, A resurgent mineralized caldera in southern Peru: Peliminary report: EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 64, 884 p.
50. Pilger, R.H., Jr., 1983, Kinematics of the South American subduction zone from global plate reconstruction: Geodynamics, v. 9, p. 113-125.
51. Pilger, R.H., Jr., 1984, Cenozoic plate kinematics, subduction and magmatism: South American Andes: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 141, p. 793-802.
52. Reed, M.H., and Spycher, N.F., 1985, Boiling, cooling and oxidation in epithermal system: A numerical modelling approach: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 2, p. 249-272.
53. Rosenbaum, G., Giles, D., Saxon, M., Betts, P.G., Weinberg, R.F., and Duboz, C., 2005, Subduction of the Nazea Ridge and the Inca plateau: Insights into the formation of ore deposits in Peru: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 239, p. 18-32.
54. Rye, R.O., and Ohmoto, H., 1974, Sulfur and carbon isotopes and ore genesis: A review: Economic Geology, v, 69, p. 26-42.
55. Sandeman, H.A., Clark, A.H., and Farrar, E., 1995, An integrated tectonomagmatic model for the evolution of the southern Peruvian Andes (13-20°S) since 55 Ma: International Geology Review, v. 37, p. 1039-1073.
56. Saunders, J.A., and Schoenly, P.A., 1995, Boiling, colloid nucleation and aggregation, and the genesis of bonanza Au-Ag ores of the Sleeper deposit, Nevada: Mineralium Deposita, v. 30, p. 199-210.
57. Sébrier, M., and Soler, P, 1991, Tectonics and magmatism in the Peruvian Andes from late Oligocene time to the Present: Geological Society of America Special Paper 265, p. 259-278.
58. Sibson, R.H., 1996, Structural permeability of fluid-driven fault-fracture meshes: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 18, p. 1031-1042.
59. Sibson, R.H., Moore, J.M., and Rankin, A.H., 1975, Seismic pumping - a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of Geological Society of London, v. 131, p. 653-659.
60. Silberman, M.L., McKee, E.H., and Noble, D.C., 1985, Age of mineralization at the Cailloma and Orcopampa silver districts, southern Peru: Isochron/West, v. 43, p. 17-18.
61. Sillitoe, R., and Hedenquist, J., 2003, Linkages between volcanotectonic settings, ore-fluid compositions, and epithermal precious-metal deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 10, p. 315-343.
62. Simmons, S.F., 1991, Hydrologic implications of alteration and fluid inclusion studies in the Fresnillo district, Mexico: evidence for a brine reservoir and a descending water table during the formation of hydrothermal Ag-Pb-Zn orebodies: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 1579-1601.
63. Simmons, S.F., 1995, Magmatic contributions to low-sulfidation epithermal deposits: Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, v. 23, p. 455-477.
64. Simmons, S.F., and Browne, P.R.L., 1997, Saline fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Broadlands-Ohaaki geothermal system: A coincidental trapping of fluids boiled toward dryness: Economic Geology, v. 92, p. 485-489.
65. Simmons, S.F., and Christenson, BW, 1994, Origins of calcite in a boiling geothermal system: American Journal of Science, v. 294, p. 361-400.
66. Stephan, S., 1974, Genese der subvolkanischen Silbererzgangue von Caylloma in Peru: Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe D, Heft 8, 143 p.
67. Swanson, K.E., Noble, D.C., McKee, E.H., and Gibson, P.C., 1993, Collapse calderas and other Neogene volcanic and hydrothermal features of the Shila Cordillera and adjacent areas, southern Peru [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, p. 154.
68. Tosdal, R.M., Gibson, P.C., and Noble, D.C., 1995, Metal source for Miocene precious-metal veins of the Orcopampa, Shila, Cailloma and Arcata mining districts, southern Peru, in Volumen Jubilar Alberto Benavides: Sociedad Geológica del Perú, p. 311-326.
69. Vikre, P.G., McKee, E.H., and Silberman, M.L., 1988, Chronology of Miocene hydrothermal activity and igneous events in the western Virginia Range, Washoe, Storey, and Lyon Counties, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 83, p. 864-874.