Soil amendments and watering influence the incidence of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa

Applied Soil Ecology

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 311-318

  Blodgett, J T ^a   Swart, W J ^a   Louw, S vdM ^a   Weeks, W J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

^b North West Technical Support Services ^*  (South Africa)

Author keywords

Alternaria tenuissima; Amaranth; Fertilizer; Fungal ecology; Latent infecting pathogen; Soil treatments

Indexed keywords

ALTERNARIA; ALTERNARIA TENUISSIMA; AMARANTHUS; AMARANTHUS CAUDATUS; AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS; FUNGI; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33751502200     PISSN: 09291393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.07.010     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Appel D.N., and Stipes R.J. Canker expansion on water-stressed pin oaks colonized by Endothia gyrosa. Plant Dis. 68 (1984) 851-853
2. Bagga D.K., and Smalley E.B. The development of hypoxylon canker of Populus tremuloides: role of interacting environmental factors. Phytopathology 64 (1974) 658-662
3. Bertrand P.F., English H., Uriu K., and Schick F.J. Late season water deficits and development of Cytospora canker in French prune. Phytopathology 66 (1976) 1318-1320
4. Biggs A.R., Davis D.D., and Merrill W. Cutting development and restriction of wound-associated infection in Populus. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 5 (1983) 269-272
5. Black C.A., Evans D.D., Ensminger L.E., White J.L., Clark F.E., and Dinauer R.C. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 (1965), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI 1572 pp.
6. Blodgett J.T., Kruger E.L., and Stanosz G.R. Effects of moderate water stress on disease development by Sphaeropsis sapinea on red pine. Phytopathology 87 (1997) 422-428
7. Blodgett J.T., and Swart W.J. Infection, colonization, and disease of Amaranthus hybridus leaves by the Alternaria tenuissima group. Plant Dis. 86 (2002) 1199-1205
8. Blodgett J.T., Swart W.J., and Louw S.vdM. First report of Fusarium sambucinum, F. oxysporum, and F. subglutinans associated with stem decay of Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa. Plant Dis. 82 (1998) 1062
9. Blodgett J.T., Swart W.J., Louw S.vdM., and Weeks W.J. Species composition of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus leaves, petioles, stems, and roots. Mycologia 92 (2000) 853-859
10. Blodgett J.T., Swart W.J., and Chen W. First report of Alternaria tenuissima as a leaf pathogen of Amaranthus hybridus. Plant Dis. 83 (1999) 878
11. Carroll G.C., and Carroll F.E. Studies on the incidence of coniferous needle endophytes in the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. Bot. 56 (1978) 3034-3043
12. Clay K. Clavicipitaceous endophytes of grasses: their potential as biocontrol agents. Mycol. Res. 92 (1989) 1-12
13. Dix N.J., and Webster J. Fungal Ecology (1995), Chapman & Hall, London 549 pp.
14. Harlan J.R. Crops and Man. 2nd ed. (1992), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI 284 pp.
15. Helander M.L., Neuvonen S., and Ranta H. Ecology of endophytic fungi: effects of anthropogenic environmental changes. In: Redlin S.C., and Carris L.M. (Eds). Endophytic Fungi in Grasses and Woody Plants: Systematics, Ecology, and Evolution (1996), APS Press, St. Paul, MN 197-208
16. Helander M.L., Ranta H., and Neuvonen S. Responses of phyllosphere microfungi to simulated sulphuric and nitric acid deposition. Mycol. Res. 97 (1993) 533-537
17. Helander M.L., Sieber T.N., Petrini O., and Neuvonen S. Endophytic fungi in Scots pine needles: spatial variation and consequences of simulated acid rain. Can. J. Bot. 72 (1994) 1108-1113
18. Hillocks R.J., and Chinodya R. The relationship between Alternaria leaf spot and potassium deficiency causing premature defoliation of cotton. Plant Pathol. 38 (1989) 502-508
19. Huber D.M. The role of mineral nutrition in defense. In: Horsfall J.G., and Cowling E.B. (Eds). Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise vol. 5 (1980), Academic Press, New York 381-406
20. Jacobi W.R., and Riffle J.W. Effects of water stress on Thyronectria canker of honeylocusts. Phytopathology 79 (1989) 1333-1337
21. Johnson M.C., Dahlman D.L., Siegel M.R., Bresh L.P., Latch G.C.M., Potter D.A., and Varney D.R. Insect feeding deterrents in endophyte-infected tall fescue. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49 (1985) 568-571
