New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology

Tectonics

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2006, Pages

  Miller, Elizabeth L ^a   Toro, Jaime ^b   Gehrels, George ^c   Amato, Jeffrey M ^d   Prokopiev, Andrei ^e   Tuchkova, Marianna I ^f   Akinin, Vyacheslav V ^g   Dumitru, Trevor A ^a   Moore, Thomas E ^h   Cecile, Michael P ⁱ  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c University of Arizona   (United States)

^d NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e DIAMOND AND PRECIOUS METAL GEOLOGY INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^f GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^g Russian Academy of Sciences   (Russian Federation)

^h U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

ⁱ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DETRITAL DEPOSIT; GEOCHRONOLOGY; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; SANDSTONE; TECTONICS; TRIASSIC; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; ZIRCON;

EURASIA; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SIBERIAN CRATON;

EID: 33751380239     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2005TC001830     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Amato, J. M. (2004), Crystalline basement ages, detrital zircon ages and metamorphic ages from Seward Peninsula: Implications for Proterozoic and Cambrian-Ordovician paleogeographic reconstructions of the Arctic Alaska terrane, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 36(5), 22.
2. Amato, J. M., E. L. Miller, and G. E. Gehrels (2003), Lower Paleozoic through Archean detrital zircon ages from metasedimentary rocks of the Nome Group, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T31F-0891.
3. Andrianova, V. A., and V. N. Andrianov (1970), Nekotorye novye dannye o vulcanisme na rubezhe permskogo I triasovogo periodov v oblasti Verkoyanskoy geosynklinali (Some new data on volcanism during the latest Permian to earliest Triassic timespan in the Verkoyansk geosyncline), Mater. Geol. Pol. Iskopaemym Yakutskoy ASSR (Contrib. Geol. Miner. Deposits Yakut ASSR), XVI, 137-145.
4. Aplonov, S. (1988), An aborted Triassic Ocean in west Siberia, Tectonics, 7, 1103-1122.
5. Bea, F., G. B. Fershtater, and P. Montero (2002), Granitoids of the Uralides: Implications for the evolution of the orogen, in Mountain Building in the Uralides: Pangea to the Present, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 132, edited by D. Brown, C. Juhlin, and V. Puchkov, pp. 211-232, AGU, Washington, D. C.
6. Belik, G. Y., and G. M. Sosunov (1969), Geologic map of USSR: Anyuisko-Chaunskaya series, Map R-58-XXIX, XXX, scale 1:200,000, North-East. Geol. Dir., Magadan, Russia.
7. Blome, C. D., K. M. Reed, and I. L. Tailleur (1988), Radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Otuk Formation in and near the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, in Geology and Exploration of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 1974 to 1982, edited by G. Gryc, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1399, 725-776.
8. Brozena, J. M., L. A. Lawver, L. C. Kovacs, and V. A. Childers (2002), Aerogeophysical evidence for the rotational opening of the Canada Basin, AAPG Bull., 86, 1138.
9. Bukharov, A. A., V. A. Khalilov, T. M. Strakhova, and V. V. Chernikov (1992), Geology of the Baikal-Patom Upland according to new data of U-Pb dating, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 33, 24-33.
10. Bychkov, Y. M. (1994), Structural-facies zonation and biostratigraphy of the Triassic in Chukotka (in Russian), 53 pp., Northeast Sci. Centre, Magadan.
11. Bychkov, Y. M., and M. E. Gorodinsky (1992), Comparative geology of northern Chukotka and the northern Canadian Cordillera, paper presented at International Conference on Arctic Margins, U.S. Dep. of Inter., Miner. Manage. Serv., Anchorage, Alaska.
12. Campbell, I. H., G. K. Czamanske, V. A. Fedorenko, R. I. Hill, and V. Stepanov (1992), Synchronism of the Siberian traps and the Permian-Triassic boundary, Science, 258, 1760-1763.
13. Chasovitin, M. D., and A. P. Shpetnyi (1964), Geologic map of USSR: Anyuisko-Chaunskaya series, Map R-58-XXXIII, XXXIV scale 1:200,000, North-East. Geol. Dir., Magadan, Russia.
14. Coakley, B., et al. (2005), A cross-Arctic geophysical transect collected from US Coast Guard Icebreaker Healy, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T13D-0510.
