The origin of MDMA ("Ecstasy") - Separating the facts from the myth

Pharmazie

Volumn 61, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 966-972

  Bernschneider Reif, Sabine ^a   Oxler F ^a   Freudenmann, R W ^b  

^a MERCK KGAA   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; ANOREXIGENIC AGENT; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG SYNTHESIS; GERMANY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY;

GERMANY; HALLUCINOGENS; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; N-METHYL-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 33751318465     PISSN: 00317144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Beck C (1997/98) MDMA - Die frühen Jahre, Jahrbuch für Ethnomedizin und Bewußtseinsforschung: 95-125.
2. Biniecki S, Krajewski E (1960) Otrzymywanie d,1-N-Methylo-beta-(3,4- Methylenodwuoksyfenylo)-Izopropylaminy i d,L-N-Metylo-beta-(3,4- Dwumetoksyfenylo)-Izopropyloaminy [Production of d,1-N-methyl-beta-(3,4- methylenedioxyphenyl)-isopropylamine and d,1-N-methyl-beta-(3,4-dimthoxyphenyl)- isopropylamine]. Acta Pol Pharm 17: 421-425.
3. Check E (2004) The ups and downs of ecstasy. Nature 429: 126-128.
4. Collin M, Godfrey J (1997) Altered State, London, p. 4.
5. Freudenmann RW (2005) "Ecstasy", die Droge der Techno-Generation: klinische Aspekte ["Ecstasy", the drug of the techno generation: clinical aspects]. Nervenheilkunde 24: 557-572.
6. Freudenmann RW, Bernschneider-Reif S, Öxler F (2005) Die Erstbeschreibung von MDMA ("Ecstasy") bei der Firma Merck: Die wahre Geschichte. Nervenarzt 76 Suppl 1: 373.
7. Freudenmann RW, Spitzer M (2004) The neuropsychopharmacology and toxicology of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethyl-amphetamine (MDEA). CNS Drug Reviews 10: 89-116.
8. Grob CS, Poland RE (2005) MDMA (Chapter 22) In: Lowinson JH et al. (ed.) Substance Abuse. A Comprehensive Textbook, Philadelphia, pp. 374-386.
9. Hardman HF, Haavik CO, Seevers MH (1973) Relationship of the structure of mescaline and seven analogs to toxicity and behaviour in five species of laboratory animals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 25: 299-309.
10. Holland J (2001) Ecstasy. The complete guide. A comprehensive look at risks and benefits of MDMA. Vermont.
11. Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman, JG (2003) Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2002. (NTH Publication N. 03-5374). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
12. Mannich C, Jacobsohn W (1910) Über Oxyphenyl-alkylamine und Dioxyphenyl-alkylamine. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 43: 189-197.
13. Nichols DE (1986) Differences between the mechanism of action of MDMA, MBDB, and the classic hallucinogens. Identification of a new therapeutic class: entactogens. J Psychoactive Drugs 18: 305-313.
14. Shulgin AT, Nichols DE (1978) Characterization of three new psychotomimetics. The psychopharmacology of the hallucinogens, New York, pp. 74-83.
15. Shulgin AT (1986) The background and chemistry of MDMA. J Psychoactive Drugs 18: 291-304.
16. Shulgin AT (1990) History of MDMA. In: Perouktka SL (ed.) Ecstasy: the clinical, pharmacological and neurotoxicological effects of the drug MDMA. Boston, pp. 1-20.