메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 145, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 402-424

A review of studies performed to assess metal uptake by earthworms

Author keywords

Accumulation; Earthworms; Kinetics; Metals; Toxicity; Uptake

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEMS; METALS; SOIL POLLUTION; SOILS; TOXIC MATERIALS;

EID: 33751404854     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (268)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 0011078948 scopus 로고
    • The eradication of an earthworm genus by heavy metals in southern France
    • Abdul Rida A.M.M., and Bouché M.B. The eradication of an earthworm genus by heavy metals in southern France. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2 (1995) 45-52
    • (1995) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 45-52
    • Abdul Rida, A.M.M.1    Bouché, M.B.2
  • 2
    • 0342710363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal linkages with mineral, organic and living soil compartments
    • Abdul Rida A.M.M., Motalib A.M., and Bouché M.B. Heavy metal linkages with mineral, organic and living soil compartments. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 (1997) 649-655
    • (1997) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.29 , pp. 649-655
    • Abdul Rida, A.M.M.1    Motalib, A.M.2    Bouché, M.B.3
  • 3
    • 33751400764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arnold, R.E., 2005. Earthworm-Cu interactions. Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of Reading.
  • 4
    • 0348129519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a methodology to investigate the importance of chemical speciation on the bioavailability of contaminants to Eisenia andrei
    • Arnold R.E., Langdon C.J., Hodson M.E., and Black S. Development of a methodology to investigate the importance of chemical speciation on the bioavailability of contaminants to Eisenia andrei. Pedobiologia 43 (2003) 633-639
    • (2003) Pedobiologia , vol.43 , pp. 633-639
    • Arnold, R.E.1    Langdon, C.J.2    Hodson, M.E.3    Black, S.4
  • 5
    • 0018829115 scopus 로고
    • Lead, cadmium, copper and iron in earthworms from roadside sites
    • Ash C.P.J., and Lee D.L. Lead, cadmium, copper and iron in earthworms from roadside sites. Environ. Pollut. 22 (1980) 59-67
    • (1980) Environ. Pollut. , vol.22 , pp. 59-67
    • Ash, C.P.J.1    Lee, D.L.2
  • 7
    • 0022707405 scopus 로고
    • Effects of metal pollution on the earthworm Dendrobaena rubida (Sav.) in acidified soils
    • Bengtsson G., Gunnardsson T., and Rundgren S. Effects of metal pollution on the earthworm Dendrobaena rubida (Sav.) in acidified soils. Water Air Soil Pollut. 28 (1985) 361-383
    • (1985) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.28 , pp. 361-383
    • Bengtsson, G.1    Gunnardsson, T.2    Rundgren, S.3
  • 8
    • 0020625871 scopus 로고
    • Population density and tissue metal concentration of lumbricids in forest soils near a brass mill
    • Bengtsson G., Nordstrom S., and Rundgren S. Population density and tissue metal concentration of lumbricids in forest soils near a brass mill. Environ. Pollut. 30 (1983) 87-108
    • (1983) Environ. Pollut. , vol.30 , pp. 87-108
    • Bengtsson, G.1    Nordstrom, S.2    Rundgren, S.3
  • 9
    • 0023159280 scopus 로고
    • A survey of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, As and Se in earthworms and soil from diverse sites
    • Beyer W.N., and Cromartie E.J. A survey of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, As and Se in earthworms and soil from diverse sites. Environ. Monit. Assess. 8 (1987) 27-36
    • (1987) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.8 , pp. 27-36
    • Beyer, W.N.1    Cromartie, E.J.2
  • 10
    • 0023165059 scopus 로고
    • Relation of pH and other soil variables to concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Se in earthworms
    • Beyer W.N., Hensler G., and Moore J. Relation of pH and other soil variables to concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Se in earthworms. Pedobiologia 30 (1987) 167-172
    • (1987) Pedobiologia , vol.30 , pp. 167-172
    • Beyer, W.N.1    Hensler, G.2    Moore, J.3
  • 12
    • 0034490377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of soil organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interactions with other edaphic functional domains
    • Brown G.G., Barois I., and Lavelle P. Regulation of soil organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interactions with other edaphic functional domains. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 36 (2000) 177-198
    • (2000) Eur. J. Soil Biol. , vol.36 , pp. 177-198
    • Brown, G.G.1    Barois, I.2    Lavelle, P.3
  • 13
    • 0029566902 scopus 로고
    • The effect of sublethal lead-exposure on the ultrastructure and on the distribution of acid-phosphatase-activity in chloragocytes of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta)
    • Cancio I., Gwynn I., Ireland M.P., and Cajaraville M.P. The effect of sublethal lead-exposure on the ultrastructure and on the distribution of acid-phosphatase-activity in chloragocytes of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Histochem. J. 27 (1995) 965-973
    • (1995) Histochem. J. , vol.27 , pp. 965-973
    • Cancio, I.1    Gwynn, I.2    Ireland, M.P.3    Cajaraville, M.P.4
  • 14
    • 0036923944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of earthworms on Zn fractionation in soils
    • Cheng J., and Wong M.H. Effects of earthworms on Zn fractionation in soils. Biol. Fertil. Soils 36 (2002) 72-78
    • (2002) Biol. Fertil. Soils , vol.36 , pp. 72-78
    • Cheng, J.1    Wong, M.H.2
  • 15
    • 0027182059 scopus 로고
    • Sperm count in earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as a biomarker for environmental toxicology: effects of cadmium and chlordane
    • Cikutovic M.A., Fitzpatrick L.C., Venables B.J., and Goven A.J. Sperm count in earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as a biomarker for environmental toxicology: effects of cadmium and chlordane. Environ. Pollut. 81 (1993) 123-125
    • (1993) Environ. Pollut. , vol.81 , pp. 123-125
    • Cikutovic, M.A.1    Fitzpatrick, L.C.2    Venables, B.J.3    Goven, A.J.4
  • 16
    • 0033860825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of surrogate measures of cadmium, lead, and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida
    • Conder J.M., and Lanno R.P. Evaluation of surrogate measures of cadmium, lead, and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida. Chemosphere 41 (2000) 1659-1668
    • (2000) Chemosphere , vol.41 , pp. 1659-1668
    • Conder, J.M.1    Lanno, R.P.2
  • 17
    • 0036771745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method for determining toxicologically relevant cadmium residues in the earthworm Eisenia fetida
    • Conder J.M., Seals L.D., and Lanno R.P. Method for determining toxicologically relevant cadmium residues in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Chemosphere 49 (2002) 1-7
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.49 , pp. 1-7
    • Conder, J.M.1    Seals, L.D.2    Lanno, R.P.3
  • 18
    • 0025919134 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of heavy metals from polluted soils by the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus: can laboratory exposure of 'control' worms reduce biomonitoring problems?