15. Cochran, J. R., M. H. Edwards, and B. J. Coakley (2003), Differing forms of continental rifting on the Eurasian and Amerasian margins of the Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean, Eos Trans, AGU, 84(46), Fall Meeting Suppl., T12A-0450.
16. Currie, K. L. (1995), Plutonic rocks, in Geology of Canada, vol. 6, Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland, edited by H. Williams, pp. 629-680, Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont.
17. DeGraaf-Surpless, K., S. A. Graham, J. L. Wooden, and M. C. McWilliams (2002), Detrital zircon provenance analysis of the Great Valley Group, California: Evolution of an arc-fore arc system, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 114, 1564-1580.
18. Dickinson, W. R., and G. E. Gehrels (2003), U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from Permian and Jurassic eolian sandstones of the Colorado Plateau U.S.A.: Paleogeographic implications, Sediment. Geol., 163, 29-66.
19. Drachev, S. S. (2004), Siberian Arctic continental margin: Constraints and uncertainties of plate tectonic models, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract GP43C-07.
20. Dumoulin, J. A., A. G. Harris, M. Gagiev, D. C. Bradley, and J. E. Repetski (2002), Lithostratigraphic, conodont, and other faunal links between lower Paleozoic strata in northern and central Alaska and northeastern Russia, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer. Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 291-312.
21. Embry, A. F. (1991), Mesozoic history of the Arctic Islands, in The Geology of Canada, vol. 3, Geology of the Innuitian Orogen and Arctic Platform of Canada and Greenland, edited by H. P. Trettin, pp. 371-434, Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont.
22. Embry, A. F. (1992), Crockerland-the northwest source for the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands, in Arctic Geology and Petroleum Potential, NPF Spec. Publ., vol. 2, edited by T.O. Vorren et al., pp. 205-216, Elsevier, New York.
23. Embry, A. F., and J. Dixon (1990), The breakup unconformity of the Amerasian Basin, Arctic Ocean: Evidence from Arctic Canada, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 102, 1526-1534.
24. Gelman, M. L. (1963), Triassic diabase association in the Aniuy fold zone (Chukotka) (in Russian), Geol. Geofiz., 2, 127-134.
25. Grantz, A., S. D. May, and P. E. Hart (1990a), Geology of Arctic continental margin of Alaska, in The Geology of North America, vol. L, The Arctic Ocean Region, edited by A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J. F. Sweeney, pp. 257-288, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
26. Grantz, A., S. D. May, P. T. Taylor, and L. A. Lawver (1990b), Canada Basin, in The Geology of North America, vol. L, The Arctic Ocean Region, edited by A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J. F. Sweeney, pp. 379-402, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
27. Harland, W. B. (1998), Geology of Svalbard, Mem. Geol. Soc. London, 17, 529 pp.
28. Ivanov, O. N., and A. P. Milov (1975), The diabase association in the Chukchi fold system and its relation to the basic magmatism in the northern portion of the Pacific Mobile Belt (in Russian), in Magmatism of North East Asia, part 2, edited by E. T. Shatalov, pp. 155-159, Magadan Publ. House, Magadan, Russia.
29. Jackson, H. R., D. A. Forsyth, J. K. Hall, and A. Overton (1990), Seismic reflection and refraction, in The Geology of North America, vol. L, The Arctic Ocean Region, edited by A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J. F. Sweeney, pp. 153-170, Geol. Sec. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
30. Jokat, W. (2003), Seismic investigations along the western sector of Alpha Ridge, central Arctic Ocean, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 185-201.
31. Katkov, S. M., E. L. Miller, I. I. Podgorny, and J. Toro (2004), Deformation history of central Chukotka (Alarmaut Uplift) northeastern Arctic Russia, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract GP41A-0813.
32. Katkov, S. M., A. Strickland, E. L. Miller, I. I. Podgorny, and J. Toro (2005), Dating deformation in the Anyui-Chukotka fold belt, northeastern Arctic Russia, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl. Abstract T11B-0378.
33. Khain, V. E., and A. Nikishin (1997), Russia, in Encyclopedia of European and Asian Regional Geology, edited by E. M. Moores and R. W. Fairbridge, pp. 631-653, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
34. Khudoley, A. K., and G. A. Guriev (1994), The formation and development of a late Paleozoic sedimentary basin on the passive margin of the Siberian paleocontinent, in Pangea: Global Environments and Resources, edited by A. F. Embry, B. Beauchamp, and D. J. Glass, Mem. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., 17, 131-143.
