메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 62, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 235-258

Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation in the tailed frog (Anura: Ascaphus): The influence of geography and gene flow

Author keywords

Amphibians; Biogeography; Conservation; Genetic structure; Pacific Northwest; Pacific tailed frog; Rocky Mountain tailed frog

Indexed keywords

ALLOZYME; FROG; GENE FLOW; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; PHYLOGENY; RANGE EXPANSION;

EID: 33751224787     PISSN: 00180831     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831(2006)62[235:AAMDVI]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 14544289241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for uncertainty in the tree topology has little effect on the decision theoretic approach to model selection in phylogeny estimation
    • ABDO, Z., V. MININ, P. JOYCE, AND J. SULLIVAN. 2005. Accounting for uncertainty in the tree topology has little effect on the decision theoretic approach to model selection in phylogeny estimation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22:691-703.
    • (2005) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.22 , pp. 691-703
    • Abdo, Z.1    Minin, V.2    Joyce, P.3    Sullivan, J.4
  • 2
    • 0035704189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal habitat use and evidence of seasonal migration by Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, in Montana
    • ADAMS, S. B., AND C. A. FRISSELL. 2001. Thermal habitat use and evidence of seasonal migration by Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, in Montana. The Canadian Field Naturalist 115:251-256.
    • (2001) The Canadian Field Naturalist , vol.115 , pp. 251-256
    • Adams, S.B.1    Frissell, C.A.2
  • 4
    • 0000849992 scopus 로고
    • A role for molecular genetics in the recognition and conservation of endangered species
    • AVISE, J. C. 1989. A role for molecular genetics in the recognition and conservation of endangered species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:279-281.
    • (1989) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.4 , pp. 279-281
    • Avise, J.C.1
  • 5
    • 0028179762 scopus 로고
    • Amphibian declines: Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions
    • BLAUSTEIN, A. R., D. B. WAKE, AND W. P. SOUSA. 1994. Amphibian declines: judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conservation Biology 8:60-71.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 60-71
    • Blaustein, A.R.1    Wake, D.B.2    Sousa, W.P.3
  • 6
    • 0000810216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative phylogeography of northwestern North America: A Synthesis
    • J. Silvertown and J. Antonovics (Eds.). Blackwell Publishing, Williston, Vermont, U.S.A.
    • BRUNSFELD, S. J., J. SULLIVAN, D. E. SOLTIS, AND P. S. SOLTIS. 2001. Comparative phylogeography of northwestern North America: A Synthesis. Pp. 319-339. In Integrating ecology and evolution in a spatial context. J. Silvertown and J. Antonovics (Eds.). Blackwell Publishing, Williston, Vermont, U.S.A.
    • (2001) Integrating Ecology and Evolution in a Spatial Context , pp. 319-339
    • Brunsfeld, S.J.1    Sullivan, J.2    Soltis, D.E.3    Soltis, P.S.4
  • 7
    • 0020929933 scopus 로고
    • Differences in amphibian populations in logged and old growth redwood forest
    • BURY, R. B. 1983. Differences in amphibian populations in logged and old growth redwood forest. Northwest Science 57:167-178.
    • (1983) Northwest Science , vol.57 , pp. 167-178
    • Bury, R.B.1
  • 8
    • 0000909794 scopus 로고
    • Amphibian relationships: Phylogenetic analysis of morphology and molecules
    • CANNATELLA, D. C., AND D. M. HILLIS. 1993. Amphibian relationships: Phylogenetic analysis of morphology and molecules. Herpetological Monographs 7:1-7.
    • (1993) Herpetological Monographs , vol.7 , pp. 1-7
    • Cannatella, D.C.1    Hillis, D.M.2
  • 9
    • 9644272771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing nested phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses in the Plethodon vandykei species group
    • CARSTENS, B. C., A. L. STEVENSON, J. D. DEGENHARDT, AND J. SULLIVAN. 2004a. Testing nested phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses in the Plethodon vandykei species group. Systematic Biology 53:781-792.
