Polyaniline membranes for separation and purification of gases, liquids, and electrolyte solutions

Separation and Purification Reviews

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 249-283

  Sairam, Malladi ^a   Nataraj, S K ^a   Aminabhavi, Tejraj M ^a   Roy, Sukumar ^b   Madhusoodana, C D ^b  

^a KARNATAK UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED   (India)

Author keywords

Electrodialysis; Gas separation; Membrane; Pervaporation; Polyaniline

Indexed keywords

DOPING (ADDITIVES); ELECTRODIALYSIS; ELECTROLYTES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; PERVAPORATION; SOLUTIONS;

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING POLYMERS; GAS SEPARATION; POLYANILINE;

POLYMERIC MEMBRANES;

EID: 33751163016     PISSN: 15422119     EISSN: 15422127     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15422110600859727     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Ho, W.S. and Sirkar, K.K. (eds.). (1992) Membrane Handbook, Van Nostrand-Reinhold: New York.
2. Shirakawa, H., Louis, E.J., MacDiarmid, A.G., Chiang, C.K., and Heeger, A.J. (1977) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 578-580.
3. Shirakawa, H. (2001) The discovery of polyacetylene film: The dawning of an era of conducting polymers (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 40: 2574-2580.
4. MacDiarmid, A.G. (2001) Synthetic metals: A novel role for organic polymers (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 40: 2581-2590.
5. Heeger, A.J. (2001) Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The further generation of polymeric materials (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 40: 2591-2611.
6. 2. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97: 6358-6363.
7. Diaz, A.F., Kanazwa, K.K., and Gardini, G.P. (1979) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 635-636.
8. Kanazawa, K.K., Diaz, A.F., Gill, W.D., Grant, P.M., Street, G.B., Gardin, G.P., and Kwak, J.F. (1980) Polypyrrole: An electrochemically synthesized conducting organic polymer. Synth. Metals, 1: 329-336.
9. Street, G.B., Clarke, T.C., Krounbi, M., Kanazawa, K., Lee, V., Pfluger, P., Scott, J.C., and Weiser, G. (1982) Pervaporation and characterization of neutral and oxidized polypyrrole films. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 83: 253.
10. Waltman, R.J., Bargon, J., and Diaz, A.F. (1983) Electrochemical studies of some conducting polythiophene films. Phys. Chem., 87: 1459-1463.
11. Tourillon, G. and Gamier, F. (1983) Effect of dopant on the physicochemical and electrical properties of organic conducting polymers. J. Phys. Chem., 87: 2289-2292.
12. Gourley, K.D., Lillya, C.P., Raynolds, J.R., and Chien, J.C.W. (1984) Electrically Conducting Polymers: Arsenic Pentafluoride-Doped Poly(phenylenevinylene) and its Analogs. Macromolecules, 17: 1025-1033.
13. Masse, M.A., Martin, D.C., Petermann, J.H., Thomas, E.L., and Karasz, F.E. (1990) Crystal morphology in pristine and doped films of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene). J. Mater. Sci., 25: 311.
14. Diaz, A.F. and Logan, J.A. (1980) Electroactive polyaniline films. J. Electroanal. Chem., 111: 111-114.
15. Wang, B., Tang, J., and Wang, F. (1986) The effect of anions of supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical polymerization of aniline and the properties of polyaniline. Synth. Metals, 13: 329-334.
16. Chiang, J.C. and MacDiarmid, A.G. (1986) Polyaniline: Protonic acid doping of the emeraldine form to the metallic regime. Synth. Metals, 13: 193-205.
17. Amano, K., Ishikawa, H., Kobayashi, A., Sato, M., and Hasegawa, E. (1994) Thermal stability of chemically synthesized polyaniline. Synth. Metals, 62: 229-232.
18. Pyo, M., Reynolds, J.R., Warren, L.F.O., and Marcy, H.O. (1994) Long-term redox switching stability of polypyrrole. Synth. Metals, 68: 71-77.
19. Neoh, K.G., Kang, E.T., Khor, S.H., and Tan, T.L. (1990) Stability studies of polyaniline. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 27: 107-117.
20. Ray, A., Asturias, G.E., Kershner, D.L., Richter, A.F., MacDiarmid, A.G., and Epstein, A.J. (1989) Polyaniline: Doping, structure and derivatives. Synth. Metals, 29: 141-150.
21. Khor, S.H., Neoh, K.G., and Kang, E.T. (1990) Synthesis and characterization of some polyaniline organic acceptor complexes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 40: 2015-2025.
22. Geoff, A.H.L. and Berner, M.C. (1993) Protonation and oxidation processes in polyaniline thin films studied by optical multichannel analysis and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Synth. Metals, 60: 115-131.
23. Tan, K.L., Kang, E.T., and Neoh, K.G. (1994) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of charge transfer interactions in electroactive polyaniline. Polym. Adv. Technol., 5: 171-177.
24. Pouget, J.P., Jozefowicz, M.E., Epstein, A.J., Tang, X., and MacDiarmid, A.G. (1991) X-ray structure of polyaniline. Macromolecules, 24: 779-789.
25. Nicolau, Y.F. and Djurado, D. (1993) Novel crystalline structures of polyaniline. Synth. Metals, 55-57: 394-401.