35. Klemperer, S. L., E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, D. W. Scholl, and The Bering-Chukchi Working Group (2002), Crustal structure of the Bering and Chukchi shelves: Deep seismic reflection profiles across the North American continent between Alaska and Russia, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Matgin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 1-24.
36. Kos'ko, M. K., M. P. Cecile, J. C. Harrison, V. G. Ganelin, N. V. Khandoshko, and B. G. Lopatin (1993), Geology of Wrangel Island, between Chukchi and East Siberian seas, northeastern Russia, Geol. Surv. Can. Bull., 461, 101 pp.
37. Kossovskaya, A. G., V. D. Shutov, and V. I. Muravyev (1960), Mesozoic and upper Paleozoic deposits of the West Verkhoyansk Region and the Vilyui Basin, Moscow (in Russian), Trans. Geol. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, 34, 276 pp.
38. Kuzmichev, A. B., and A. V. Soloviev (2004), Mesozoic flysch of the Big Lyakhov Island (New Siberian Islands): Age, provenance and tectonic setting, in Arctic Geology, Energy Resources and Environmental Challenges, edited by M. Smelror and T. Bugge, pp. 80-82, Norsk Geol. Forening, Trondheim, Norway.
39. Lawver, L. A., and R. D. Müller (1998), Iceland hotspot track, Geology, 22, 311-314.
40. Lawver, L. A., and C. R. Scotese (1990), A review of tectonic models for the evolution of the Canada Basin, in The Geology of North America, vol. L., The Arctic Ocean Region, edited by A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J. F. Sweeney, pp. 593-618, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
41. Lawver, L. A., A. Grantz, and L. M. Gahagan (2002), Plate Kinematic evolution of the present Arctic region since the Ordovician, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 333-358.
42. Laxon, S., and D. McAdoo (1994), Arctic Ocean gravity field derived from ERS-1 satellite altimetry, Science, 265, 621-624.
43. Ludwig, K. R. (2003), User's manual for Isoplot 3.0: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel, Spec. Pub. 4, 71 pp., Berkeley Geochronol. Center, Berkeley, Calif.
44. Mariani, R. K. (1987), Petrography and diagenesis of the Ledge Sandstone member of the Triassic Ivishak Formation, in Petroleum Geology of the Northern Part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Northeastern Alaska, edited by K. J. Bird and L. B. Magoon, US. Geol. Surv. Bull., 1778, 101-115.
45. Miller, E. L., M. Gelman, L. Parfenov, and J. Hourigan (2002), Tectonic setting of Mesozoic magmatism: A comparison between northeastern Russia and the North American Cordillera, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 333-358.
46. Miller, E. L., J. Toro, G. Gehrels, M. Tuchkova, and S. Katkov (2004), Detrital zircon ages from Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Myrgovaam Basin sandstones (Rauchua Trough), western Chukotka, NE Russia, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract GP44A-04.
47. Moore, T. E., W. K. Wallace, K. J. Bird, S. M. Karl, C. G. Mull, and J. T. Dillon (1994), Geology of northern Alaska, in The Geology of North America, vol. G-1, The Geology of Alaska, edited by G. Plafker and H. C. Berg, pp. 49-140, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
48. Moore, T. E., T. A. Dumitru, K. E. Adams, S. N. Witebsky, and A. G. Harris (2002), Origin of the Lisburne Hills-Herald Arch structural belt: Stratigraphic, structural and fission track evidence from the Cape Lisburne area, northwestern Alaska, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 77-109.
49. Morton, A. C., J. C. Claoue-Long, and C. R. Hallsworth (2001), Zircon age and heavy mineral constraints on provenance of North Sea Carboniferous sandstones, Mar. Pet. Geol., 18, 319-337.
50. Natal'in, B. A. (2004), Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Chukotka-Arctic Alaska Block: Problems of the rotational model, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract GP43C-04.
51. Natal'in, B. A., J. M. Amato, J. Toro, and J. E. Wright (1999), Paleozoic rocks of northern Chukotka Peninsula, Russian Far East: Implications for the tectonics of the Arctic region, Tectonics, 18, 977-1003.