    • (2004) Systematic Biology , vol.53 , pp. 781-792
    • Carstens, B.C.1    Stevenson, A.L.2    Degenhardt, J.D.3    Sullivan, J.4
  • 10
    • 12444323629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for coalescent stochasticity in testing phylogeographical hypotheses: Modeling Pleistocene population structure in the Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus
    • -. 2004b. Accounting for coalescent stochasticity in testing phylogeographical hypotheses: modeling Pleistocene population structure in the Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus. Molecular Ecology 14:255-265.
    • (2004) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 255-265
  • 11
    • 24644516996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the evolutionary history of the Pacific Northwest mesic forest ecosystem: Hypothesis testing within a comparative phylogeographic framework
    • In Press
    • CARSTENS, B. C., S. J. BRUNSFELD, J. R. DEMBOSKI, J. M. GOOD, AND J. SULLIVAN. 2005. Investigating the evolutionary history of the Pacific Northwest mesic forest ecosystem: hypothesis testing within a comparative phylogeographic framework. Evolution, In Press.
    • (2005) Evolution
    • Carstens, B.C.1    Brunsfeld, S.J.2    Demboski, J.R.3    Good, J.M.4    Sullivan, J.5
  • 12
    • 0000156374 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis: Models and estimation procedures
    • CAVALLI-SFORZA, L. L., AND A. EDWARDS. 1967. Phylogenetic analysis: models and estimation procedures. Evolution 21:550-570.
    • (1967) Evolution , vol.21 , pp. 550-570
    • Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.1    Edwards, A.2
  • 13
    • 0000862580 scopus 로고
    • Aminocitrate buffers for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis
    • CLAYTON, J., AND D. TRETIAK. 1972. Aminocitrate buffers for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis. Journal of the Fish Research Board of Canada 29:1169-1172.
    • (1972) Journal of the Fish Research Board of Canada , vol.29 , pp. 1169-1172
    • Clayton, J.1    Tretiak, D.2
  • 14
    • 0002260099 scopus 로고
    • Variance of gene frequencies
    • COCKERHAM, C. C. 1969. Variance of gene frequencies. Evolution 23:72-84.
    • (1969) Evolution , vol.23 , pp. 72-84
    • Cockerham, C.C.1
  • 15
    • 0015818251 scopus 로고
    • Analyses of gene frequencies
    • -. 1973. Analyses of gene frequencies. Genetics 74:679-700.
    • (1973) Genetics , vol.74 , pp. 679-700
  • 16
    • 0024928565 scopus 로고
    • Logging in western Oregon: Responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians
    • CORN, P. S., AND R. B. BURY. 1989. Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians. Forest Ecology Management 29:39-57.
    • (1989) Forest Ecology Management , vol.29 , pp. 39-57
    • Corn, P.S.1    Bury, R.B.2
  • 17
    • 7144266547 scopus 로고
    • Systematics, species concepts, and conservation biology
    • Abstract. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
    • CRACRAFT, J. 1991. Systematics, species concepts, and conservation biology. Abstract. Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society of Conservation Biology. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
    • (1991) Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society of Conservation Biology
    • Cracraft, J.1
  • 19
    • 0001638641 scopus 로고
    • Age-determination, growth, and life-history of a Montana population of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei)
    • DAUGHERTY, C. H., AND A. L. SHELDON. 1982a. Age-determination, growth, and life-history of a Montana population of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei). Herpetologica 38:461-468.
    • (1982) Herpetologica , vol.38 , pp. 461-468
    • Daugherty, C.H.1    Sheldon, A.L.2
  • 20
    • 0001638641 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific movement patterns of adult Ascaphus truei
    • -. 1982b. Age-specific movement patterns of adult Ascaphus truei. Herpetologica 38:468-474.
    • (1982) Herpetologica , vol.38 , pp. 468-474
  • 21
    • 0002741475 scopus 로고
    • Floristic plant geography of eastern Washington and northern Idaho
    • DAUBENMIRE, R. 1975. Floristic plant geography of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Journal of Biogeography 2:1-18.
