Widowhood, gender, and depression: A longitudinal analysis

Research on Aging

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 56-72

  Lee, Gary R ^a   DeMaris, Alfred ^a  

^a BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bereavement; Depression; Gender; Psychological wellbeing; Widowhood

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANTICIPATORY GRIEF; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SURVIVAL TIME; WIDOW;

EID: 33751437164     PISSN: 01640275     EISSN: 15527573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0164027506294098     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bengtson, Vern L., Carolyn Rosenthal, and Linda Burton. 1990. "Families and Aging: Diversity and Heterogeneity". Pp. 263-287 in Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (3rd ed.). edited by Robert H. Binstock and Linda K. George. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
2. Carr, Deborah S. 2004a. "Black/White Differences in Psychological Adjustment to Spousal Loss among Older Adults". Research on Aging 26: 591-622.
3. Carr, Deborah S. 2004b. "The Desire to Date and Remarry among Older Widows and Widowers". Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 1051-1068.
4. Carr, Deborah S. 2004c. "Gender, Preloss Marital Dependence, and Older Adults' Adjustment to Widowhood". Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 220-235.
5. Carr, Deborah S., James S. House, Ronald C. Kessler, Randolph M. Nesse, John Sonnega, and Camille Wortman. 2000. "Marital Quality and Psychological Adjustment to Widowhood among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis". Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 55B: S197 - S207.
6. Chou, KeeLee and Iris Chi. 2000. "Stressful Events and Depressive Symptoms among Old Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 51: 275-293.
7. Clogg, Clifford C., Eva Petkova, and Adamantios Haritou. 1995. "Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients between Models". American Journal of Sociology 100: 1261-1293.
8. Dohrenwend, Barbara S., Larry Krasnoff, Alexander R. Askenasy, and Bruce P. Dohrenwend. 1978. "Exemplification of a Method for Scaling Life Events: The PERI Life Events Scale". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 19: 205-229.
9. Faletti, Martin V., Jennie H. Gibbs, M. Cherie Clark, Rachel A. Pruchno, and Elizabeth A. Berman. 1989. "Longitudinal Course of Bereavement in Older Adults". Pp. 37-51 in Older Bereaved Spouses: Research with Practical Applications, edited by Dale A. Lund. New York: Hemisphere.
10. Farnsworth, Judy, Marjorie A. Pett, and Dale A. Lund. 1989. "Predictors of Loss Management and Well-Being in Later Life Widowhood and Divorce". Journal of Family Issues 10: 102-121.
11. Gallagher, Dolores E., James N. Breckenridge, Larry W. Thompson, and James A. Peterson. 1983. "Effects of Bereavement on Indicators of Mental Health in Elderly Widows and Widowers". Journal of Gerontology 38: 565-571.
12. Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores E., Andrew Futterman, Norman Farberow, Larry W. Thompson, and James A. Peterson. 1993. "The Impact of Spousal Bereavement on Older Widows and Widowers". Pp. 227-239 in Handbook of Bereavement: Theory, Research and Intervention, edited by Margaret S. Stroebe, Wolfgang Stroebe, and Robert O. Hansson. New York: Cambridge University Press.
13. Gove, Walter R. and Hee-Choon Shin. 1989. "The Psychological Well-Being of Divorced and Widowed Men and Women: An Empirical Analysis". Journal of Family Issues 10: 122-144.
14. Harlow, Sioban D., Evelyn L. Goldberg, and George W. Comstock. 1991. "A Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence of Depressive Symptomatology in Elderly Widowed and Married Women". Archives of General Psychiatry 48: 1065-1068.
15. Hawkins, Daniel M. and Alan Booth. 2005. "Unhappily Ever After: Effects of Long-Term Low-Quality Marriages on Well-Being". Social Forces 84: 445-465.
16. Holmes, T. H. and R. H. Rahe. 1967. "The Social Readjustment Rating Scale". Journal of Psychosomatic Research 11: 213-218.
17. Kitson, Gay C. 2000. "Adjustment to Violent and Natural Deaths in Later and Earlier Life for Black and White Widows". Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 55B: S341 - S351.
18. Lee, Gary R., Alfred DeMaris, Stefoni Bavin, and Rachel Sullivan. 2001. "Gender Differences in the Depressive Effect of Widowhood in Later Life". Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 56B: S56 - S61.
19. Lee, Gary R., Marion C. Willetts, and Karen Seccombe. 1998. "Widowhood and Depression: Gender Differences". Research on Aging 21: 611-630.
20. Lichtenstein, Paul, Margaret Gatz, Nancy L. Pedersen, Stig Berg, and Gerald E. McLearn. 1996. "A Co-Twin Control Study of Response to Widowhood". Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 51B: P279 - P289.
21. Lopata, Helena Z. 1996. Current Widowhood: Myths and Realities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Lund, Dale A., Michael S. Caserta, and Margaret F. Dimond. 1993. "The Course of Spousal Bereavement in Later Life". Pp. 240-254 in Handbook of Bereavement: Theory, Research and Intervention, edited by Margaret S. Stroebe, Wolfgang Stroebe, and Robert O. Hansson. New York: Cambridge University Press.
23. Lusyne, Patrick, Hilary Page, and John Lievens. 2001. "Mortality Following Conjugal Bereavement, Belgium 1991-96: The Unexpected Effect of Education". Population Studies 55: 281-289.