    • Corp N., and Morgan A.J. Accumulation of heavy metals from polluted soils by the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus: can laboratory exposure of 'control' worms reduce biomonitoring problems?. Environ. Pollut. 74 (1991) 39-52
    • (1991) Environ. Pollut. , vol.74 , pp. 39-52
    • Corp, N.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 19
    • 0342426758 scopus 로고
    • Turnover of cobalt-60 by earthworms (Eisenia foetida) (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta)
    • Crossley Jr. D.A., Blood E.R., Hendrix P.F., and Seastedt T.R. Turnover of cobalt-60 by earthworms (Eisenia foetida) (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta). Appl. Soil Ecol. 2 (1995) 71-75
    • (1995) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 71-75
    • Crossley Jr., D.A.1    Blood, E.R.2    Hendrix, P.F.3    Seastedt, T.R.4
  • 21
    • 0003108585 scopus 로고
    • Gut load, transit time, gut microflora and turnover of soil, plant and fungal material by some tropical earthworms
    • Dash H.K., Beura B., and Dash M.C. Gut load, transit time, gut microflora and turnover of soil, plant and fungal material by some tropical earthworms. Pedobiologia 29 (1986) 13-20
    • (1986) Pedobiologia , vol.29 , pp. 13-20
    • Dash, H.K.1    Beura, B.2    Dash, M.C.3
  • 22
    • 0037209675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of time on lead toxicity and bioaccumulation determined by the OECD earthworm toxicity test
    • Davies N.A., Hodson M.E., and Black S. The influence of time on lead toxicity and bioaccumulation determined by the OECD earthworm toxicity test. Environ. Pollut. 121 (2003) 55-61
    • (2003) Environ. Pollut. , vol.121 , pp. 55-61
    • Davies, N.A.1    Hodson, M.E.2    Black, S.3
  • 23
    • 0037209678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the OECD acute worm toxicity test environmentally relevant? The effect of mineral form on calculated lead toxicity
    • Davies N.A., Hodson M.E., and Black S. Is the OECD acute worm toxicity test environmentally relevant? The effect of mineral form on calculated lead toxicity. Environ. Pollut. 121 (2003) 49-54
    • (2003) Environ. Pollut. , vol.121 , pp. 49-54
    • Davies, N.A.1    Hodson, M.E.2    Black, S.3
  • 24
    • 0242528507 scopus 로고
    • Extended water starvation: an improved method for sample preparation of lumbricidae in ecotoxicological studies
    • Denneman W.D. Extended water starvation: an improved method for sample preparation of lumbricidae in ecotoxicological studies. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 348 (1994) 684-687
    • (1994) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. , vol.348 , pp. 684-687
    • Denneman, W.D.1
  • 25
    • 0032005102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bioavailability of copper and mercury to the common nettle (Urtica dioica) and the earthworm Eisenia fetida from contaminated dredge spoil
    • Edwards S.C., MacLeod C.L., and Lester J.N. The bioavailability of copper and mercury to the common nettle (Urtica dioica) and the earthworm Eisenia fetida from contaminated dredge spoil. Water Air Soil Pollut. 102 (1998) 75-90
    • (1998) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.102 , pp. 75-90
    • Edwards, S.C.1    MacLeod, C.L.2    Lester, J.N.3
  • 26
    • 0029666573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative toxicity in earthworms Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris exposed to cadmium nitrate using artificial soil and filter paper protocols
    • Fitzpatrick L.C., Muratti-Ortiz J.F., Venables B.J., and Goven A.J. Comparative toxicity in earthworms Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris exposed to cadmium nitrate using artificial soil and filter paper protocols. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 57 (1996) 63-68
    • (1996) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.57 , pp. 63-68
    • Fitzpatrick, L.C.1    Muratti-Ortiz, J.F.2    Venables, B.J.3    Goven, A.J.4
  • 27
    • 0344514830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublethal soil copper concentrations increase mortality in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa during drought
    • Friis K., Damgaard C., and Holmstrup M. Sublethal soil copper concentrations increase mortality in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa during drought. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 57 (2004) 65-73
    • (2004) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.57 , pp. 65-73
    • Friis, K.1    Damgaard, C.2    Holmstrup, M.3
  • 28
    • 0027796638 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation and elimination of cadmium, chromium and zinc and effects on growth and reproduction in Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta; Annelida)
    • van Gestel C.A.M., Dirven-van Breemen E.M., and Baerselman R. Accumulation and elimination of cadmium, chromium and zinc and effects on growth and reproduction in Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta; Annelida). Sci. Total Environ. Suppl. (1993) 585-591
    • (1993) Sci. Total Environ. Suppl. , pp. 585-591
    • van Gestel, C.A.M.1    Dirven-van Breemen, E.M.2    Baerselman, R.3
  • 29
    • 0026615333 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria of nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using earthworm Eisenia andrei
    • van Gestel C.A.M., Baerselman R., Emans H.J.B., Posthuma R., and van Vliet P.J.M. Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria of nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using earthworm Eisenia andrei. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 23 (1992) 206-220
    • (1992) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.23 , pp. 206-220
    • van Gestel, C.A.M.1    Baerselman, R.2    Emans, H.J.B.3    Posthuma, R.4    van Vliet, P.J.M.5
  • 30
    • 0026350449 scopus 로고
    • Influence of cadmium copper and pentachlorophenol on growth and sexual development of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Annelida)
    • van Gestel M., van Dis W.A., Dirven-van Breemen E.M., Sparenburg P.M., and Baerselman R. Influence of cadmium copper and pentachlorophenol on growth and sexual development of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Annelida). Biol. Fertil. Soils 12 (1991) 117-121
    • (1991) Biol. Fertil. Soils , vol.12 , pp. 117-121
    • van Gestel, M.1    van Dis, W.A.2    Dirven-van Breemen, E.M.3    Sparenburg, P.M.4    Baerselman, R.5
  • 31
    • 0032321769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal accumulation by Eisenia fetida and its effects on glutathione-S-transferase activity
    • Grelle C., and Descamps M. Heavy metal accumulation by Eisenia fetida and its effects on glutathione-S-transferase activity. Pedobiologia 42 (1998) 289-297
    • (1998) Pedobiologia , vol.42 , pp. 289-297
    • Grelle, C.1    Descamps, M.2
  • 32
    • 0018854783 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of heavy metals in the earthworm Eisenia foetida
    • Hartenstein R., Neuhauser E.F., and Collier J. Accumulation of heavy metals in the earthworm Eisenia foetida. J. Environ. Qual. 9 (1980) 23-26
    • (1980) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.9 , pp. 23-26
    • Hartenstein, R.1    Neuhauser, E.F.2    Collier, J.3
  • 33
    • 0019313468 scopus 로고
    • Composition of the earthworm Eisenia foetida (savigny) and assimilation of 15 elements from sludge during growth
    • Hartenstein R., Leaf A.L., Neuhauser E.F., and Bickelhaupt D.H. Composition of the earthworm Eisenia foetida (savigny) and assimilation of 15 elements from sludge during growth. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 66 (1980) 187-192
    • (1980) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C , vol.66 , pp. 187-192
    • Hartenstein, R.1    Leaf, A.L.2    Neuhauser, E.F.3    Bickelhaupt, D.H.4
  • 34
    • 0035042099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in terrestrial invertebrates
    • Heikens A., Peijnenburg W.J.G.M., and Hendriks A.J. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in terrestrial invertebrates. Environ. Pollut. 113 (2001) 385-393
    • (2001) Environ. Pollut. , vol.113 , pp. 385-393
    • Heikens, A.1    Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M.2    Hendriks, A.J.3
  • 35
    • 84987012973 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between three methods for determining the toxicity of chemicals to earthworms
    • Heimbach F. Correlation between three methods for determining the toxicity of chemicals to earthworms. Pestic. Sci. 15 (1984) 605-611
    • (1984) Pestic. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 605-611
    • Heimbach, F.1
  • 36
    • 0034193754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fungicide copper oxychloride on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)
    • Helling B., Reinecke S.A., and Reinecke A.J. Effects of fungicide copper oxychloride on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 46 (2000) 108-116
