Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 789-812

  Ma, Xue Ping ^a   Becker, Ralph Thomas ^b   Li, Hua ^a   Sun, Yuan Yuan ^a  

^a Peking University   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Brachiopoda; Cyrtospirifer; Devonian; Faunal turnover; Frasnian; South China

Indexed keywords

BRACHIOPOD; DEVONIAN; FAUNA; FRASNIAN; NEW SPECIES; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; HUNAN;

ATRYPIDA; BRACHIOPODA; CONISPIRIFERIDAE; CYRTOSPIRIFER; DESQUAMATIA; PALMATOLEPIS PUNCTATA; PYRAMIDASPIRIFER; RHYNCHONELLIDA; SPIRIFERIDA;

EID: 33751430742     PISSN: 05677920     EISSN: 17322421     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Alekseeva, R.E. 1960. A new subgenus Atrypa (Desquamatia) subgen nov. of the family Atrypidae Gill (brachiopods) [in Russian]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 131: 421-424.
2. Bai, S.-L., Bai, Z.-Q., Ma, X.-P., Wang, D.-R., and Sun, Y.-L. 1994. Devonian Events and Biostratigraphy of South China. 303 pp. Peking University Press, Beijing.
3. Baliński, A. 2006. Brachiopods and their response to the Early-Middle Frasnian biogeochemical perturbations on the South Polish carbonate shelf. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51: 647-678.
4. Baliński, A., Olempska, E., and Racki, G. (eds.) 2002. Biotic responses to the Late Devonian global events. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 186-404.
5. eme série): 129-139.
6. Becker, R.T. and House, M.R. 2000. Late Givetian and Frasnian ammonoid succession at Bou Tchrafine (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco). Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique 39: 27-35.
7. Becker, R.T., Aboussalam, S.Z., Bockwinkel, J., Ebbighausen, V., El Hassani, A., and Nübel, H. 2004. The Givetian and Frasnian at Oued Mzerreb (Tata region, eastern Dra Valley). In: A. El Hassani (ed.), Devonian Neritic-Pelagic Correlation and Events in the Dra Valley (Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Documents de l'Institut Scientifique (Rabat, Morocco) 19: 29-41.
8. Becker, R.T., House, M.R., and Kirchgasser, W.T. 1993. Devonian goniatite biostratigraphy and timing of facies movements in the Frasnian of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. In: E.A. Hailwood and R.B. Kidd (eds.), High Resolution Stratigraphy. Geological Society (London) Special Publication 70: 293-321.
9. Biernat, G. and Szulczewski, M. 1975. The Devonian brachiopod Phlogoiderhynchus polonicus (Roemer, 1866) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 20: 200-221.
10. mesérie) 7: 71-78.
11. Caster, K.E. 1939. A Devonian fauna from Colombia. Bulletin of American Paleontology 24: 1-218.
12. Chen, Y.-R. 1983. Devonian atrypoids (brachiopods) from Longmenshan area, northwestern Sichuan, China [in Chinese]. In: CGQXP Editorial Committee, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (ed.), Contribution to the Geology of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Vol. 2, 265-338. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
13. Chen, Y.-R. 1984. Brachiopods from the Upper Devonian Tuqiaozi Member of the Longmenshan area (Sichuan, China). Palaeontographica A 184: 95-166.
14. Cocks, L.R.M. and Rong, J.Y. 2000. Strophomenida. In: R.L. Kaesler (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H. Brachiopoda revised, Vol. 2, 216-348. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
15. Coleman, P.J. 1951. Atrypa in western Australia. Journal of Paleontology 25: 677-690.
16. Cooper, G.A. and Dutro, J.T. 1982. Devonian brachiopods of New Mexico. Bulletins of American Paleontology 83 and 84: 1-215.
17. Copper, P. 1967. Frasnian Atrypidae (Bergisches Land, Germany). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 126: 116-140.