52. Oxman, V. S., L. M. Parfenov, A. V. Prokopiev, V. F. Timofeev, F. F. Tretyakov, Y. D. Nedosekin, P. W. Layer, and K. Fujita (1995), The Chersky Range ophiolite belt, northeast Russia, J. Geol., 103, 539-557.
53. Pease, V., and V. Vernikovsky (2000), The tectonomagmatic evolution of the Taimyr Peninsula: Further constraints from new ion-microprobe data, Polarforschung, 68, 1-3.
54. Pease, V., D. G. Gee, V. Vernikovsky, A. Vernikovskaya, and S. Kireev (2001), Geochronology and magmatic and metamorphic events in central Taimyr, northern Siberia, Terra Nova, 13, 270-280.
55. Polae, V. P. (1966), Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR (National Geological map of USSR), 1:200,000 scale, Chukotsk series, Sheet R-60-XXIX, XXX, XXIII, XXIV, MinGeo Russ., Moscow.
56. P'yankov, A. Y. (1981), Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR (National Geological map of USSR), 1:200,000 scale, Anyui-Chaun series, Sheet R-60-XXI, XXII, MinGeo, Russ., Magadan.
57. P'yankov, A. Y., and T. P. Huppenen (1974), Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR (National Geological map of USSR), 1:200,000 scale, Anyui-Chaun series, Sheet R-60-XIX, XX, MinGeo Russ., Moscow.
58. Racey, S. D., S. J. McLean, W. M. Davis, R. W. Buhmann, and A. M. Hittelman (1996), Magnetic anomaly data of the former Soviet Union, version 1.0 [CD-ROM], NOAA, Natl. Geophys. Data Center, Boulder, Colo.
59. Renne, P. R., and A. R. Basu (1996), Rapid eruption of the Siberian traps flood basalts at the Permo-Triassic boundary, Science, 253, 176-179.
60. Rowley, D. B., and A. L. Lottes (1988), Plate kinematic reconstructions of the North Atlantic and Arctic: Late Jurassic to Present, Tectonophysics, 155, 73-120.
61. Rubatto, D., I. S. Williams, and I. S. Buck (2001), Zircon and monazite response to prograde metamorphism in the Reynolds Range, central Australia, Cont. Mineral. Petrol., 140, 458-468.
62. Scarrow, I. H., R. Hetzel, V. M. Gorozhanin, M. Dinn, J. Glodny, A. Gerdes, C. Ayala, and P. Montero (2002), Four decades of geochronological work in the southern and middle Urals; a review, in Mountain Building in the Uralides: Pangea to the Present, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 132, edited by D. Brown, C. Juhlin, and V. Puchkov, pp. 233-255, AGU, Washington, D. C.
63. Sengor, A. M. C., and B. A. Natalin (2004), Tectonics of the Altaids: An example of a Turkic-type orogen, in Earth Structure, edited by B. A. Van der Pluijm and S. Marshak, pp. 535-546, Norton, New York.
64. Seslavinskiy, K. B. (1979), The south Anyui suture (western Chukotka) (in Russian), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 249, 1181-1185.
65. Sherwood, K. W., P. P. Johnson, J. D. Craig, S. A. Zerwick, R. T. Lothamer, D. K. Thurston, and S. B. Hurlbert (2002), Structure and stratigraphy of the Hanna Trough, U.S. Chukchi Shelf, Alaska, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea - Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 39-66.
66. Sokolov, S. D., G. Y. Bondarenko, O. L. Morozov, V. A. Shekhovtsov, S. P. Glotov, A. V. Ganelin, B. Kravchenko, and I. R. Berezhnoy (2002), South Anyui suture, Northeast Arctic Russia; facts and problems, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea - Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 209-224.
67. Sosunov, G. M., and S. M. Til'man (1960), Geologic map of USSR, Anyuisko-Chaunskaya series, Map R-58-XXXV, XXXVI, scale 1:200,000, North-East. Geol. Dir., Magadan, Russia.
68. Stacey, J., and J. Kramers (1975), Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 26, 207-221.
69. Taylor, P. T., L. C. Kovacs, P. R. Vogt, and G. L. Johnson (1981), Detailed aeromagnetic investigation of the Arctic Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6323-6333.