    • (2000) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.46 , pp. 108-116
    • Helling, B.1    Reinecke, S.A.2    Reinecke, A.J.3
  • 41
    • 0018497907 scopus 로고
    • Metal accumulation by the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus, Dendrobaena veneta and Eiseniella tetraedra living in heavy metal polluted sites
    • Ireland M.P. Metal accumulation by the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus, Dendrobaena veneta and Eiseniella tetraedra living in heavy metal polluted sites. Environ. Pollut. 19 (1979) 201-206
    • (1979) Environ. Pollut. , vol.19 , pp. 201-206
    • Ireland, M.P.1
  • 42
    • 0345446234 scopus 로고
    • Excretion of lead, zinc and calcium by the earthworm Dendrobaena rubida living in soil contaminated with zinc and lead
    • Ireland M.P. Excretion of lead, zinc and calcium by the earthworm Dendrobaena rubida living in soil contaminated with zinc and lead. Soil Biol. Biochem. 8 (1976) 347-350
    • (1976) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.8 , pp. 347-350
    • Ireland, M.P.1
  • 43
    • 0016625930 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of lead, zinc and calcium in Dendrobaena rubida (Oligochaeta) living in soil contaminated by base metal mining in Wales
    • Ireland M.P. Distribution of lead, zinc and calcium in Dendrobaena rubida (Oligochaeta) living in soil contaminated by base metal mining in Wales. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 52 (1975) 551-555
    • (1975) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.52 , pp. 551-555
    • Ireland, M.P.1
  • 44
    • 0019860661 scopus 로고
    • Metal content, after exposure to cadmium of two species of earthworms of known differing calcium metabolic activity
    • Ireland M.P., and Richards K.S. Metal content, after exposure to cadmium of two species of earthworms of known differing calcium metabolic activity. Environ. Pollut. 26 (1981) 69-78
    • (1981) Environ. Pollut. , vol.26 , pp. 69-78
    • Ireland, M.P.1    Richards, K.S.2
  • 45
    • 0018207968 scopus 로고
    • ++ tissue concentrations and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity in Lumbricus terrestris
    • ++ tissue concentrations and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity in Lumbricus terrestris. Acta Biol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 29 (1978) 395-400
    • (1978) Acta Biol. Acad. Sci. Hung. , vol.29 , pp. 395-400
    • Ireland, M.P.1    Fischer, E.2
  • 46
    • 33646278009 scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal analysis in earthworms from an abandoned mining area
    • Janssen H.H. Heavy metal analysis in earthworms from an abandoned mining area. Zool. Anz. 222 (1989) 306-321
    • (1989) Zool. Anz. , vol.222 , pp. 306-321
    • Janssen, H.H.1
  • 48
    • 0028179028 scopus 로고
    • Organisms as ecosystem engineers
    • Jones C.G., Lawton J.H., and Shachak M. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69 (1994) 373-386
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.69 , pp. 373-386
    • Jones, C.G.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Shachak, M.3
  • 49
    • 0036160023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of trace metals by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. in urban contaminated soils
    • Kennette D., Hendershot W., Tomlin A., and Sauve S. Uptake of trace metals by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. in urban contaminated soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 19 (2002) 191-198
    • (2002) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 191-198
    • Kennette, D.1    Hendershot, W.2    Tomlin, A.3    Sauve, S.4
  • 50
    • 0001577139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of separate and combined effects of heavy metals on the growth of Aporrectodea caliginosa (Oligochaeta; Annelida), using the toxic approach
    • Khalil M.A., Abdel-Lateif H.M., Bayoumi B.M., and van Straalen N.M. Analysis of separate and combined effects of heavy metals on the growth of Aporrectodea caliginosa (Oligochaeta; Annelida), using the toxic approach. Appl. Soil Ecol. 4 (1996) 213-219
    • (1996) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.4 , pp. 213-219
    • Khalil, M.A.1    Abdel-Lateif, H.M.2    Bayoumi, B.M.3    van Straalen, N.M.4
  • 51
    • 0022212332 scopus 로고
    • Effects of municipal sludge and fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation in earthworms
    • Kruse E.A., and Barrett G.W. Effects of municipal sludge and fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation in earthworms. Environ. Pollut. A38 (1985) 235-244
    • (1985) Environ. Pollut. , vol.A38 , pp. 235-244
    • Kruse, E.A.1    Barrett, G.W.2
  • 52
    • 0442329202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ring-testing and field-validation of a terrestrial model ecosystem (TME) - an instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: conceptual approach and study design
    • Knacker T., van Gestel C.A.M., Jones S.E., Soares A.M.V.M., Schallnass H.J., Forster B., and Edwards C.A. Ring-testing and field-validation of a terrestrial model ecosystem (TME) - an instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: conceptual approach and study design. Ecotoxicologie 13 (2004) 9-27
    • (2004) Ecotoxicologie , vol.13 , pp. 9-27
    • Knacker, T.1    van Gestel, C.A.M.2    Jones, S.E.3    Soares, A.M.V.M.4    Schallnass, H.J.5    Forster, B.6    Edwards, C.A.7
  • 53
    • 0002264787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of body residues as a tool in the assessment of soil toxicity
    • Proceeding from the Second International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. Sheppard S.C., Bembridge J.D., Holmstrup M., and Posthuma L. (Eds), SETAC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Lanno R.P., LeBlanc S.C., Knight B.L., Tymoski R., and Fitzgerald D.G. Application of body residues as a tool in the assessment of soil toxicity. In: Sheppard S.C., Bembridge J.D., Holmstrup M., and Posthuma L. (Eds). Proceeding from the Second International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology (1998), SETAC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 41-53
    • (1998) Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology , pp. 41-53
    • Lanno, R.P.1    LeBlanc, S.C.2    Knight, B.L.3    Tymoski, R.4    Fitzgerald, D.G.5
  • 54
    • 0032725659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to arsenic-toxicity in a population of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus
    • Langdon C.J., Piearce T.G., Black S., and Semple K.T. Resistance to arsenic-toxicity in a population of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31 (1999) 1963-1967
    • (1999) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.31 , pp. 1963-1967
    • Langdon, C.J.1    Piearce, T.G.2    Black, S.3    Semple, K.T.4
  • 55
    • 22844447611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival, Pb-uptake and behaviour of three species of earthworm in Pb treated soils determined using an OECD-style toxicity test and a soil avoidance test
    • Langdon C.J., Hodson M.E., Arnold R.E., and Black S. Survival, Pb-uptake and behaviour of three species of earthworm in Pb treated soils determined using an OECD-style toxicity test and a soil avoidance test. Environ. Pollut. 138 (2005) 368-375
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.138 , pp. 368-375
    • Langdon, C.J.1    Hodson, M.E.2    Arnold, R.E.3    Black, S.4
  • 56
    • 0141848437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherited resistance to arsenate toxicity in two populations of Lumbricus rubellus
    • Langdon C.J., Piearce T.G., Meharg A.A., and Semple K.T. Inherited resistance to arsenate toxicity in two populations of Lumbricus rubellus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 (2003) 2344-2348
    • (2003) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.22 , pp. 2344-2348
    • Langdon, C.J.1    Piearce, T.G.2    Meharg, A.A.3    Semple, K.T.4
  • 58
    • 0002136035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of soil fauna and ecosystem function
    • Lavelle P. Diversity of soil fauna and ecosystem function. Biol. Int. 33 (1996) 3-16
    • (1996) Biol. Int. , vol.33 , pp. 3-16
    • Lavelle, P.1
  • 59
    • 0029479291 scopus 로고
    • Mutualism and biodiversity in soils
    • Collins H.P., and Robertson G.P. (Eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands
    • Lavelle P. Mutualism and biodiversity in soils. In: Collins H.P., and Robertson G.P. (Eds). The Significance and Regulation of Soil Biodiversity (1995), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands 23-33
    • (1995) The Significance and Regulation of Soil Biodiversity , pp. 23-33
    • Lavelle, P.1
  • 60
    • 33751439471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lavelle, P. 1983. The structure of earthworm communities. In: Satchell, J. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology, from Darwin to Vermiculture, London, pp. 449-466.