24. Marks, Nadine and James Lambert. 1998. "Marital Status Continuity and Change among Young and Midlife Adults: Longitudinal Effects on Psychological Well-Being". Journal of Family Issues 19: 652-687.
25. Marks, Nadine F., James D. Lambert, and Heejeong Choi. 2002. "Transitions to Caregiving, Gender, and Psychological Well-Being: A Prospective U.S. National Study". Journal of Marriage and Family 64: 657-667.
26. Mastekaasa, Arne. 1994. "The Subjective Well-Being of the Previously Married: The Importance of Unmarried Cohabitation and Time Since Widowhood or Divorce". Social Forces 73: 665-692.
27. McCrae, Robert R. and Paul T. Costa, Jr. 1993. "Psychological Resilience among Widowed Men and Women: A 10-year Follow-Up of a National Sample". Pp. 196-207 in Handbook of Bereavement: Theory, Research and Intervention, edited by Margaret S. Stroebe, Wolfgang Stroebe, and Robert O. Hansson. New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Mendes de Leon, C. F., S. V. Kasl, and S. Jacobs. 1994. "A Prospective Study of Widowhood and Changes in Symptoms of Depression in a Community Sample of the Elderly". Psychological Medicine 24: 613-624.
29. Murrell, Stanley A. and Samuel Himmelfarb. 1989. "Effects of Attachment Bereavement and Pre-Event Conditions on Subsequent Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults". Psychology and Aging 4: 166-172.
30. Peters, Arnold, and Aart C. Liefbroer. 1997. "Beyond Marital Status: Partner History and Well-Being in Old Age". Journal of Marriage and the Family 59: 687-699.
31. Radloff, Lenore S. 1977. "The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population". Applied Psychological Measurement 1: 385-401.
32. Ross, Catherine E. and John Mirowsky. 1984. "Components of Depressed Mood in Married Men and Women: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale". American Journal of Epidemiology 119: 997-1004.
33. Ross, Catherine E., John Mirowsky, and Joan Huber. 1983. "Dividing Work, Sharing Work, and In-Between: Marriage Patterns and Depression". American Sociological Review 48: 809-824.
34. Schulz, Richard, Scott R. Beach, Bonnie Lind, Lynn M. Martire, Bozena Zdaniuk, Calvin Hirsch, Sharon Jackson, and Lynda Burton. 2001. "Involvement in Caregiving and Adjustment to Death of a Spouse: Findings from the Caregiver Health Effects Study". JAMA 284 (24). 3123-3129.
35. Schulz, Richard, Aaron B. Mendelsohn, William E. Haley, Diane Mahoney, Rebecca S. Allen, Song Zhang, Larry Thompson, and Steven H. Belle. 2003. "End-of-Life Care and the Effects of Bereavement on Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia". New England Journal of Medicine 349 (20). 1936-1942.
36. Simon, Robin W. 2002. "Revisiting the Relationship among Gender, Marital Status, and Mental Health". American Journal of Sociology 107: 1065-1096.
37. Sonnenberg, C. M., A.T.F. Beekman, D.J.H. Deeg, and W. van Tilburg. 2000. "Sex Differences in Late-Life Depression". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinivica 101: 286-292.
38. Stroebe, Margaret S. and Wolfgang Stroebe. 1987. Bereavement and Health. New York: Cambridge University Press.
39. Stroebe, Margaret S. and Wolfgang Stroebe. 1993. "Determinants of Adjustment to Bereavement in Younger Widows and Widowers". Pp. 208-226 in Handbook of Bereavement: Theory, Research and Intervention, edited by Margaret S. Stroebe, Wolfgang Stroebe, and Robert O. Hansson. New York: Cambridge University Press.
40. Sweet, James A., Larry L. Bumpass, and Vaughn R. A. Call. 1988. The Design and Content of the National Survey of Families and Households (Working Paper NSFH-1). Madison: University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology.
41. Thompson, Larry W., Dolores E. Gallagher, Heidi Cover, Michael Galewski, and James A. Peterson. 1989. "Effects of Bereavement on Symptoms of Psychopathology in Older Men and Women". Pp. 17-24 in Older Bereaved Spouses: Research with Practical Applications, edited by Dale A. Lund. New York: Hemisphere.
42. Umberson, Debra, Camille B. Wortman, and Ronald C. Kessler. 1992. "Widowhood and Depression: Explaining Long-Term Gender Differences in Vulnerability". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 33: 10-24.
43. Umberson, Debra, Kristi Williams, Daniel A. Powers, Hui Liu, and Belinda Needham. 2006. "You Make Me Sick: Marital Quality and Health Over the Life Course". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 47: 1-16.
44. U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002 (122st ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
45. van Grootheest, D. S., A.T.F. Beekman, M. I. Broese van Groenou, and D.J.H. Deeg. 1999. "Sex Differences in Depression After Widowhood: Do Men Suffer More". Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 34: 391-398.
46. van Poppel, Frans and Inez Joung. 2001. "Long-Term Trends in Marital Status Mortality Differences in the Netherlands". Journal of Biosocial Science 33: 279-303.
47. Wheaton, Blair. 1990. "Life Transitions, Role Histories, and Mental Health". American Sociological Review 55: 209-223.
48. Williams, Kristi. 2003. "Has the Future of Marriage Arrived? A Contemporary Examination of Gender, Marriage, and Psychological Well-Being". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 44: 470-487.
49. Zisook, S. and Stephen R. Shuchter. 1991. "Early Psychological Reaction to the Stress of Widowhood". Psychiatry 54: 320-333.