70. Tolson, R. B. (1987), Structure and stratigraphy of the Hope Basin, southern Chukchi Seas, Alaska, in Geology and Resource Potential of the Continental Margin of Western North America and Adjacent Ocean Basins - Beaufort Sea to Baja California, Earth Sci. Ser., v. 6, edited by D. W. Scholl, A. Grantz, and J. G. Vedde, pp. 59-71, Circum-Pac. Counc. for Energy and Miner. Resour., Houston, Tex.
71. Toro, J., P. B. Gans, W. B. McClelland, and T. Dumitru (2002), Deformation and exhumation of nappes in the Mt. Igikpak region, central Brooks Range, Alaska, in Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses, edited by E. L. Miller, A. Grantz, and S. L. Klemperer, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 360, 111-132.
72. Toro, J., F. Toro, K. J. Bird, and C. Harrison (2004), The Arctic Alaska-Canada connection revisited, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 36, 22.
73. Torsvik, T. H., and L. M. R. Cocks (2004), Earth geography from 400 to 250 million years: A palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review, J. Geol. Soc. London, 161, 555-572.
74. Trettin, H. P. (1991), The Proterozoic to Late Silurian record of Pearya, in The Geology of Canada, vol. 3, Geology of the Innuitian Orogen and Arctic Platform of Canada and Greenland, edited by H. P. Trettin, pp. 241-259, Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont.
75. Tuchkova, M. I., G. Y. Bondarenko, E. L. Miller, and S. M. Katkov (2004), Triassic terrigeneous deposits of western Chukotka: Sedimentation, mineral composition, deformations (NE Russia), Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract GP41A-0816.
76. 39Ar age of Siberian basaltic volcanism, Chem. Geol., 138, 303-310.
77. Vernikovsky, V. A. (1996), Geodymamic evolution of the Taimyr folded area (in Russian), 202 pp., United Inst. of Geol., Geophys., and Mineral., Siberian Br., Russ. Acad. of Sci., Novosibirsk, Russia.
78. Vernikovsky, V. A., E. B. Salanikova, A. B. Kotov, V. P. Kovach, and S. Z. Yakovleva (1988), Precambrian granites of the Faddey terrane (northern Taimyr): New geochemical and geochronological (U-Pb, Sm-Nd) data (in Russian), Dokl. Russ. Akad. Nauk, 363, 653-657.
79. Vernikovsky, V. A., V. L. Pease, A. E. Vernikovskaya, A. P. Romanov, D. G. Gee, and A. V. Travin (2003), First report of early Triassic A-type granite and syenite intrusions from Taimyr: Product of the northern Eurasian superplume?, Lithos, 66, 23-36.
80. Vogt, P. R., P. T. Taylor, L. C. Kovacs, and G. L. Johnson (1982), The Canada Basin: Aeromagnetic constraints on structure and evolution, Tectonophysics, 89, 295-336.
81. Wickham, S. M., B. A. Litvinovsky, A. N. Zanvilevich, and I. N. Bindeman (1995), Geochemical evolution of Phanerozoic magmatism in Transbaikalia, East Asia; a key constraint on the origin of K-rich silicic magmas and the process of cratonization, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15,641-15,654.
82. Williams, C. C., and B. Coakley (2005), Spectral analysis and isostasy of the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T13D-0496.
83. Williams, I. S. (2001), Response of detrital zircon and monazite, and their U-Pb isotopic systems, to regional metamorphism and host-rock partial melting, Cooma complex, southeastern Australia, J. Earth Sci., 48, 557-580.
84. Yarmolyuk, V. V., V. I. Kovalenko, A. B. Kotov, and E. B. Sal'nikova (1997), The Angara-Vitim batholith: On the problem of batholith geodynamics in the central Asia foldbelt, Geotectonics, 31, 359-373.
85. Zheltovski, V. G. (1976), Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR (National Geological map of USSR), 1:200,000 scale, Anyui-Chaun series, Sheet R-60- XXVII, XXVIII, MinGeo Russ., Magadan.
86. Zhuravlev, G. F. (1976), Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta SSSR (National Geological map of USSR), 1:200,000 scale, Anyui-Chaun series, Sheet R-60-XXV, XXVI, MinGeo, Russ., Magadan.
87. Ziegler, P. A. (1988), Evolution of the Arctic-North Atlantic and the western Tethys, AAPG Mem., 43, 198 pp.