Mathematical modeling of gravitational effects on the circulation: Importance of the time course of venous pooling and blood volume changes in the lungs

American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Volumn 291, Issue 5, 2006, Pages

  Van Heusden, K ^a   Gisolf, J ^a   Stok, W J ^a   Dijkstra, S ^b   Karemaker, J M ^a,c  

^a ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Baroreflex; Cardiovascular system; Modeling; Tilt table

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GRAVITY; HEART CONTRACTION; HEART MUSCLE COMPLIANCE; HEART MUSCLE RELAXATION; HUMAN; LUNG BLOOD VOLUME; LUNG CIRCULATION; MALE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION; STEADY STATE; STRESS; VENOUS PRESSURE; VENOUS STASIS; VISCOELASTICITY;

ADULT; BAROREFLEX; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD VISCOSITY; BLOOD VOLUME; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; FEMALE; GRAVITATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PULMONARY CIRCULATION; TILT-TABLE TEST; VEINS;

EID: 33751175661     PISSN: 03636135     EISSN: 15221539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01268.2004     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Akkerman EM, Karemaker JM, and Strackee J. Computer modelling the dynamics of the circulation under gravitational stress. In: Computer Analysis of Cardiovascular Signals, edited by di Rienzo M, Mancia G, Parati G, Pedotti A, and Zanchetti A. Amsterdam: IOS, 1995, p. 135-150.
2. Beneken JEW and DeWit B. A physical approach to hemodynamic aspects of the human cardiovascular system. In: Physical Bases of Circulatory Transport: Regulation and Exchange, edited by Reeve EB and Guyton AC. London: Saunders, 1967, p. 1-45.
3. Borst C, Wieling W, van Brederode JF, Hond A, de Rijk LG, and Dunning AJ. Mechanisms of initial heart rate response to postural change. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 243: H676-H681, 1982.
4. Brown KA and Ditchey RV. Human right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation defined by maximal elastance. Circulation 78: 81-91, 1988.
5. Burton AC. Physiology and Biophysics of the Circulation. Chicago, IL: Year Book, 1972.
6. Chapleau MW and Abboud FM. Contrasting effects of static and pulsatile pressure on carotid baroreceptor activity in dogs. Circ Res 61: 648-658, 1987.
7. Coleridge HM, Coleridge JC, Poore ER, Roberts AM, and Schultz HD. Aortic wall properties and baroreceptor behaviour at normal arterial pressure and in acute hypertensive resetting in dogs. J Physiol 350: 309-326, 1984.
8. Dawson CA, Rickaby DA, Linehan JH, and Bronikowski TA. Distributions of vascular volume and compliance in the lung. J Appl Physiol 64: 266-273, 1988.
9. DeBoer RW, Karemaker JM, and Strackee J. Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 253: H680-H689, 1987.
10. Dell'Italia LJ and Walsh RA. Application of a time varying elastance model to right ventricular performance in man. Cardiovasc Res 22: 864-874, 1988.
11. Edouard DA, Pannier BM, London GM, Cuche JL, and Safar ME. Venous and arterial behavior during normal pregnancy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 274: H1605-H1612, 1998.
12. Fagius J and Wallin BG. Sympathetic reflex latencies and conduction velocities in normal man. J Neurol Sci 47: 433-448, 1980.
13. Gilbert JC and Glantz SA. Determinants of left ventricular filling and of the diastolic pressure-volume relation. Circ Res 64: 827-852, 1989.
14. Gisolf J, Akkerman EM, Schreurs AW, Strackee J, Stok WJ, and Karemaker JM. Tilt table design for rapid and sinusoidal posture change with minimal vestibular stimulation. Aviat Space Environ Med 75: 1086-1091, 2004.
15. Guild SJ, Austin PC, Navakatikyan M, Ringwood JV, and Malpas SC. Dynamic relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and renal blood flow: a frequency domain approach. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281: R206-R212, 2001.
16. Guyton A. Circulatory Physiology. Arterial Pressure and Hypertension. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 1980, vol. III.
