Thymus involution and cerebral white matter damage in extremely low gestational age neonates

Biology of the Neonate

Volumn 90, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 252-257

  Kuban, Joshua David ^a   Allred, Elizabeth N ^a   Leviton, Alan ^a,b  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebrum; Newborn; Preterm; Thymus; White matter

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN DAMAGE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVALUATION; EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; INVOLUTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEWBORN; ORGAN SIZE; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; THYMUS; WHITE MATTER; WHITE MATTER DAMAGE;

ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; INFANT, EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INFANT, PREMATURE, DISEASES; MALE; ORGAN SIZE; RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC; TELENCEPHALON; THYMUS GLAND;

EID: 33751200341     PISSN: 00063126     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000094094     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Kwong KL, Wong YC, Fong CM, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in 122 children with spastic cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol 2004;31:172-176.
2. Tran U, Gray PH, O'Callaghan MJ: Neonatal antecedents for cerebral palsy in extremely preterm babies and interaction with maternal factors. Early Hum Dev 2005;81:555-561.
3. Dammann O, Durum S, Leviton A: Do white cells matter in white matter damage? Trends Neurosci 2001;24:320-324.
4. Duggan PJ, Maalouf EF, Watts TL, et al: Intrauterine T-cell activation and increased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in preterm infants with cerebral lesions. Lancet 2001;358:1699-1700.
5. Kadhim H, Tabarki B, De Prez C, et al: Interleukin-2 in the pathogenesis of perinatal white matter damage. Neurology 2002;58:1125-1128.
6. Nelson KB, Dambrosia JM, Grether JK, Phillips TM: Neonatal cytokines and coagulation factors in children with cerebral palsy. Ann Neurol 1998;44:665-675.
7. Kaukola T, Satyaraj E, Patel DD, et al: Cerebral palsy is characterized by protein mediators in cord serum. Ann Neurol 2004;55:186-194.
8. Wu YW: Systematic review of chorioamnionitis and cerebral palsy. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2002;8:25-29.
9. Jacobsson B, Hagberg G: Antenatal risk factors for cerebral palsy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004;18:425-436.
10. De Felice C, Toti P, Santopietro R, Stumpo M, Pecciarini L, Bagnoli F: Small thymus in very low weight infants born to mothers with subclinical chorioamnionitis. J Pediatrics 1999;135:384-386.
11. Toti P, De Felice C, Stumpo M: Acute thymic involution in fetuses and neonates with chorioamnionitis. Hum Pathol 2000;31:1121-1128.
12. Leviton A, Gilles FH, Vawter GF: The thymus in infants with perinatal telencephalic leukoencephalopathy. Arch Neurol 1978;35:377-381.
13. Teele R, Share J: Ultrasonography of Infants and Children. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1991.
14. Meyers A, Shah A, Cleveland R, Cranley W, Wood B, Sunkle S, Husak S, Cooper E: Thymic size on chest radiograph and rapid disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis 2001;20:1112-1118.
15. De Felice C, Latini G, Del Vecchio A, Toti P, Bagnoli F, Petraglia F: Small thymus at birth: a predictive radiographic sign of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 2002;110:386-388.
16. Dales LG, Ury HK: An improper use of statistical significance testing in studying covariables. Int J Epidemiol 1978;7:373-375.
17. Dammann O, Leviton A: Role of the fetus in perinatal infection and neonatal brain damage. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000;12:99-104.
18. Tarcic N, Ovadia H, Weiss DW, Weidenfeld J: Restraint stress-induced thymic involution and cell apoptosis are dependent on endogenous glucocorticoids. J Neuroimmunol 1998;82:40-46.
19. Dominguez-Gerpe L, Rey-Mendez M: Role of pre-T-cells and chemoattractants on stress-associated thymus involution. Scand J Immunol 2000;52:470-476.
20. Fujiwara R, Shibata H, Komori T: The mechanisms of immune suppression by high-pressure stress in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:1397-1404.
21. Glavina-Durdov M, Springer O, Capkun V, Saratlija-Novakovic J, Rozic D, Barle M: The grade of acute thymus involution in neonates correlates with the duration of acute illness and with the percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood smear. Biol Neonate 2003;83:229-234.
22. Yarilin AA, Belyakov IM: Cytokines in the thymus: production and biological effects. Curr Med Chem 2004;11:447-464.
23. Li L, Hsu HC, Stockard CR, Yang P, Zhou J, Wu Q, Grizzle WE, Mountz JD: IL-12 inhibits thymic involution by enhancing IL-7 and IL-2 induced thymocyte proliferation. J Immunol 2004;172:2909-2916.
24. Morrissey PJ, Charrier K, Alpert A, Bressler L: In vivo administration of IL-1 induces thymic hypoplasia and increased levels of serum corticosterone. J Immunol 1988;141:1456-1463.
25. Bornstein SR, Rutkowski H, Vrezas I: Cytokines and steroidogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004;215:135-141.
26. Kadhim H, Tabarki B, Verellen G, De Prez C, Rona A, Sebire G: Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of periventricular leukomalacia. Neurology 2001;56:1278-1284.
27. Dammann O, Leviton A: Inflammatory brain damage in preterm newborns: dry numbers, wet lab, and causal inferences. Early Hum Dev 2004;79:1-15.
28. Ville Y: Premature delivery and inflammation. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2001;30:12-16.
29. Yoon BH, Park CW, Chaiworapongsa T: Intrauterine infection and the development of cerebral palsy. BJOG 2003;20:124-127.