Tritium in water electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting

Radiation Measurements

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 68-73

  Plastino, Wolfango ^a   Chereji, Iosif ^b   Cuna, Stela ^b   Kaihola, Lauri ^c   De Felice, Pierino ^d   Lupsa, Nicolae ^b   Balas, Gabriela ^b   Mirel, Valentin ^b   Berdea, Petre ^b   Baciu, Calin ^e  

^a ROMA TRE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISOTOPIC AND MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES   (Romania)

^c PerkinElmer Finland Oy   (Finland)

^d ENEA   (Italy)

^e BABE BOLYAI UNIVERSITY   (Romania)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEUTERIUM; DISTILLATION; ELECTROLYTIC ANALYSIS; FRACTIONATION; SCINTILLATION COUNTERS; WATER;

DEUTERIUM ENRICHMENT FACTOR (EFD); ELECTROLYSIS CELLS; SCINTILLATION COUNTING; TRITIUM ENRICHMENT FACTOR (EFT);

TRITIUM;

EID: 33751438097     PISSN: 13504487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.07.010     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Arpesella C. Background measurements at Gran Sasso Laboratory. Nuclear Phys. B 28A Proc. Suppl (1992) 420-424
2. Bigeleisen, J., 1962. Correlation of tritium and deuterium isotope effects. Tritium in Physical and Biological Sciences. IAEA, Vienna, vol. 1, pp. 161-168.
3. Cameron J.F. A survey of systems for concentration and low background counting of tritium in water. Radioactive Dating and Methods of Low-Level Counting (1967), IAEA, Vienna 543-573
4. Cameron, J.F., Payne, B.R., 1965. Apparatus for concentration and measurement of low tritium activities. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Radiocarbon and Tritium Dating, Washington, pp. 454-464.
5. Chereji, I., 1987. Counting systems for radioactive contaminants with applications to the tritium measurements in gaseous and liquid phase. Ph.D. Thesis, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca.
6. Cook G.T., Passo C.J., and Carter B. Environmental liquid scintillation analysis. In: L'Annunziata M.F. (Ed). Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis (1998), Academic Press, New York 331-386
7. Groeneveld, D.J., 1977. Tritium analysis of environmental waters. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Gröningen.
8. Gröning M., and Rozansky K. Uncertainty assessment of environmental tritium measurements in water. Practitioner's report, Accred. Qual. Assur. 8 (2003) 359-366
9. Gupta, S.K., Polach, H.A., 1985. Radiocarbon Dating Practices at ANU. Hand Book, Radiocarbon Laboratory, Research School of Pacific Studies, ANU, Canberra, pp. 82-99.
10. Kaihola L. Liquid scintillation counting performance using glass vials in the Wallac 1220 Quantulus. In: Ross H., Noakes J.E., and Spauling J.D. (Eds). Liquid Scintillation Counting and Organic Scintillators (1991), Lewis Publishers, Chelsea 495-500
11. Lucas L.L., and Unterweger M.P. Comprehensive review and critical evaluation of the half-life of tritium. J. Res. Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol. 105 (2000) 541-549
12. Neary M.P. Tritium enrichment-to enrich or not to enrich?. Radioact. Radiochem. 8 (1997) 23-35
13. Östlund H.G., and Dorsey H.G. Rapid electrolytic enrichment and hydrogen gas proportional counting of tritium. Proceedings of the International Conference on Low Radioactivity Measurements and Applications (1977), High Tatras, Bratislava
14. Östlund, H.G., Werner, E., 1962. The electrolytic enrichment of tritium and deuterium for natural tritium measurements. Tritium in Physical and Biological Sciences. IAEA, Vienna, vol. 1, pp. 95-104.
15. Plastino W., and Kaihola L. Surface and underground ultra low-level liquid scintillation spectrometry. Radiocarbon 46 (2004) 97-104
16. Plastino W., Kaihola L., Bartolomei P., and Bella F. Cosmic background reduction in the radiocarbon measurements by liquid scintillation spectrometry at underground laboratory of Gran Sasso. Radiocarbon 43 (2001) 157-161
17. Sauzay G., and Schell W.R. Analysis of low level tritium concentration by electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 23 (1972) 25-33
18. Schönhofer F., and Kralik C. Optimisation of liquid scintillation measurements of environmental tritium. Radioact. Radiochem. 10 (1999) 14-17
19. Taylor C.B. Tritium enrichment of environmental waters by electrolysis: development of cathodes exhibiting high isotopic separation and precise measurement of tritium enrichment factors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Low-level Radioactivity Measurements and Applications (1977), High Tatras 131-140
20. Theodorsson P. A review of low-level tritium systems and sensitivity requirements. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 50 (1999) 311-316
21. Unterweger M.P., and Lucas L.L. Calibration of the National Institute of Standards and Technology tritiated-water standards. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 (2000) 527-531
22. Zutshi P.K., and Sas-Hubicky J. A new cathode treatment for the reproducible enrichment of tritium. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 17 (1966) 670-671