  • 61
    • 0004246283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kluwer Scientific Publications, Amsterdam
    • Lavelle P., and Spain A. Soil Ecology (2001), Kluwer Scientific Publications, Amsterdam
    • (2001) Soil Ecology
    • Lavelle, P.1    Spain, A.2
  • 63
    • 0034894155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zinc and cadmium body burdens in terrestrial oligochaetes: use and significance in environmental risk assessment
    • Lock K., and Janssen C.R. Zinc and cadmium body burdens in terrestrial oligochaetes: use and significance in environmental risk assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 (2001) 2067-2072
    • (2001) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.20 , pp. 2067-2072
    • Lock, K.1    Janssen, C.R.2
  • 64
    • 0034876938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium toxicity for terrestrial invertebrates: taking soil parameters affecting the bioavailability into account
    • Lock K., and Janssen C.R. Cadmium toxicity for terrestrial invertebrates: taking soil parameters affecting the bioavailability into account. Ecotoxicology 10 (2001) 315-322
    • (2001) Ecotoxicology , vol.10 , pp. 315-322
    • Lock, K.1    Janssen, C.R.2
  • 65
    • 23744454285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of copper and zinc assessed with three different earthworm tests
    • Lukkari T., Aatsinki M., Vaisanen A., and Haimi J. Toxicity of copper and zinc assessed with three different earthworm tests. Appl. Soil Ecol. 30 (2005) 133-146
    • (2005) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.30 , pp. 133-146
    • Lukkari, T.1    Aatsinki, M.2    Vaisanen, A.3    Haimi, J.4
  • 66
    • 1542269119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker responses of the earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata to copper and zinc exposure: differences between populations with and without earlier metal exposure
    • Lukkari T., Taavitsainen M., Soimasuo M., Oikari A., and Haimi J. Biomarker responses of the earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata to copper and zinc exposure: differences between populations with and without earlier metal exposure. Environ. Pollut. 129 (2004) 377-386
    • (2004) Environ. Pollut. , vol.129 , pp. 377-386
    • Lukkari, T.1    Taavitsainen, M.2    Soimasuo, M.3    Oikari, A.4    Haimi, J.5
  • 67
    • 16844384582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is metal bioaccumulation so variable? Biodynamics as a unifying concept
    • Luoma S.N., and Rainbow P.S. Why is metal bioaccumulation so variable? Biodynamics as a unifying concept. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 1921-1931
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 1921-1931
    • Luoma, S.N.1    Rainbow, P.S.2
  • 68
    • 11144327529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical body residues (CBRs) for ecotoxicological soil quality assessment: copper in earthworms
    • Ma W.-C. Critical body residues (CBRs) for ecotoxicological soil quality assessment: copper in earthworms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37 (2005) 561-568
    • (2005) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.37 , pp. 561-568
    • Ma, W.-C.1
  • 69
    • 0020736654 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper by earthworms near a zinc-smelting complex: influence of soil pH and organic matter
    • Ma W., Edelman T., van Beersum I., and Jans T. Uptake of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper by earthworms near a zinc-smelting complex: influence of soil pH and organic matter. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30 (1983) 424-427
    • (1983) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 424-427
    • Ma, W.1    Edelman, T.2    van Beersum, I.3    Jans, T.4
  • 70
    • 0024229803 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of copper to lumbricid earthworms in sandy agricultural soils amended with Cu-enriched organic waste materials
    • Ma W.-C. Toxicity of copper to lumbricid earthworms in sandy agricultural soils amended with Cu-enriched organic waste materials. Ecol. Bull. 39 (1988) 53-56
    • (1988) Ecol. Bull. , vol.39 , pp. 53-56
    • Ma, W.-C.1
  • 71
    • 0000245509 scopus 로고
    • The influence of soil properties and worm-related factors on the concentration of heavy metals in earthworms
    • Ma W.-C. The influence of soil properties and worm-related factors on the concentration of heavy metals in earthworms. Pedobiologia 24 (1982) 109-119
    • (1982) Pedobiologia , vol.24 , pp. 109-119
    • Ma, W.-C.1
  • 72
    • 0036924173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of Pb/Zn mine tailings to the earthworm Pheretima and the effects of burrowing on metal availability
    • Ma Y., Dickinson N.M., and Wong M.H. Toxicity of Pb/Zn mine tailings to the earthworm Pheretima and the effects of burrowing on metal availability. Biol. Fertil. Soils 36 (2002) 79-86
    • (2002) Biol. Fertil. Soils , vol.36 , pp. 79-86
    • Ma, Y.1    Dickinson, N.M.2    Wong, M.H.3
  • 73
    • 3142745305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between lysosomal biomarker and organismal responses in an acute toxicity test with Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) exposed to the fungicide copper oxychloride
    • Maboeta M.S., Reinecke S.A., and Reinecke A.J. The relationship between lysosomal biomarker and organismal responses in an acute toxicity test with Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) exposed to the fungicide copper oxychloride. Environ. Res. 96 (2004) 95-101
    • (2004) Environ. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 95-101
    • Maboeta, M.S.1    Reinecke, S.A.2    Reinecke, A.J.3
  • 74
    • 0033367697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of low lead levels on growth and reproduction of the African earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Oligochaeta)
    • Maboeta M.S., Reinecke A.J., and Reinecke S.A. The effects of low lead levels on growth and reproduction of the African earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Oligochaeta). Biol. Fertil. Soils 30 (1998) 113-116
    • (1998) Biol. Fertil. Soils , vol.30 , pp. 113-116
    • Maboeta, M.S.1    Reinecke, A.J.2    Reinecke, S.A.3
  • 75
    • 0032761148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low levels of lead on growth and reproduction of the Asian earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta)
    • Maboeta M.S., Reinecke A.J., and Reinecke S.A. Effects of low levels of lead on growth and reproduction of the Asian earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 44 (1999) 236-240
    • (1999) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.44 , pp. 236-240
    • Maboeta, M.S.1    Reinecke, A.J.2    Reinecke, S.A.3
  • 76
    • 0036839721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils using phosphorus: evaluation of bioavailability using an earthworm bioassay
    • Maenpaa K.A., Kukkonen J.V.K., and Lydy M.J. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils using phosphorus: evaluation of bioavailability using an earthworm bioassay. Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. 43 (2002) 389-398
    • (2002) Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. , vol.43 , pp. 389-398
    • Maenpaa, K.A.1    Kukkonen, J.V.K.2    Lydy, M.J.3
  • 77
    • 0033003891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time-course of metal (Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) accumulation from a contaminated soil by three populations of the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus
    • Marino F., and Morgan A.J. The time-course of metal (Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) accumulation from a contaminated soil by three populations of the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. Appl. Soil Ecol. 12 (1999) 169-177
    • (1999) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 169-177
    • Marino, F.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 78
    • 0032966514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrated body metal concentrations in laboratory exposed earthworms: can they be used to screen candidate metal-adapted populations?