18. Copper, P. 1978. Devonian atrypids from western and northern Canada. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 18: 289-331.
19. Copper, P. 2002. Atrypida. In: R.L. Kaesler, (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pan H. Brachiopoda revised, vol. 4, 1377-1474. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
20. Dürkoop, A. 1970. Brachiopoden aus dem Silur, Devon und Karbon in Afghanistan (mit einer Stratigraphie des Paläozoikum der Dascht-E-Nawar/ Ost und von Rukh). Palaeontographica A 134: 153-225.
21. Fenton, C.L. 1918. Some new brachiopods and gastropods from the Devonian of Iowa. The American Midland Naturalist 5: 213-224.
22. Frederiks, G. 1924. Paleontological étude. 2. On Upper Carboniferous spiriferids from the Urals [in Russian]. Izvestiâ Geologičeskogo Komiteta 38: 295-324.
23. George, T.N. 1931. Ambocoelia Hall and certain similar British Spiriferidae. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society (London) 87: 30-61.
24. Gill, T. 1871. Arrangement of the families of mollusks prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 227: 1-49.
25. Grabau, A.W. 1931-1933. Devonian Brachiopoda of China, I: Devonian Brachiopoda from Yunnan and other districts in South China. Palaeontologia Sinica, Series B 3 (3): 1-538.
26. Grabau, A.W. 1923-1924. Stratigraphy of China, Part 1, Palaeozoic and Older. 1-200(1923), 201-528 (1924). China Geological Survey, Beijing.
27. Grey, K. 1978. Devonian atrypid brachiopods from the reef complexes of the Canning Basin. Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 5: 1-71.
28. Hall, J. and Clarke, J.M. 1893. An introduction to the study of the genera of Palaeozoic Brachiopoda. Natural History, New York, Palaeontology 8 (2): 1-217.
29. Hall, J. and Whitfield, R.P. 1872. Description of new species of fossils from the Devonian rocks of Iowa. New York State Cabinet of Natural History, Annual Report 23: 223-243.
30. Havlíček, V. 1960. Bericht über die Ergebnisse der Rivision der Böhmischen Altpäozoischen Rhynchonelloidea. Věstník Ústředního, ústavu geologického 35: 241-244.
31. Hou, H.-F. (ed.) 1988. Devonian Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Sedimentary Facies of Longmenshan, Sichuan [in Chinese with English summary]. 487 pp. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
32. Hou, H.-F. 2000. Devonian stage boundaries in Guangxi and Hunan, South China. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 225: 285-298.
33. Hou, H.-F. and Wang, S.-T. (eds.) 1988. Stratigraphy of China, No. 7: The Devonian System of China [in Chinese]. 348 pp. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
34. House, M.R. 2002. Strength, timing, setting and cause of mid-Palaeozoic extinctions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181: 5-25.
35. House, M.R. and Kirchgasser, W.T. 1993. Devonian goniatite biostratigraphy and timing of facies movements in the Frasnian of eastern North America. In: E.A. Hailwood and R.B. Kidd (eds.), High Resolution Stratigraphy. Geological Society (London) Special Publication 70: 267-292.
36. House, M.R., Menner, V.V., Becker, R.T., Klapper, G., Ovnatanova, N.S., and Kuzmin, V. 2000. Reef episodes, anoxia and sea-level changes in the Frasnian of the southern Timan (NE Russian platform). In: E. Insalaco, P.W. Skelton, and T.J. Palmer (eds.), Carbonate Platform Systems: Components and Interactions. Geological Society (London) Special Publication 178: 147-176.
37. Ivanova, E.A. 1959. To systematics and evolution of spiriferids (Brachiopoda) [in Russian]. Paleontologičeskij žurnal 1959 (4): 47-63.
