Dry bias in satellite-derived clear-sky water vapor and its contribution to longwave cloud radiative forcing

Journal of Climate

Volumn 19, Issue 21, 2006, Pages 5570-5580

  Sohn, Byung Ju ^a   Schmetz, Johannes ^b   Stuhlmann, Rolf ^b   Lee, Joo Young ^a  

^a Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^b European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CLOUDS; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT; MOISTURE; UPPER ATMOSPHERE; WEATHER SATELLITES;

CLEAR-SKY FLUX; CLOUD CONTAMINATION; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; WATER VAPOR DISTRIBUTION;

CLIMATOLOGY;

CLEAR SKY; LONGWAVE RADIATION; RADIATIVE FORCING; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 33751421060     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3948.1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Allan, R. P., and M. A. Ringer, 2003: Inconsistencies between satellite estimates of longwave cloud forcing and dynamical fields from reanalyses. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1491, doi:10.1029/2003GL1017019.
2. Allan, R. P., M. A. Ringer, and A. Slingo, 2003: Evaluation of moisture in the Hadley Centre climate model using simulations of HIRS water-vapour channel radiances. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3371-3389.
3. Allan, R. P., M. A. Ringer, J. A. Pamment, and A. Slingo, 2004: Simulation of the Earth's radiation budget for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year analysis (ERA40). J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18107, doi:10.1029/2004JD004816.
4. Barkstrom, B., and Coauthors, 1989: Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) archival and April 1985 results. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 1254-1262.
5. Bony, S., K.-M. Lau, and Y. C. Sud, 1997: Sea surface temperature and large-scale circulation influences an tropical greenhouse effect and cloud radiative forcing. J. Climate, 10, 2055-2077.
6. Cess, R. D., G. L. Potter, W. L. Gates, J.-J. Morcrette, and L. Corsetti, 1992: Comparison of general circulation models to Earth Radiation Budget Experiment data: Computation of clear-sky fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20 421-20 426.
7. Chung, E. S., B. J. Sohn, and V. Ramanathan, 2004: Moistening processes in the upper troposphere by deep convection: A case study over the tropical Indian Ocean. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 959-965.
8. Collins, W. D., and A. K. Inamdar, 1995: Validation of clear-sky fluxes for tropical oceans from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. J. Climate, 8, 569-578.
9. Fasullo, J., and D.-J. Sun, 2001: Radiative sensitivity to water vapor under all-sky conditions. J. Climate, 14, 2798-2807.
10. Harshvardhan, D. Randall, T. G. Corsetti, and D. A. Dazlich, 1989: Earth radiation budget and cloudiness simulations with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1922-1942.
11. Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, and S. A. Clough, 2003: Evaluation of upper tropospheric water vapor in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3) using modeled and observed HIR radiances. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4037, doi:10.1029/2002JD002539.
12. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer.. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
13. Kiehl, J. T., 1994: On the observed near cancellation between longwave and shortwave cloud forcing in tropical regions. J. Climate, 7, 559-565.
14. Klenk, K. F., P. K. Bhartia, E. Hilsenrath, and A. J. Fleig, 1983: Standard ozone profile from balloon and satellite data sets. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 2012-2022.
15. Lanzante, J. R., and G. E. Gahrs, 2000: The "clear-sky bias" of TOVS upper-tropospheric humidity. J. Climate, 13, 4034-4041.
16. Manabe, S., and R. T. Wetherald, 1967: Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 241-259.
17. McClatchey, R. A., R. W. Fenn, J. E. A. Selby, F. E. Volz, and J. S. Garing, 1972: Optical properties of the atmosphere. 3d ed. AFCRL-72-0497, AD 753075, Air Farce Geophysical Laboratory, L.G. Hanscom Field, MA, 108 pp.
18. Pierrehumbert, R. T., and R. Roca, 1998: Evidence for control of Atlantic subtropical humidity by large scale advection. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4537-4540.
19. Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E. Ahmad, and D. Hartmann, 1989: Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science, 243, 57-63.
20. Ramanathan, V., and Coauthors, 2001: The Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated assessment of the climate forcing and effects of the Great Indo-Asian haze. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28 371-28 399.
21. Roca, R., S. Louvet, L. Picon, and M. Desbois, 2005: A study of convective systems, water vapor and top of the atmosphere cloud radiative forcing over the Indian Ocean using INSAT-1B and ERBE data. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 90, 49-65.
22. Rossow, W., and R. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2-20.
23. Schmetz, J., C. Geijo, W. P. Menzel, K. Strabala, L. van de Berg, K. Holmlund, and S. Tjemkes, 1995: Satellite observations of upper tropospheric relative humidity, clouds and wind field divergence. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 68, 345-357.
24. Schmetz, J., B. J. Sohn, M. König, H. J. Lutz, and R. Stuhlmann, 2002: "Background" upper tropospheric hunidity and the greenhouse effect observed from satellite. Proc. 2002 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conf., EUM P 36, Dublin, Ireland, EUMETSAT, 609-616.
25. Slingo, A., J. A. Pamment, and M. J. Webb, 1998: A 15-year simulation of the clear-sky greenhouse effect using the ECMWF reanalyses: Fluxes and comparisons with ERBE. J. Climate, 11, 690-708.
26. Smith, E. A., and L. Shi, 1992: Surface forcing of the infrared cooling profile over the Tibetan Plateau. Part I: Influence of relative longwave radiative forcing at high latitude. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 805-822.
27. Soden, B. J., and R. Fu, 1995: A satellite analysis of deep convection, upper tropospheric humidity, and the greenhouse effect. J. Climate, 8, 2333-2351.
28. Soden, B. J., and J. R. Lanzante, 1996: An assessment of satellite and radiosonde climatologies of upper-tropospheric water vapor. J. Climate, 9, 1235-1250.
29. Sohn, B. J., 1994: Temperature-moisture biases in ECMWF analyses based on clear-sky longwave simulations constrained by SSM/I and MSU measurements and comparisons to ERBE estimates. J. Climate, 7, 1707-1718.
30. Sohn, B. J., 1999: Cloud-induced infrared radiative heating and its implications for large-scale tropical circulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2657-2672.
31. Sohn, B. J., and J. Schmetz, 2004: Water vapor induced OLR variations associated with high cloud changes. over the Tropics: A study from Meteosat-5 observations. J. Climate, 17, 1987-1996.
32. Sohn, B. J., J, Schmetz, S. Tjemkes, M. Koenig, A. Arriaga, and E. S. Chung, 2000: Intercalibration of the Meteosat-7 water vapor channel with SSM/T-2. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15 673-15 680.
33. Sohn, B. J., E. S. Chung, J. Schmetz, and E. A. Smith, 2003: Estimating upper tropospheric water vapor from SSM/T-2 measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 488-504.
34. Udelhofen, P., and D. L. Hartmann, 1995: Influence of tropical convective cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7423-7440.
35. van de Berg, L., A. Pyomjamsri, and J. Schmetz, 1991: Monthly mean upper-tropospheric humidities in cloud-free areas from METEOSAT observations. Int. J. Climatol., 11, 819-826.
36. Weaver, C. P., W. D. Collins, and H. Grassl, 1994: Relationship between clear-sky atmospheric greenhouse effect and deep convection during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment: Model calculations and satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25 891-25 901.
37. Wielicki, B. A., and R. N. Green, 1989: Cloud identification for ERBE radiative flux retrieval. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1133-1146.
38. Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, E. F. Harrison, R. B. Lee III, G, L. Smith, and J. E. Cooper, 1996: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth Observing System experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 853-868.