    • (1975) Journal of Biogeography , vol.2 , pp. 1-18
    • Daubenmire, R.1
  • 22
    • 0002788119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation: A conceptual unification and terminological recommendations
    • D. J. Howard and S. H. Berlocher (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, England
    • DE QUEIROZ, K. 1998. The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation: A conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. Pp. 57-75. In Endless Forms: Species and Speciation. D. J. Howard and S. H. Berlocher (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
    • (1998) Endless Forms: Species and Speciation , pp. 57-75
    • De Queiroz, K.1
  • 24
    • 0033596079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian management and the tailed frog in northern coastal forests
    • DUPUIS, L. A., AND D. STEVENSON. 1999. Riparian management and the tailed frog in northern coastal forests. Forest Ecology and Management 124:35-43.
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.124 , pp. 35-43
    • Dupuis, L.A.1    Stevenson, D.2
  • 25
    • 0033857814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the tailed frog's range in British Columbia, Canada
    • DUPUIS, L. A., F. L. BUNNELL, AND P. A. FRIELE. 2000. Determinants of the tailed frog's range in British Columbia, Canada. Northwest Science 74:109-115.
    • (2000) Northwest Science , vol.74 , pp. 109-115
    • Dupuis, L.A.1    Bunnell, F.L.2    Friele, P.A.3
  • 26
    • 0019797407 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach
    • FELSENSTEIN, J. 1981. Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. Journal of Molecular Evolution 17:368-376.
    • (1981) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.17 , pp. 368-376
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 27
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogeny: An approach using the bootstrap
    • -. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogeny: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
  • 29
    • 0003511405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (22 August 2004). Electronic Database accessible at. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
    • FROST, D. R. 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August 2004). Electronic Database accessible at http://research. amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
    • (2004) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 3.0
    • Frost, D.R.1
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0026689178 scopus 로고
    • Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles
    • GUO, S., AND E. THOMPSON. 1992. Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics 48:361-372.
    • (1992) Biometrics , vol.48 , pp. 361-372
    • Guo, S.1    Thompson, E.2
  • 32
    • 0001636436 scopus 로고
    • Densities and habitat of tailed frog tadpoles in small streams near Mt. St. Helens following the 1980 eruption
    • HAWKINS, C. P., L. J. GOTTSCHALK, AND S. S. BROWN. 1988. Densities and habitat of tailed frog tadpoles in small streams near Mt. St. Helens following the 1980 eruption. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7:246-252.
    • (1988) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.7 , pp. 246-252
    • Hawkins, C.P.1    Gottschalk, L.J.2    Brown, S.S.3
  • 33
    • 0029132262 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of amphibian families inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes
    • HAY, J. M., I. RUVINSKY, S. B. HEDGES, AND L. R. MAXSON. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of amphibian families inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12:928-937.
    • (1995) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.12 , pp. 928-937
    • Hay, J.M.1    Ruvinsky, I.2    Hedges, S.B.3    Maxson, L.R.4
  • 34
    • 0034849408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees
    • HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND F. RONQUIST. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17:754-755.
    • (2001) Bioinformatics , vol.17 , pp. 754-755
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1    Ronquist, F.2
  • 37
    • 0010629334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herpetofauna of Glacier National Park
    • MARNELL, L. F. 1997. Herpetofauna of Glacier National Park. Northwestern Naturalist 78:17-33.
    • (1997) Northwestern Naturalist , vol.78 , pp. 17-33
    • Marnell, L.F.1
  • 38
    • 0000383910 scopus 로고
    • A morphological and ecological comparison of two populations of the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei Stejneger
    • METTER, D. E. 1964. A morphological and ecological comparison of two populations of the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Copeia 1964:181-195.
    • (1964) Copeia , vol.1964 , pp. 181-195
    • Metter, D.E.1
  • 39
    • 0005721802 scopus 로고
    • The influence of floods on population structure of Ascaphus truei Stejneger
    • -. 1968. The influence of floods on population structure of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Journal of Herpetology 1:105-106.