    • Marino F., and Morgan A.J. Equilibrated body metal concentrations in laboratory exposed earthworms: can they be used to screen candidate metal-adapted populations?. Appl. Soil Ecol. 12 (1999) 179-189
    • (1999) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 179-189
    • Marino, F.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 79
    • 0027019685 scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals and earthworms on the border of the road next to Santiago (Galicia northwest of Spain). Initial results
    • Marino F., Ligero A., and Diaz Cosin D.J. Heavy metals and earthworms on the border of the road next to Santiago (Galicia northwest of Spain). Initial results. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 (1992) 1705-1709
    • (1992) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.24 , pp. 1705-1709
    • Marino, F.1    Ligero, A.2    Diaz Cosin, D.J.3
  • 80
    • 0001294272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-population differences in calcium and strontium uptake efficiencies in earthworms
    • Marino F., Stürzenbaum S.R., and Morgan A.J. Inter-population differences in calcium and strontium uptake efficiencies in earthworms. Appl. Soil Ecol. 9 (1998) 471-474
    • (1998) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 471-474
    • Marino, F.1    Stürzenbaum, S.R.2    Morgan, A.J.3
  • 81
    • 0242524340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cu-Cd interactions in earthworms maintained in laboratory microcosms: the examination of a putative copper paradox
    • Marino F., Stürzenbaum S.R., Kille P., and Morgan A.J. Cu-Cd interactions in earthworms maintained in laboratory microcosms: the examination of a putative copper paradox. Comp. Biochem. Physiol C120 (1998) 217-223
    • (1998) Comp. Biochem. Physiol , vol.C120 , pp. 217-223
    • Marino, F.1    Stürzenbaum, S.R.2    Kille, P.3    Morgan, A.J.4
  • 82
    • 33751393073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marinussen, M.P.J.C., 1997. Heavy metal accumulation in earthworms exposed to spatially variable soil contamination. PhD thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, Wageningen.
  • 83
    • 0030994877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cu accumulation by Lumbricus rubellus as affected by total amount of Cu in soil, soil moisture and soil heterogeneity
    • Marinussen M.P.J.C., and van der Zee S.E.A.T.M. Cu accumulation by Lumbricus rubellus as affected by total amount of Cu in soil, soil moisture and soil heterogeneity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 (1997) 641-647
    • (1997) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.29 , pp. 641-647
    • Marinussen, M.P.J.C.1    van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M.2
  • 84
    • 0030798410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cu accumulation in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta in a heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) contaminated site compared to Cu accumulation in laboratory experiments
    • Marinussen M.P.J.C., van der Zee S.E.A.T.M., and de Haan F.A.M. Cu accumulation in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta in a heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) contaminated site compared to Cu accumulation in laboratory experiments. Environ. Pollut. 96 (1997) 227-233
    • (1997) Environ. Pollut. , vol.96 , pp. 227-233
    • Marinussen, M.P.J.C.1    van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M.2    de Haan, F.A.M.3
  • 85
    • 0031419536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Cd or Pb addition to Cu-contaminated soil on tissue Cu accumulation in the earthworm, Dendrobaena veneta
    • Marinussen M.P.J.C., van der Zee S.E.A.T.M., and de Haan F.A.M. Effect of Cd or Pb addition to Cu-contaminated soil on tissue Cu accumulation in the earthworm, Dendrobaena veneta. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 38 (1997) 309-315
    • (1997) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.38 , pp. 309-315
    • Marinussen, M.P.J.C.1    van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M.2    de Haan, F.A.M.3
  • 87
    • 0030513424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual approach to estimating the effect of home-range size on the exposure of organisms to spatially variable soil contamination
    • Marinussen M.P.J.C., and van der Zee S.E.A.T.M. Conceptual approach to estimating the effect of home-range size on the exposure of organisms to spatially variable soil contamination. Ecol. Modell. 87 (1996) 83-89
    • (1996) Ecol. Modell. , vol.87 , pp. 83-89
    • Marinussen, M.P.J.C.1    van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M.2
  • 88
    • 0022848786 scopus 로고
    • Earthworm biomass: influence of gut content and formaldehyde preservation on live-to-dry weight ratio's of three common species of pasture Lumbricidae
    • Martin N.A. Earthworm biomass: influence of gut content and formaldehyde preservation on live-to-dry weight ratio's of three common species of pasture Lumbricidae. Soil Biol. Biochem. 18 (1986) 245-250
    • (1986) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.18 , pp. 245-250
    • Martin, N.A.1
  • 89
    • 0032887829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accumulation of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ca) by two ecologically contrasting earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa): implications for ecotoxicological testing
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. The accumulation of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ca) by two ecologically contrasting earthworm species (Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa): implications for ecotoxicological testing. Appl. Soil Ecol. 13 (1999) 9-20
    • (1999) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 9-20
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 90
    • 0031812662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and intracellular compartmentation of metals in the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa sampled from an unpolluted and a metal-contaminated site
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. The distribution and intracellular compartmentation of metals in the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa sampled from an unpolluted and a metal-contaminated site. Environ. Pollut. 99 (1998) 167-175
    • (1998) Environ. Pollut. , vol.99 , pp. 167-175
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 91
    • 0027338099 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the tissue-metal (Cd, Zn and Pb) concentrations in two ecophysiologically dissimilar earthworm species: pollution-monitoring implications
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. Seasonal changes in the tissue-metal (Cd, Zn and Pb) concentrations in two ecophysiologically dissimilar earthworm species: pollution-monitoring implications. Environ. Pollut. 82 (1993) 1-7
    • (1993) Environ. Pollut. , vol.82 , pp. 1-7
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 92
    • 0027020747 scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues, ingesta and faeces of ecophysiologically different earthworm species
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues, ingesta and faeces of ecophysiologically different earthworm species. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 (1992) 1691-1697
    • (1992) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.24 , pp. 1691-1697
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 93
    • 0023822396 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-lead interactions involving earthworms. Part 1: the effect of exogenous calcium on lead accumulation by earthworms under field and laboratory conditions
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. Calcium-lead interactions involving earthworms. Part 1: the effect of exogenous calcium on lead accumulation by earthworms under field and laboratory conditions. Environ. Pollut. 54 (1988) 41-53
    • (1988) Environ. Pollut. , vol.54 , pp. 41-53
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 94
    • 0023821987 scopus 로고
    • Earthworms as biological monitors of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in metalliferous soils
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. Earthworms as biological monitors of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in metalliferous soils. Environ. Pollut. 54 (1988) 123-138
    • (1988) Environ. Pollut. , vol.54 , pp. 123-138
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 95
    • 0023821911 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-lead interactions involving earthworms. Part 2: the effect of accumulated lead on endogenous calcium in Lumbricus rubellus
    • Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. Calcium-lead interactions involving earthworms. Part 2: the effect of accumulated lead on endogenous calcium in Lumbricus rubellus. Environ. Pollut. 55 (1988) 41-54
    • (1988) Environ. Pollut. , vol.55 , pp. 41-54
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Morgan, A.J.2
  • 96
    • 0029551895 scopus 로고
    • In-vivo metal substitutions in metal sequestrating subcellular and compartments - X-ray mapping in cryosections
    • Morgan A.J., Winter C., Yarwood A., and Wilkinson N. In-vivo metal substitutions in metal sequestrating subcellular and compartments - X-ray mapping in cryosections. Scanning Microsc. 9 (1995) 1041-1060
    • (1995) Scanning Microsc. , vol.9 , pp. 1041-1060
    • Morgan, A.J.1    Winter, C.2    Yarwood, A.3    Wilkinson, N.4
  • 97
    • 0036062937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting accumulative patterns of two cationic analogues, Ca and Sr, in ecophysiologically contrasting earthworm species (Aporrectodea longa and Allolobophora chlorotica) from the field
    • Morgan J.E., Richards S.P.G., and Morgan A.J. Contrasting accumulative patterns of two cationic analogues, Ca and Sr, in ecophysiologically contrasting earthworm species (Aporrectodea longa and Allolobophora chlorotica) from the field. Appl. Soil Ecol. 21 (2002) 11-22
    • (2002) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 11-22
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Richards, S.P.G.2    Morgan, A.J.3
  • 98
    • 0024502603 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the cadmium-binding proteins isolated from the posterior alimentary canal of the earthworms Dendrodrilus rubidus and Lumbricus rubellus
    • Morgan J.E., Norey C.G., Morgan A.J., and Kay J. A comparison of the cadmium-binding proteins isolated from the posterior alimentary canal of the earthworms Dendrodrilus rubidus and Lumbricus rubellus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 92 (1989) 15-21
    • (1989) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C , vol.92 , pp. 15-21
    • Morgan, J.E.1    Norey, C.G.2    Morgan, A.J.3    Kay, J.4
  • 99
    • 0346038940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of heavy metal soil pollution on earthworm communities in the north of France
    • Nahmani J., Lavelle P., Lapied E., and van Oort F. Effects of heavy metal soil pollution on earthworm communities in the north of France. Pedobiologia 47 (2004) 663-669
    • (2004) Pedobiologia , vol.47 , pp. 663-669
    • Nahmani, J.1    Lavelle, P.2    Lapied, E.3    van Oort, F.4
  • 102
    • 0021538132 scopus 로고
    • Dietary cobalt supplements and the growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia foetida
    • Neuhauser E.F., Meyer J.A., Malecki M.R., and Thomas J.M. Dietary cobalt supplements and the growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Soil Biol. Biochem. 16 (1984) 521-523
    • (1984) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.16 , pp. 521-523
    • Neuhauser, E.F.1    Meyer, J.A.2    Malecki, M.R.3    Thomas, J.M.4
  • 103
    • 33751411803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD, 2004. Guideline for testing of chemical n 222. Earthworm reproduction test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei), acute toxicity tests, adopted 13 April 2004.
  • 104
    • 0034912305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium uptake by earthworms as related to the availability in the soil and the intestine
    • Osté L.A., Dolfing J., Ma W.-C., and Lexmond T.M. Cadmium uptake by earthworms as related to the availability in the soil and the intestine. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 (2001) 1785-1791
    • (2001) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.20 , pp. 1785-1791
    • Osté, L.A.1    Dolfing, J.2    Ma, W.-C.3    Lexmond, T.M.4
  • 105
    • 33751424026 scopus 로고
    • The influence of a copper smelter (Brixlegg, Austria) on grassland populations of earthworms
    • Palzenberger M., Lüftenegger G., and Hannes P. The influence of a copper smelter (Brixlegg, Austria) on grassland populations of earthworms. Environ. Geochem. Health 16 (1995) 551-563
    • (1995) Environ. Geochem. Health , vol.16 , pp. 551-563
    • Palzenberger, M.1    Lüftenegger, G.2    Hannes, P.3
  • 106
    • 0032859907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of zinc and its effects on the growth, reproduction and life cycle of Drawida willsi (Oligochaeta), a dominant earthworm in Indian crop fields
    • Panda R., Pati S.S., and Sahu S.K. Accumulation of zinc and its effects on the growth, reproduction and life cycle of Drawida willsi (Oligochaeta), a dominant earthworm in Indian crop fields. Biol. Fertil. Soils 29 (1999) 419-423
    • (1999) Biol. Fertil. Soils , vol.29 , pp. 419-423
    • Panda, R.1    Pati, S.S.2    Sahu, S.K.3
  • 107
    • 0034282207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioremediation and biodegradation. Effects of soil amendments on the bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium to earthworms
    • Pearson M.S., Maenpaa K., Pierzynski G.M., and Lydy M.J. Bioremediation and biodegradation. Effects of soil amendments on the bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium to earthworms. J. Environ. Qual. 29 (2000) 1611-1617
    • (2000) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.29 , pp. 1611-1617
    • Pearson, M.S.1    Maenpaa, K.2    Pierzynski, G.M.3    Lydy, M.J.4
  • 109
    • 0027038793 scopus 로고
    • Influence of pH on the accumulation of cadmium and lead in earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) under controlled conditions
    • Perämäki P., Itämies J., Lajunen L.H.J., and Pulliainen E. Influence of pH on the accumulation of cadmium and lead in earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) under controlled conditions. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 29 (1992) 105-111
    • (1992) Ann. Zool. Fenn. , vol.29 , pp. 105-111
    • Perämäki, P.1    Itämies, J.2    Lajunen, L.H.J.3    Pulliainen, E.4
  • 110
    • 0036970413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yellow earthworms: distinctive pigmentation associated with arsenic- and copper-tolerance in Lumbricus rubellus
    • Piearce T.G., Langdon C.J., Meharg A.A., and Semple K.T. Yellow earthworms: distinctive pigmentation associated with arsenic- and copper-tolerance in Lumbricus rubellus. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34 (2002) 1833-1838
    • (2002) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.34 , pp. 1833-1838
    • Piearce, T.G.1    Langdon, C.J.2    Meharg, A.A.3    Semple, K.T.4
  • 111
    • 0028983029 scopus 로고
    • The influence of traffic pollution on earthworms and their heavy metal contents in an urban ecosystem
    • Pizl V., and Josens G. The influence of traffic pollution on earthworms and their heavy metal contents in an urban ecosystem. Pedobiologia 39 (1995) 442-453
    • (1995) Pedobiologia , vol.39 , pp. 442-453
    • Pizl, V.1    Josens, G.2
  • 112
    • 0028976055 scopus 로고
    • Earthworm communities along a gradient of urbanization
    • Pizl V., and Josens G. Earthworm communities along a gradient of urbanization. Environ. Pollut. 90 (1995) 7-14
    • (1995) Environ. Pollut. , vol.90 , pp. 7-14
    • Pizl, V.1    Josens, G.2
  • 114
    • 0002103617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil acidity as major determinant of zinc partitioning and zinc uptake in two oligochaete worms exposed tin contaminated field soils
    • . Proceeding from the Second International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. Sheppard S.C., Bembridge J.D., Holmstrup M., and Posthuma L. (Eds), SETAC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Posthuma L., Notenboom J., de Groot A.C., and Peijnenburg W.J.G.M. Soil acidity as major determinant of zinc partitioning and zinc uptake in two oligochaete worms exposed tin contaminated field soils. In: Sheppard S.C., Bembridge J.D., Holmstrup M., and Posthuma L. (Eds). . Proceeding from the Second International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology (1998), SETAC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 111-127
    • (1998) Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology , pp. 111-127
    • Posthuma, L.1    Notenboom, J.2    de Groot, A.C.3    Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M.4
  • 115
    • 11144294703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead tolerance in Aporrectodea rosea earthworms from a clay pigeon shooting site
    • Reid B.J., and Watson R. Lead tolerance in Aporrectodea rosea earthworms from a clay pigeon shooting site. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37 (2005) 609-612