38. Ji, Q. 1986. Conodonts [in Chinese with English summary]. In: H.-F. Hou, Q. Ji, S.-Y. Xian, and J.-X. Wang, Middle-Upper Devonian Boundary in Maanshan of Xiangzhou, Guangxi, 18-50. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
39. Ji, Q. 1989. On the Frasnian conodont biostratigraphy in the Guilin area of Guangxi, South China. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 117: 303-319.
40. Ji, Q. 1994. On the Frasnian-Famennian extinction event in South China as viewed in the light of conodont study [in Chinese with English abstract]. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology 24: 79-107.
41. Johnson, J.G. 1971. Lower Givetian brachiopods from central Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 45: 301-326.
42. Kayser, E. 1883. Devonische Versteinerungen aus dem sudwestlichen China. In: F.P.W. von Richthofen (ed.), China, Vol. 4, 75-102. D. Reimer, Berlin.
43. Kelus, A. von 1939. Devonische Brachiopoden und Korallen der Umgebung von Pelcza in Volhynien. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Biuletyn 8: 1-51.
44. King, W. 1846. Remarks on certain genera belonging to the class Palliobranchiata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 1) 18: 26-42, 83-94.
45. Klapper, G. 1989. The Montagne Noire Frasnian (Upper Devonian) conodont succession. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 14 (3): 451-470.
46. Klapper, G. 1997. Graphic correlation of Frasnian (Upper Devonian) sequences in Montagne Noire, France, and western Canada. In: G. Klapper, M.A. Murphy, and J.A. Talent (eds.), Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, and Biogeography: Studies in Honor of J. Granville ("Jess") Johnson. Geological Society of America Special Paper 321: 113-129.
47. Ku, C.W. 1949. Devonian stratigraphy of the Poshi area, with a special discussion on the stratigraphical position of the Devonian fish-bearing series of eastern Yunnan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 29: 75-84.
48. Kuang, G.-D. 1989. Chronostratigraphy [in Chinese]. In: Kuang G.-D., Zhao M.-T., and Tao Y.-B. (eds.), The Standard Devonian Section of China: Liujing Section of Guangxi, 66-79. China University of Geolsciences Press, Wuhan.
49. Kuang, G.-D. and Chi, Y.-Y 1989. Coral biostratigraphy [in Chinese]. In: Kuang G.-D., Zhao M.-T., and Tao Y.-B. (eds.), The Standard Devonian Section of China: Liujing Section of Guangxi, 3742. China University of Geolsciences Press, Wuhan.
50. Kuhn, O. 1949. Lehrbuch der Paläozoologie. 326 pp. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
51. Liao, W.-H. 1977. On the Middle and Upper Devonian boundary by tetracorals in Dushan district, southern Guizhou [in Chinese with English abstract]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 16: 37-52.
52. Liao, W.-H., Xu, H.-K., Wang, C.-Y., Cai, C.-Y., Ruan, Y.-P., Mu, D.-C., and Lu, L.-C. 1979. On some basic Devonian sections in Ssouthwestern China [in Chinese]. In: Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (ed.), Carbonate Biostratigraphy in Southwestern Regions, 221-249. Science Press, Beijing.
53. Liao, W.-H., Xu, H.-K., Wang, C.-Y., Ruan, Y.-P., Cai, C.-Y., Mu, D.-C., and Lu, L.-C. 1978. Subdivision and correlation of the Devonian strata in southwestern China [in Chinese]. In: Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (ed.), Symposium on the Devonian System of South China, 193-213. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
54. Ma, X.-P. and Day, J. 2000. Revision of Tenticospirifer Tien, 1938, and similar spiriferid brachiopod genera from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) of Eurasia, North America, and Australia. Journal of Paleontology 74: 444-463.
55. Ma, X-P. and Day, J. 2003. Revision of selected North American and Eurasian Late Devonian (Frasnian) species of Cyrtospirifer and Regelia (Brachiopoda). Journal of Paleontology 77: 267-292.
56. Ma, X.-P. and Day, J. (in press). Morphology and revision of Late Devonian (Early Famennian) Cyrtospirifer (Brachiopoda) and related genera from South China and North America. Journal of Paleontology.