22. Kauffman C.S., and Haas P.W. Grain amaranth: a crop with low water requirements and high nutritional value. In: Lockeretz W. (Ed). Proceedings of the 4th International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture, Selected Papers. New York, August 1982 (1983), Praeger, Cambridge, MA 299-313
23. Kauffman C.S., and Weber L.E. Grain amaranth. In: Janick J., and Simon J.E. (Eds). Proceedings of the 1st National Symposium on New Crops, Research, Development, Economics. Advances in New Crops. Indianapolis, IN, October 1988 (1990), Timber Press, Portland, OR 127-139
24. Latch G.C.M., Hunt W.F., and Musgrave R.R. Endophyte fungi affect growth of perennial ryegrass. NZ J. Agric. Res. 28 (1985) 165-168
25. Magan N., Kirkwood I.A., McLeod A.R., and Smith M.K. Effect of open-air fumigation with sulphur dioxide and ozone on phyllosphere and endophytic fungi of conifer needles. Plant Cell Environ. 18 (1995) 291-302
26. Petrini O. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. In: Fokkema N.J., Heuvel J., and van den (Eds). Microbiology of the Phyllosphere (1986), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 175-187
27. Petrini O. Ecological and physiological aspects of host specificity in endophytic fungi. In: Redlin S.C., and Carris L.M. (Eds). Endophytic Fungi in Grasses and Woody Plants: Systematics, Ecology, and Evolution (1996), APS Press, St. Paul, MN 87-100
28. Pusey P.L. Influence of water stress on susceptibility of nonwounded peach bark to Botryosphaeria dothidea. Plant Dis. 73 (1989) 1000-1003
29. Rawate P.D. Amaranth (pigweed): a crop to help solve the world protein shortage. In: Lockeretz W. (Ed). Proceedings of the 4th International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture, Selected Papers. Cambridge, MA, August 1982 (1983), Praeger, New York 287-298
30. Redlin S.C., and Carris L.M. Endophytic Fungi in Grasses and Woody Plants: Systematics, Ecology and Evolution (1996), APS Press, St. Paul, MN 223 pp.
31. Rodriguez R.J., and Redman R.S. Fungal life-styles and ecosystem dynamics: biological aspects of plant pathogens, plant endophytes and saprophytes. Adv. Bot. Res. 24 (1997) 169-193
32. Rotem J. The Genus Alternaria: Biology, Epidemiology and Pathogenicity (1994), APS Press, St. Paul, MN 326 pp.
33. Saad S., and Hagedorn D.J. Symptomatology and epidemiology of Alternaria leaf spot of bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathology 59 (1996) 1530-1533
34. Schoeneweiss D.F. Predisposition, stress, and plant disease. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 13 (1975) 193-211
35. Schoeneweiss D.F. The role of environmental stress in diseases of woody plants. Plant Dis. 65 (1981) 308-314
36. Schoeneweiss D.F. Drought predisposition to Cytospora canker in blue spruce. Plant Dis. 67 (1983) 383-385
37. Schulz B., Römmert A.K., Dammann U., and Aust H.J. The endophyte-host interaction: a balanced antagonism?. Mycol Res. 103 (1999) 1275-1283
38. Siegel M.R., Latch G.C.M., and Johnson M.C. Fungal endophytes of grasses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 25 (1987) 293-315
39. Snedecor G.W., and Cochran W.G. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. (1989), Iowa State University 503 pp.
40. Spurr Jr. H.W. Protective application of conidia of nonpathogenic Alternaria sp. isolates for the control of tobacco brown spot disease. Phytopathology 67 (1977) 128-132
41. Swart W.J., Conradie E., Wingfield M.J., and Venter W.B. Effect of water stress on the development of cambial lesions caused by Cryphonectria cubensis on Eucalyptus grandis. Plant Dis. 76 (1992) 744-746
42. The Non-Affiliated Soil Analysis Work Committee. Handbook of Standard Soil Testing Methods (1990), Soil Science Society of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa 146 pp.
43. Tippett J.T., Crombie D.S., and Hill T.C. Effect of phloem water potential on the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Eucalyptus marginata. Phytopathology 77 (1987) 246-250
44. van den Heuvel, J., 1970. Antagonistic effects of epiphytic microorganisms on infection of dwarf bean leaves by Alternaria zinniae. Phytopathol. Lab. Willie Commelin Scholten, Mededeling No. 84, 84 pp.
45. Van Dijk H.F.G., Van Der Gaag M., Perik P.J.M., and Roelofs J.G.M. Nutrient availability in Corsican pine stands in the Netherlands and the occurrence of Sphaeropsis sapinea: a field study. Can. J. Bot. 70 (1992) 870-875
46. Verhoeff K. Latent infection by fungi. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 12 (1974) 99-110
47. Wilson D. Endophyte-the evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition. Oikos 73 (1995) 274-276