17. Guyton A, Jones C, and Coleman T. Circulatory Physiology: Cardiac Output and Its Regulation. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 1973.
18. Hakumaki MO, Wang BC, Sundet WD, and Goetz KL. Aortic baroreceptor discharge during nonhypotensive hemorrhage in anesthetized dogs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 249: H393-H403, 1985.
19. Hayward CS, Kalnins WV, and Kelly RP. Gender-related differences in left ventricular chamber function. Cardiovasc Res 49: 340-350, 2001.
20. Heldt T, Shim EB, Kamm RD, and Mark RG. Computational models of cardiovascular function for analysis of post-flight orthostatic intolerance. Comput Cardiol 26: 213-216, 1999.
21. Heldt T, Shim EB, Kamm RD, and Mark RG. Computational modeling of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress. J Appl Physiol 92: 1239-1254, 2002.
22. Hyndman B. An example of digital computer simulation: investigation of the human cardiovascular system. In: Computer Techniques in Biomedicine and Medicine, edited by Haga E et al. Philadelphia, PA: Auerbach, 1973, p. 98-120.
23. Imholz BP, Wieling W, van Montfrans GA, and Wesseling KH. Fifteen years experience with finger arterial pressure monitoring: assessment of the technology. Cardiovasc Res 38: 605-616, 1998.
24. Jaryszak EM, Baumgartner WA Jr, Peterson AJ, Presson RG Jr, Glenny RW, and Wagner WW Jr. Measuring the response time of pulmonary capillary recruitment to sudden flow changes. J Appl Physiol 89: 1233-1238, 2000.
25. Journo HJ, Chanudet XA, Pannier BM, Laroque PL, London GM, and Safar ME. Hysteresis of the venous pressure-volume relationship in the forearm of borderline hypertensive subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 82: 329-334, 1992.
26. Kondo M, Washizu M, Matsukura Y, Washizu T, Miyasaka K, and Takata M. Pressure-flow relationship and longitudinal distribution of pulmonary vascular resistance in heartworm-infected dogs. J Vet Med Sci 65: 965-970, 2003.
27. Lassen NA. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol Rev 39: 183-238, 1959.
28. Leaning M, Pullen H, Carson E, and Finkelstein L. Modelling a complex biological system: the human cardiovascular system. 2. Model validation, reduction and development. Trans Inst Meas Control 5: 87-98, 1983.
29. Leaning M, Pullen H, Carson E, and Finkelstein L. Modelling a complex biological system: the human cardiovascular system. 1. Methodology and model description. Trans Inst Meas Control 5: 71-86, 1983.
30. Lewis ML and Christianson LC. Behavior of the human pulmonary circulation during head-up tilt. J Appl Physiol 45: 249-254, 1978.
31. Milnor WR. Pulmonary hemodynamics. In: Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics, edited by Bergel DH. New York: Academic, 1972, p. 299-340.
32. Olufsen MS, Ottesen JT, Tran HT, Ellwein LM, Lipsitz LA, and Novak V. Blood pressure and blood flow variation during postural change from sitting to standing: model development and validation. J Appl Physiol 99: 1523-1537, 2005.
33. Pawelczyk JA and Raven PB. Reductions in central venous pressure improve carotid baroreflex responses in conscious men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 257: H1389-H1395, 1989.
34. Rossberg F and Martinez L. Transient behaviour of the heart rate in man depending on respiratory cycle during fast tilt [in German]. Eur J Appl Physiol 50: 291-300, 1983.
35. Rothe CF. Venous system: physiology of the capacitance vessels. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Cardiovascular System. Peripheral Circulation and Organ Blood Flow. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1983, sect. 2, vol. III, pt. 1, chapt. 13, p. 397-451.
36. Rothe CF. Reflex control of veins and vascular capacitance. Physiol Rev 63: 1281-1342, 1983.
37. Rowell LB. Human Cardiovascular Control. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 3-80.
38. Sato T, Kawada T, Inagaki M, Shishido T, Sugimachi M, and Sunagawa K. Dynamics of sympathetic baroreflex control of arterial pressure in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285: R262-R270, 2003.