    • (1968) Journal of Herpetology , vol.1 , pp. 105-106
  • 40
    • 0001145053 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the reduction of gene flow in Ascaphus truei in the Northwest U.S. since the Pleistocene
    • METTER, D. E., AND R. J. PAUKEN. 1969. An analysis of the reduction of gene flow in Ascaphus truei in the Northwest U.S. since the Pleistocene. Copeia 1969:307-310.
    • (1969) Copeia , vol.1969 , pp. 307-310
    • Metter, D.E.1    Pauken, R.J.2
  • 41
    • 0242487488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance-based selection of likelihood models for phylogeny estimation
    • MININ, V., Z. ABDO, P. JOYCE, AND J. SULLIVAN. 2003. Performance-based selection of likelihood models for phylogeny estimation. Systematic Biology 52:674-683.
    • (2003) Systematic Biology , vol.52 , pp. 674-683
    • Minin, V.1    Abdo, Z.2    Joyce, P.3    Sullivan, J.4
  • 42
    • 0028151986 scopus 로고
    • Defining evolutionarily significant units for conservation
    • MORITZ, C. 1994. Defining evolutionarily significant units for conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:373-375.
    • (1994) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 373-375
    • Moritz, C.1
  • 43
    • 0034967295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing Migration from Isolation: An MCMC Approach
    • NIELSEN, R., AND J. W. WAKELEY. 2001. Distinguishing Migration from Isolation: an MCMC Approach. Genetics 158:885-896.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 885-896
    • Nielsen, R.1    Wakeley, J.W.2
  • 44
    • 0035104632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei): Implications for the biogeography of the Pacific Northwest
    • NIELSON, M. K., L. K. LOHMAN, AND J. SULLIVAN. 2001. Phylogeography of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei): implications for the biogeography of the Pacific Northwest. Evolution 55:157-160.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 157-160
    • Nielson, M.K.1    Lohman, L.K.2    Sullivan, J.3
  • 45
    • 84959786058 scopus 로고
    • Geographic representation of morphological variation among populations of Ascaphus truei Stejneger
    • PAUKEN, R. J., AND D. E. METTER. 1971. Geographic representation of morphological variation among populations of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Systematic Zoology 20:431-441.
    • (1971) Systematic Zoology , vol.20 , pp. 431-441
    • Pauken, R.J.1    Metter, D.E.2
  • 46
    • 0031773680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeltest: Testing the model of DNA substitution
    • POSADA, D., AND K. A. CRANDALL. 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:917-918.
    • (1998) Bioinformatics , vol.14 , pp. 917-918
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.A.2
  • 47
    • 0034100234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GeoDis: A program for the cladistic nested analysis of the geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes
    • POSADA, D., K. A. CRANDALL, AND A. R. TEMPLETON. 2000. GeoDis: a program for the cladistic nested analysis of the geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes. Molecular Ecology 9:487-488.
    • (2000) Molecular Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 487-488
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.A.2    Templeton, A.R.3
  • 50
    • 0002086307 scopus 로고
    • Species conservation and systematics: The dilemma of subspecies
    • RYDER, O. A. 1986. Species conservation and systematics: the dilemma of subspecies. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1:9-10.
    • (1986) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.1 , pp. 9-10
    • Ryder, O.A.1
  • 53
    • 0002618746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are guinea pigs rodents? the importance of adequate models in molecular phylogenetics
    • SULLIVAN, J., AND D. L. SWOFFORD. 1997. Are guinea pigs rodents? The importance of adequate models in molecular phylogenetics. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4:77-86.
    • (1997) Journal of Mammalian Evolution , vol.4 , pp. 77-86
    • Sullivan, J.1    Swofford, D.L.2
  • 55
    • 0001336205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic inference
    • D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable (Eds.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
    • SWOFFORD, D. L., G. J. OLSEN, P. J. WADDELL, AND D. M. HILLIS. 1996. Phylogenetic inference. Pp. 407-514. In D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable (Eds.), Molecular systematics, Second edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
    • (1996) Molecular Systematics, Second Edition , pp. 407-514
    • Swofford, D.L.1    Olsen, G.J.2    Waddell, P.J.3    Hillis, D.M.4
  • 56
    • 0032055149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nested clade analyses of phylogeographic data: Testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history
    • TEMPLETON, A. R. 1998. Nested clade analyses of phylogeographic data: testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history. Molecular Ecology 7:381-397.