57. Ma, X.-P. and Sun, Y.L. 2001. Small-sized cyrtospiriferids from the Upper Devonian (late Frasnian) of central Hunan, China. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 46: 161-168.
58. Ma, X.-P., Bai, Z.-Q., Sun, Y.-L., Zhang, Y.-B., and Wang, J.-H. 2004. Lithologic and biostratigraphic aspects of the Shetianqiao section, the stratotype section for the Upper Devonian Shetianqiao Stage of China [in Chinese with English abstract]. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology 28: 89-110.
59. Ma, X.-P., Chen, X.-Q., Day, J., and Jin, Y.-G. 2003. Revision of the Chinese Upper Devonian cyrtospiriferid brachiopod genus Sinospirifer Grabau, 1931. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 42: 367-381.
60. Ma, X.-P., Copper, P., Sun, Y.-L, and Liao, W.-H. 2005. Atrypid brachiopods from the Upper Devonian Wangchengpo Formation (Frasnian) of southern Guizhou, China - Extinction patterns in the Frasnian of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 79: 437-452.
61. Ma, X.-P., Sun, Y.-L., Bai, Z.-Q., and Wang, S.-Q. 2004. New Aadvances in the study of the Upper Devonian Frasnian of the Shetianqiao section, central Hunan, south China [in Chinese with English abstract]. Journal of Stratigraphy 28: 369-374.
62. Ma, X.-P., Sun, Y.-L., Hao, W.-C., and Liao, W.-H. 2002. Rugose corals and brachiopods across the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in central Hunan, South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 373-396.
63. Mansuy, H. 1912. Étude géologique du Yun-Nan oriental, pt. 2, Paléontologie. Mémoires du Service Géologique de l'Indochine 1 (2): 1-146.
64. Martelli, A. 1902. Il Devoniano superiore dello Schensi (Cina). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana 21: 349-370.
65. McGhee, G.R. 2001. The "multiple impacts hypothesis" for mass extinction - a comparison of the Late Devonian possibility with the late Eocene reality. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 176: 47-58.
66. Morrow, J.R., Sandberg, C.A., Warme, J.E., and Juehner, H.-C. 1998. Regional and possible global effects of sub-critical Late Devonian Alamo Impact Event, Southern Nevada, USA. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 51: 451-460.
67. Nalivkin, D.V. 1925. The group of Spirifer anossofi Verneuil in the Devonian of the European part of the USSR [in Russian]. Zapiski Rossijskogo Mineralogičeskogo Obŝestva 54: 267-358.
68. Öpik, A.A. 1934. Über Klitamboniten. Universitatis Tartuensis (Dorpatensis) Acta et Commentationes (series A) 26: 1-239.
69. Phillips, J. 1841. Figures and descriptions of the Palaeozoic Fossils of Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset. Geological Survey of Great Britain, Memoirs (London) 1: 1-231.
70. Racki, G. 2005. Toward understanding Late Devonian global events: few answers, many questions. In: D.J. Over, J.R. Morrow, and P.B. Wignall (eds.), Understanding Late Devonian and Permian-Triassic Biotic and Climatic Events: Towards an Integrated Approach, 5-36. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam.
71. Racki, G. and House, M.R. (eds.) 2002. Late Devonian biotic crisis: ecological, depositional and geochemical records. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181: 1-374.
72. Racki, G., Piechota, A., Bond, D., and Wignall, P.B. 2004. Geochemical and ecological aspects of lower Frasnian pyrite-ammonoid level at Kostomłoty (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). Geological Quarterly 48: 267-282.
73. Roberts, J. 1971. Devonian and Carboniferous brachiopods from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, northwestern Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 122: 1-319.
74. Rzhonsnitskaya, M.A. 1956. Systematization of Rhynchonellida. In: E. Guzmán and others (eds.), Resumenes de Los Trabajos Presentados. International Geological Congress, Mexico, Report 20: 125-126.