39. Senzaki H, Chen CH, and Kass DA. Single-beat estimation of end-systolic pressure-volume relation in humans. A new method with the potential for noninvasive application. Circulation 94: 2497-2506, 1996.
40. Shoukas AA and Sagawa K. Total systemic vascular compliance measured as incremental volume-pressure ratio. Circ Res 28: 277-289, 1971.
41. Shoukas AA and Sagawa K. Control of total systemic vascular capacity by the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex. Circ Res 33: 22-33, 1973.
42. Simon G. Functional and structural components of reduced forearm venous distensibility in human hypertension. In: Arterial and Venous Systems in Essential Hypertension, edited by Safar M. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nijhoff, 1987, p. 67-80.
43. Smith JJ. Circulatory Response to the Upright Posture. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1990.
44. Snyder MF and Rideout VC. Computer simulation studies of the venous circulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 16: 325-334, 1969.
45. Sprangers RL, Wesseling KH, Imholz AL, Imholz BP, and Wieling W. Initial blood pressure fall on stand up and exercise explained by changes in total peripheral resistance. J Appl Physiol 70: 523-530, 1991.
46. Suga H, Sagawa K, and Shoukas AA. Load independence of the instantaneous pressure-volume ratio of the canine left ventricle and effects of epinephrine and heart rate on the ratio. Circ Res 32: 314-322, 1973.
47. Tanaka H, Sjoberg BJ, and Thulesius O. Cardiac output and blood pressure during active and passive standing. Clin Physiol 16: 157-170, 1996.
48. Taylor JA, Halliwill JR, Brown TE, Hayano J, and Eckberg DL. "Non-hypotensive" hypovolaemia reduces ascending aortic dimensions in humans. J Physiol 483: 289-298, 1995.
49. TenVoorde BJ. Modeling the Baroreflex. A Systems Analysis Approach (Thesis, Free Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992). Enschede, The Netherlands: Vrije Universiteit, 1992.
50. Terada N and Takeuchi T. Postural changes in venous pressure gradients in anesthetized monkeys. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 264: H21-H25, 1993.
51. Toska K and Walloe L. Dynamic time course of hemodynamic responses after passive head-up tilt and tilt back to supine position. J Appl Physiol 92: 1671-1676, 2002.
52. Ursino M. Interaction between carotid baroregulation and the pulsating heart: a mathematical model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 275: H1733-H1747, 1998.
53. Ursino M, Antonucci M, and Belardinelli E. Role of active changes in venous capacity by the carotid baroreflex: analysis with a mathematical model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 267: H2531-H2546, 1994.
54. Van Lieshout JJ. Cardiovascular Reflexes in Orthostatic Disorders (Thesis, Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1989). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1989.
55. Victor RG and Mark AL. Interaction of cardiopulmonary and carotid baroreflex control of vascular resistance in humans. J Clin Invest 76: 1592-1598, 1985.
56. Wallin B, Sundlof G, and Lindblad L. Baroreflex mechanisms controlling sympathetic outflow to the muscles in man. In: Arterial Baroreceptors and Hypertension, edited by Sleight P. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1980, p. 101-107.
57. Wesseling K and Settels J. Baromodulation explains short-term blood pressure variability. In: Psychophysiology of Cardiovascular Control, edited by Orlebeke J, Mulder G, and van Doornen L. New York: Plenum, 1985, p. 247-276.
58. West JB. Pulmonary blood flow and metabolism. In: Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, edited by West JB. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1990, p. 533-544.
59. Wieling W, Van Lieshout JJ, and Ten Harkel AD. Dynamics of circulatory adjustments to head-up tilt and tilt-back in healthy and sympathetically denervated subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 94: 347-352, 1998.