    • (1998) Molecular Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 381-397
    • Templeton, A.R.1
  • 57
    • 1642339467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical phylogeography: Methods of evaluating and minimizing inference errors
    • -. 2004. Statistical phylogeography: methods of evaluating and minimizing inference errors. Molecular Ecology 13:789-810.
    • (2004) Molecular Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 789-810
  • 58
    • 0027278852 scopus 로고
    • A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. IV. Nested analyses with cladogram uncertainty and recombination
    • TEMPLETON, A. R., AND C. F. SING. 1993. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. IV. Nested analyses with cladogram uncertainty and recombination. Genetics 134:659-669.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 659-669
    • Templeton, A.R.1    Sing, C.F.2
  • 59
    • 0023425198 scopus 로고
    • A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. I. Basic theory and an analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila
    • TEMPLETON, A. R., E. BOERWINKLE, AND C. F. SING. 1987. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. I. Basic theory and an analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila. Genetics 117:343-351.
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.117 , pp. 343-351
    • Templeton, A.R.1    Boerwinkle, E.2    Sing, C.F.3
  • 60
    • 0029058158 scopus 로고
    • Separating population structure from population history: A cladistic analysis of the geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum
    • TEMPLETON, A. R., E. ROUTMAN, AND C. A. PHILLIPS. 1995. Separating population structure from population history: a cladistic analysis of the geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Genetics 140:767-782.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.140 , pp. 767-782
    • Templeton, A.R.1    Routman, E.2    Phillips, C.A.3
  • 61
    • 0028177153 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing units of conservation management
    • VOGLER, A. P., AND R. DESALLE. 1994. Diagnosing units of conservation management. Conservation Biology 8:354-363.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 354-363
    • Vogler, A.P.1    Desalle, R.2
  • 62
    • 0027029706 scopus 로고
    • Amphibian biodiversity of the Pacific Northwest with special reference to old growth stands
    • WALLS, S. C., A. R. BLAUSTEIN, AND J. J. BEATTY. 1992. Amphibian biodiversity of the Pacific Northwest with special reference to old growth stands. The Northwest Environmental Journal 8:53-69.
    • (1992) The Northwest Environmental Journal , vol.8 , pp. 53-69
    • Walls, S.C.1    Blaustein, A.R.2    Beatty, J.J.3
  • 63
    • 0026364289 scopus 로고
    • Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and the definition of "species" under the Endangered Species Act
    • WAPLES, R. S. 1991. Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and the definition of "species" under the Endangered Species Act. Marine Fisheries Review 53:11-22.
    • (1991) Marine Fisheries Review , vol.53 , pp. 11-22
    • Waples, R.S.1
  • 64
    • 0025664744 scopus 로고
    • Relictual amphibians and old growth forests
    • WELSH, H. H. 1990. Relictual amphibians and old growth forests. Conservation Biology 4:309-319.
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 309-319
    • Welsh, H.H.1
  • 65
    • 0002848805 scopus 로고
    • Neogene floristic and vegetational history of the Pacific Northwest
    • WOLFE, J. A. 1969. Neogene floristic and vegetational history of the Pacific Northwest. Madroño 20:83-110.
    • (1969) Madroño , vol.20 , pp. 83-110
    • Wolfe, J.A.1
  • 66
    • 0000140932 scopus 로고
    • A paleobotanical interpretation of Tertiary climates in the Northern Hemisphere
    • -. 1978. A paleobotanical interpretation of Tertiary climates in the Northern Hemisphere. American Scientist 66:694-703.
    • (1978) American Scientist , vol.66 , pp. 694-703


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.