    • (2005) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.37 , pp. 609-612
    • Reid, B.J.1    Watson, R.2
  • 116
    • 0037404787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of exposure history to lead on the lysosomal response in Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)
    • Reinecke A.J., and Reinecke S.A. The influence of exposure history to lead on the lysosomal response in Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 55 (2003) 30-37
    • (2003) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.55 , pp. 30-37
    • Reinecke, A.J.1    Reinecke, S.A.2
  • 117
    • 0031011226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of lead and manganese on spermatozoa of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)
    • Reinecke S.A., and Reinecke A.J. The influence of lead and manganese on spermatozoa of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 (1997) 737-742
    • (1997) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.29 , pp. 737-742
    • Reinecke, S.A.1    Reinecke, A.J.2
  • 118
    • 0032912124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) to cadmium after long-term exposure
    • Reinecke S.A., Prinsloo M.W., and Reinecke A.J. Resistance of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) to cadmium after long-term exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 42 (1999) 75-80
    • (1999) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.42 , pp. 75-80
    • Reinecke, S.A.1    Prinsloo, M.W.2    Reinecke, A.J.3
  • 119
    • 0012818612 scopus 로고
    • Eisenia foetida used as a biomonitoring tools to predict the potential bioaccumulation of contaminants from contaminated dredged material
    • Edwards C.A., and Neuhauser E.F. (Eds), Academic Publishing, La Haye Pays-Bas
    • Rhett R.G., Simmers J.W., and Lee C.R. Eisenia foetida used as a biomonitoring tools to predict the potential bioaccumulation of contaminants from contaminated dredged material. In: Edwards C.A., and Neuhauser E.F. (Eds). Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management (1988), Academic Publishing, La Haye Pays-Bas 321-328
    • (1988) Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management , pp. 321-328
    • Rhett, R.G.1    Simmers, J.W.2    Lee, C.R.3
  • 120
    • 0027865250 scopus 로고
    • Investigations on lead in soil invertebrates of a forest ecosystem
    • Roth M. Investigations on lead in soil invertebrates of a forest ecosystem. Pedobiologia 37 (1993) 270-279
    • (1993) Pedobiologia , vol.37 , pp. 270-279
    • Roth, M.1
  • 121
    • 0030905924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of different levels of traffic pollution on haemoglobin content in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
    • Rozen A., and Mazur L. Influence of different levels of traffic pollution on haemoglobin content in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 (1997) 709-711
    • (1997) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.29 , pp. 709-711
    • Rozen, A.1    Mazur, L.2
  • 123
    • 0030897295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium and lead accumulation in the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and its impacts on cholinesterase and metabolic pathway enzyme activity
    • Scaps P., Grelle C., and Descamps M. Cadmium and lead accumulation in the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and its impacts on cholinesterase and metabolic pathway enzyme activity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 116C (1997) 233-238
    • (1997) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.116 C , pp. 233-238
    • Scaps, P.1    Grelle, C.2    Descamps, M.3
  • 124
    • 0000516121 scopus 로고
    • Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the calciferous glands of Lumbricus terrestris l. (Oligochaeta) contaminated with heavy metals
    • Schrader S. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the calciferous glands of Lumbricus terrestris l. (Oligochaeta) contaminated with heavy metals. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 (1992) 1755-1761
    • (1992) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.24 , pp. 1755-1761
    • Schrader, S.1
  • 125
    • 0034051305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of contamination history for understanding toxicity of copper to earthworm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta: Annelida), using neutral-red retention assay
    • Scott-Fordsmand J.J., Weeks J.M., and Hopkin S.P. Importance of contamination history for understanding toxicity of copper to earthworm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta: Annelida), using neutral-red retention assay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19 (2000) 1174-1780
    • (2000) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.19 , pp. 1174-1780
    • Scott-Fordsmand, J.J.1    Weeks, J.M.2    Hopkin, S.P.3
  • 126
    • 0030798352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depuration and uptake kinetics of I, Cs, Mn, Zn and Cd by the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) in radiotracer-spiked litter
    • Sheppard S.C., Evenden W.G., and Cornwell T.C. Depuration and uptake kinetics of I, Cs, Mn, Zn and Cd by the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) in radiotracer-spiked litter. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16 (1997) 2106-2112
    • (1997) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.16 , pp. 2106-2112
    • Sheppard, S.C.1    Evenden, W.G.2    Cornwell, T.C.3
  • 127
    • 0036972036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium effect on the ovarian structure in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa)
    • Siekierska E., and Urbanska-Jasik D. Cadmium effect on the ovarian structure in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa). Environ. Pollut. 120 (2002) 289-297
    • (2002) Environ. Pollut. , vol.120 , pp. 289-297
    • Siekierska, E.1    Urbanska-Jasik, D.2
  • 128
    • 18144411329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworm responses to Cd and Cu under fluctuating environmental conditions: a comparison with results from laboratory exposures
    • Spurgeon D.J., Svendsen C., Lister L.J., Hankard P.K., and Kille P. Earthworm responses to Cd and Cu under fluctuating environmental conditions: a comparison with results from laboratory exposures. Environ. Pollut. 136 (2004) 443-452
    • (2004) Environ. Pollut. , vol.136 , pp. 443-452
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Svendsen, C.2    Lister, L.J.3    Hankard, P.K.4    Kille, P.5
  • 130
    • 0034038510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of genetically inherited resistance to zinc in laboratory - selected generations of the earthworm Eisenia fetida
    • Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. The development of genetically inherited resistance to zinc in laboratory - selected generations of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environ. Pollut. 109 (2000) 193-201
    • (2000) Environ. Pollut. , vol.109 , pp. 193-201
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Hopkin, S.P.2
  • 131
    • 0033005342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of metal accumulation and excretion kinetics in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to contaminated field and laboratory soils
    • Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. Comparisons of metal accumulation and excretion kinetics in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to contaminated field and laboratory soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 11 (1999) 227-243
    • (1999) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 227-243
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Hopkin, S.P.2
  • 132
    • 0030251101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metal-contaminated soils on the growth, sexual development, and early cocoon production of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, with particular reference to zinc
    • Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. Effects of metal-contaminated soils on the growth, sexual development, and early cocoon production of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, with particular reference to zinc. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 35 (1996) 86-95
    • (1996) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.35 , pp. 86-95
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Hopkin, S.P.2
  • 133
    • 0001037856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of metal contamination on earthworm populations around a smelting works: quantifying species effects
    • Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. The effects of metal contamination on earthworm populations around a smelting works: quantifying species effects. Appl. Soil Ecol. 4 (1996) 147-160
    • (1996) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.4 , pp. 147-160
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Hopkin, S.P.2
  • 134
    • 0028989860 scopus 로고
    • Extrapolation of the laboratory based OECD earthworm toxicity test to metal-contaminated field sites
    • Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. Extrapolation of the laboratory based OECD earthworm toxicity test to metal-contaminated field sites. Ecotoxicology 4 (1995) 190-205
    • (1995) Ecotoxicology , vol.4 , pp. 190-205
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Hopkin, S.P.2
  • 135
    • 0003384914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of factors influencing results from laboratory toxicity tests with earthworms
    • Proceeding from the Second International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. Sheppard S.C., Bembridge J.D., Holmstrup M., and Posthuma L. (Eds), SETAC, Amsterdam
    • Spurgeon D.J., and Weeks J.M. Evaluation of factors influencing results from laboratory toxicity tests with earthworms. In: Sheppard S.C., Bembridge J.D., Holmstrup M., and Posthuma L. (Eds). Proceeding from the Second International Workshop on Earthworm Ecotoxicology. Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology (1998), SETAC, Amsterdam 15-25
    • (1998) Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology , pp. 15-25
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Weeks, J.M.2
  • 136
    • 0028182161 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on growth, reproduction and survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny): assessing the environmental impact of point - source metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems
    • Spurgeon D.J., Hopkins S.P., and Jones D.T. Effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on growth, reproduction and survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny): assessing the environmental impact of point - source metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 84 (1994) 123-130
    • (1994) Environ. Pollut. , vol.84 , pp. 123-130
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Hopkins, S.P.2    Jones, D.T.3
  • 137
    • 0034044870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative sensitivity of life-cycle and biomarker responses in four earthworm species exposed to zinc
    • Spurgeon D.J., Svendsen C., Rimmer V.R., Hopkin S.P., and Weeks J.M. Relative sensitivity of life-cycle and biomarker responses in four earthworm species exposed to zinc. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19 (2000) 1800-1808
    • (2000) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.19 , pp. 1800-1808
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Svendsen, C.2    Rimmer, V.R.3    Hopkin, S.P.4    Weeks, J.M.5
  • 138
    • 0022855358 scopus 로고
    • The use of acid insoluble residue to correct for the presence of soil-derived metals in the gut of earthworms used as bio-indicator organisms
    • Stafford E.A., and McGrath S.P. The use of acid insoluble residue to correct for the presence of soil-derived metals in the gut of earthworms used as bio-indicator organisms. Environ. Pollut. 42 (1986) 233-246
    • (1986) Environ. Pollut. , vol.42 , pp. 233-246
    • Stafford, E.A.1    McGrath, S.P.2
  • 139
  • 140
    • 0000056006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal-induced molecular responses in the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus genetic fingerprinting by directed differential display
    • Stürzenbaum S.R., Kille P., and Morgan A.J. Heavy metal-induced molecular responses in the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus genetic fingerprinting by directed differential display. Appl. Soil Ecol. 9 (1998) 495-500
    • (1998) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 495-500
    • Stürzenbaum, S.R.1    Kille, P.2    Morgan, A.J.3
  • 141
    • 0031060916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance and applicability of a simple earthworm biomarker of copper exposure. I. Links to ecological effects in a laboratory stud with Eisenia andrei
    • Svendsen C., and Weeks J.M. Relevance and applicability of a simple earthworm biomarker of copper exposure. I. Links to ecological effects in a laboratory stud with Eisenia andrei. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 36 (1997) 72-79
    • (1997) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.36 , pp. 72-79
    • Svendsen, C.1    Weeks, J.M.2
  • 142
    • 0002366969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an earthworm lysosomal biomarker for the ecological assessment of pollution from an industrial plastics fire
    • Svendsen C., Meharg A.A., Freestone P., and Weeks J.M. Use of an earthworm lysosomal biomarker for the ecological assessment of pollution from an industrial plastics fire. Appl. Soil Ecol. 3 (1996) 99-107
    • (1996) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.3 , pp. 99-107
    • Svendsen, C.1    Meharg, A.A.2    Freestone, P.3    Weeks, J.M.4
  • 144
    • 0028184090 scopus 로고
    • Pb uptake by ecologically dissimilar earthworm (Lumbricidae) species near a lead smelter in south Finland
    • Terhivuo J., Pankakoski E., Hyvarinen H., and Koivisto I. Pb uptake by ecologically dissimilar earthworm (Lumbricidae) species near a lead smelter in south Finland. Environ. Pollut. 85 (1994) 87-96
    • (1994) Environ. Pollut. , vol.85 , pp. 87-96
    • Terhivuo, J.1    Pankakoski, E.2    Hyvarinen, H.3    Koivisto, I.4
  • 145
    • 18144413938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of contaminants estimated from uptake rates into soil invertebrates
    • van Straalen N.M., Donker M.H., Vijver M.G., and van Gestel C.A.M. Bioavailability of contaminants estimated from uptake rates into soil invertebrates. Environ. Pollut. 136 (2005) 409-417
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.136 , pp. 409-417
    • van Straalen, N.M.1    Donker, M.H.2    Vijver, M.G.3    van Gestel, C.A.M.4
  • 146
    • 0034829813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal concentrations in soil and invertebrates in the vicinity of a metallurgical factory near Tula (Russia)
    • van Straalen N.M., Butovsky R.O., Pokarzhevskii A.D., Zaitsev A.S., and Verhoef S.C. Metal concentrations in soil and invertebrates in the vicinity of a metallurgical factory near Tula (Russia). Pedobiologia 45 (2001) 451-466
    • (2001) Pedobiologia , vol.45 , pp. 451-466
    • van Straalen, N.M.1    Butovsky, R.O.2    Pokarzhevskii, A.D.3    Zaitsev, A.S.4    Verhoef, S.C.5
  • 147
    • 23744442077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal concentrations in soil and earthworms in a floodplain grassland
    • van Vliet P.C.J., van der Zee S.E.A.T.M., and Ma W.C. Heavy metal concentrations in soil and earthworms in a floodplain grassland. Environ. Pollut. 138 (2005) 505-516
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.138 , pp. 505-516
    • van Vliet, P.C.J.1    van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M.2    Ma, W.C.3
  • 148
    • 0037225204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral sealing using glue: a new method to distinguish between intestinal and dermal uptake of metals in earthworms
    • Vijver M.G., Vink J.P.M., Miermans C.J.H., and van Gestel C.A.M. Oral sealing using glue: a new method to distinguish between intestinal and dermal uptake of metals in earthworms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35 (2003) 125-132
    • (2003) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.35 , pp. 125-132
    • Vijver, M.G.1    Vink, J.P.M.2    Miermans, C.J.H.3    van Gestel, C.A.M.4
  • 150
    • 0019218051 scopus 로고
    • Lead, zinc and cadmium content of earthworms from pasture in the vicinity of an industrial smelting complex
    • Wright M.A., and Stringer A. Lead, zinc and cadmium content of earthworms from pasture in the vicinity of an industrial smelting complex. Environ. Pollut. 23 (1980) 313-321
    • (1980) Environ. Pollut. , vol.23 , pp. 313-321
    • Wright, M.A.1    Stringer, A.2
  • 151
    • 0017015027 scopus 로고
    • Uptake and metabolism of DDT and lindane by the earthworm Pheretima posthuma
    • Yadav D.V., Pillai M.K.K., and Argawal H.C. Uptake and metabolism of DDT and lindane by the earthworm Pheretima posthuma. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 (1976) 541-549
    • (1976) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 541-549
    • Yadav, D.V.1    Pillai, M.K.K.2    Argawal, H.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.