75. Rzhonsnitskaya, M.A. [Ržonsnickaâ, M.A.] 1960, Order Atrypida [in Russian]. In: Û.A. Orlov (ed.), Osnovy paleontologii; T.G. Saryčeva (asst. ed.), Vol. 7, Mšanki, brahiopody, 257-264. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moskva.
76. Rzhonsnitskaya, M.A. [Ržonsnickaâ, M.A.] 1964. On Devonian atrypids of the Kuznetsk Basin, paleontology and stratigraphy [in Russian]. Trudy VSEGEI, Novaâ Seriâ 93: 91-112.
77. Sandberg, C.A., Ziegler, W., and Bultynck, P. 1989. New standard conodont zones and early Ancyrodella phylogeny across Middle-Upper Devonian boundary. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 110: 195-230.
78. Sartenaer, P. 1966. Frasnian Rhynchonellida from the Ozbak-Kuh and Tabas Regions (east Iran). Geological Survey of Iran, Report 6: 25-53.
79. Sartenaer, P. 1970. Nouveaux genres Rhynchonellides (Brachiopodes) du Paléozo-dsique. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bulletin 46 (32): 1-32.
80. Sartenaer, P. 1980. Appartenance de l'espèce Terebratula formosa de l'Effel an genre Phlogoiderhynchus du debut du Frasnien. Senckenbergiana lethaea 61: 17-43.
81. Sartenaer, P. 1985. The biostratigraphical significance of rhynchonellid genera at the Givetian-Frasnian boundary. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 75: 311-317.
82. Sartenaer, P. and Xu, H.-K. 1991. Two new rhynchonellid (brachiopod) species from the Frasnian Shetienchiao Formation of central Hunan, China. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 61: 123-133.
83. Savage, N.M., Manceñido, M.O., Owen, E.F., and Dagys, A.S. 2002. Pugnacoidea. In: R.L. Kaesler (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H. Brachiopoda revised, Vol, 4, 1164-4218. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
84. Schuchert, C. and LeVene, C.M. 1929. Brachiopoda (generum et genotyporum index et bibliographia). In: J.F. Pompeckj (ed.), Fossilium Catalogus, Vol. I: Animalia, Pars 42, 1-140. W. Junk, Berlin.
85. Stainbrook, M.A. 1951. Substitution for the pre-occupied brachiopod name Hystricina. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(6):196.
86. Tan, Z.-X., Dong, Z.-C., and Tang, X.-S. 1987. On the Qiziqiao Limestone. Journal of Stratigraphy 11: 77-90.
87. Termier, H. and Termier, G. 1949. Essai sur l'évolution des Spiriféridés. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique (Rabat) 74: 85-112.
88. Tien, C.C. 1938. Devonian Brachiopoda of Hunan. Palaeontologia Sinica, new series B 4: 1-192.
89. Veevers, J.J. 1959a. Devonian brachiopods from the Fitzroy Basin, western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin 45: 1-220.
90. Veevers, J.J. 1959b. The type species of Productella, Emanuella, Crurithyris and Ambocoelia (Brachiopoda). Journal of Paleontology 33: 902-908.
91. Verneuil, E. de 1845. Paléontologie, mollusques, brachiopodes. In: R.I. Murchison, E. de Verneuil, and A. Keyserling (eds.), Géologie de la Russie d'Europe et des Montagnes de l'Oural. Vol. 2, Part 3: Paléontologie, 17-395. John Murray, London.
92. Waagen, W.H. 1883. Salt Range fossils, Part 4 (2) Brachiopoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 13 1 (2): 391-546.
93. Walliser, O.H. 1996. Global events in the Devonian and Carboniferous. In: O.H. Walliser (ed.), Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic, 225-250. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
94. Wang, G.-P., Liu, Q.-Z., Jin, Y.-G., Hu, S.-Z., Liang, W.-P., and Liao, Z.-T. 1982. Brachiopoda [in Chinese]. In: Nanjing Institute of Geology (ed.), Paleontological Atlas of Eastern China 2 - Late Paleozoic Volume, 186-256. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
95. Wang, Y. 1956. New species of brachiopods (1). Scientia Sinica 5: 157-176. (The Chinese version first published in Acta Palaeonlologica Sinica 4: 1-24, 1956).
96. Wang. Y., Jin, Y.-G., Fang, D.-W. 1964. Brachiopod Fossils of China, Vol. 1 and 2 [in Chinese]. 777 pp. Science Press, Beijing.
97. Wang. Y., Yu, C.-M. 1962. The Devonian of China (in Chinese]. 140 pp. Science Press, Beijing.
98. Williams, A. 1965. Suborder Strophomenidina. In: R.C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H (1), 362-412. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, New York and Lawrence.
99. Wu, Y., Yin, B.-A., Liang, Y.-L. 1992. Biostrafigraphy [in Chinese]. In: Zhong K., Wu Y., Yin B.-A., Liang Y.-L, Yao Z.G., and Peng J.-L. (eds.), Devonian of Guangxi [in Chinese with English abstract], 212-255. The Press of the China University of Geosciences, Wuhan.
100. Xian, S.-Y., Bai, S.-L., Jin, S.-Y, Wang, S.-T, and Hou, H.-F. 1988. Regional stratigraphy of South China Region [in Chinese]. In: Hou H.-F. and Wang S.-T. (eds.), Stratigraphy of China, No. 7: The Devonian System of China, 120-186. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
101. Xiong, J.-F., Qian, Y.-Z., Tian, C.-R., and Ji, Q. 1988. Conodont biostratigraphy [in Chinese]. In: Hou H.-F. (ed.), Devonian Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Sedimentary Facies of Longmenshan, Sichuan, 36-46. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
102. Xu, Q.J., Wan, Z.-Q., and Chen, Y.-R. 1978. Brachiopoda [in Chinese]. In: Xinan Institute of Geological Sciences (ed.), Palaeontological Atlas of Southwestern China, Sichuan, Vol. 1, 284-381. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
103. Yans, J., Corfield, R.M., Racki, G., and Préat, A. (in press). Evidence for perturbation of the carbon cycle in the Middle Frasnian punciata Zone (Late Devonian). Geological Magazine.
104. Yu. C.-M. and Kuang, G.-D. 1982. Late Middle Devonian Rugosa, Liujing, Heng Xian, Guangxi, and paleoecologic importance. Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica 4: 241-278.
105. Yu, C.-M., Xu, H.-K., Peng, J., Xiao, S.-T., and Liu, Z.-H. 1990. Devonian stratigraphy, palaeogeography and mineral resources in Hunan. Palaeontologia Cathayana 5: 85-138.
106. Yunnan compiling group for regional stratigraphic chart (ed.) 1978. Regional Stratigraphic Chart of Southwestern China (Yunnan Volume) [in Chinese]. 438 pp. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
107. Zhao, M.-T. 1989. Description of the section [In Chinese]. In: Kuang G.-D, Zhao M.-T, and Tao Y.-B. (eds.), The Standard Devonian Section of China: Liujing Section of Guangxi, 4-13. China University of Geolsciences Press, Wuhan.
108. Zhong, K., Wu, Y., Yin. B.-A., Liang, Y.-L., Yao, Z.-G., and Peng, J.-L. 1992. Devonian of Guangxi [in Chinese with English abstract]. 384 pp. The Press of the China University of Geosciences, Wuhan.
109. Ziegler, W. and Sandberg, C.A. 1990. The Late Devonian standard conodont zonation. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 121: 1-115.
110. Ziegler, W. and Sandberg, C.A. 2001. Utility of palmatolepids and icriodontids in recognizing Upper Devonian series, stage, and possible substage boundaries. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 225: 335-347.