26. Angelopoulous, M., Austurias, G.A., Ermer, S.P., Ray, A., Scherr, E.M., MacDiarmid, A.G., Akhtar, M., Kiss, Z., and Epstein, A.J. (1988) Polyaniline: solutions, films, and oxidation state. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 160: 151-163.
27. Cao, Y., Smith, P., and Heeger, A.J. (1992) Counter-ion induced processibility of conducting polyaniline and of conducting polyblends of polyaniline in bulk polymers. Synth. Metals, 48: 91-97.
28. Beyer, G. and Steckenbiegler, B. (1993) Improved conductivity of polyaniline by counter-ion-induced processability. Synth. Metals, 60: 169-170.
29. Kang, E.T., Neoh, K.G., and Tan, K.L. (1994) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of protonation of polyaniline films by polymeric acids. Polymer, 53: 3193-3199.
30. Chen, S.A. and Hwang, G.W. (1994) Synthesis of water-soluble self-acid-doped polyaniline. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116: 7939-7940.
31. Wang, Y.Z., Joo, J., Hsu, C.H., and Epstein, A.J. (1995) Charge transport of camphor sulfonic acid-doped polyaniline and poly(o-toluidine) fibers: Role of processing. Synth. Metals, 68: 207-211.
32. MacDiarmid, A.G. and Epstein, A.J. (1994) The concept of secondary doping as applied to polyaniline. Synth. Metals, 65: 103-116.
33. MacDiarmid, A.G., Chiang, J.C., Halpern, M., Huang, W.S., Mu, S.L., Somasiri, N.L.D., Wu, W., and Yaniger, S.I. (1985) Polyaniline: Inter-conversion of metallic and insulating forms. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 121: 173-180.
34. MacDiarmid, A.G., Chiang, J.C., Richter, A.F., and Epstein, A.J. (1987) Polyaniline: A new concept in conducting polymers. Synth. Metals, 18: 285-290.
35. Genies, E.M., Sayed, A.M., and Tsintavis, C. (1985) Electrochemical study of polyaniline in aqueous and organic medium. Redox and kinetic properties. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 121: 181-186.
36. Chen, Y., Kang, E.T., Neoh, K.G., Lim, S.L., Ma, Z.H., and Tan, K.L. (2001) Intrinsic redox states of polyaniline studied by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Colloid & Polymer Science, 279: 73-76.
37. De Surville, R., Josefowicz, M., Lu, L.T., Perichon, J., and Buvet, R. (1968) Electrochemical chains using proteolytic organic semiconductors. Electrochim. Acta, 13: 1451-1458.
38. Doriomedoff, M., Cristofini, F.H., Survile, R.D., Josefowicz, M., Yu, L.T., and Buvet, R. (1971) Direct current conductivity of polyaniline sulfates. J. Chem. Phys., 68: 1055-1069.
39. Gospodinova, N. and Terlemezyan, L. (1998) Conducting polymers prepared by oxidative polymerization: polyaniline. Prog. Polym. Sci., 23: 1443-1484.
40. Salamone, J.C. (ed.). (1996) The Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia- Synthesis, Properties and Applications. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida.
41. Anderson, M.R., Mattes, B.R., Reiss, H., and Kaner, R.B. (1991) Conjugated polymer films for gas separations. Science, 252: 1412-1415.
42. Kuwabata, S. and Martin, C.R. (1994) Investigation of the gas-transport properties of polyaniline. J. Membr. Sci., 91: 1-12.
43. +/anion transport through polyaniline membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 167: 135-146.
44. Mulder, M. (1996) Basic Principles of Membrane Technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, Netherlands.
45. Koros, W.J., Ma, Y.H., and Shimidzy, T.J. (1996) Terminology for membranes and membrane processes. J. Membr. Sci., 120: 149-159.
46. Smitha, B., Suhanya, S., Sridhar, S., and Ramakrishna, M. (2004) Separation of organic-organic mixtures by pervaporation - a review. J. Membr. Sci., 241: 1-21.
47. Tourillion, G. and Gamier, F. (1984) Morphology of conducting organic polymers: polythiophene and Poly(3-methyl thiophene). J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed., 22: 33-39.
48. Shishatskii, A.M., Yampolskii, Y.P., and Peinemann, K.V. (1996) Effects of thickness on density and gas permeation of glassy polymers. J. Membr. Sci., 112 (2): 275-285.
49. Petersen, J. and Peinemann, K.V. (1997) Novel polyamide composite membranes for gas separation prepared by interfacial polycondensation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 63 (12): 1557-1563.
50. Huang, S.C., Ball, I.J., and Kanner, R.B. (1998) Polyaniline membranes for pervaporation of carboxylic acids and water. Macromolecules, 31: 5456-5464.
51. MacDiarmid, A.G., Chiang, J.C., Richter, A.F., Somasiri, N.L.D., and Epstein, A.J. (1987) Polyaniline: Synthesis and characterization of the emeraldine oxidation by elemental analysis. In Conducting Polymers. Alacer, L. (ed.), Dordrecht: Reidel, 105-120.
52. Angelopoulos, M., Ray, M., MacDiarmid, A.G., and Epstein, A.J. (1987) Polyaniline: Processability from aqueous solutions and effect of water vapor on conductivity. Synth. Met., 21: 21-30.
53. Cao, Y., Smith, P., and Heeger, A.J. (1992) Counter-ion induced processibility of conducting polyaniline and of conducting polyblends of polyaniline in bulk polymers. Synth. Met., 48: 91-97.
54. Cao, Y., Smith, P., and Heeger, A.J. (1995) Effect of solvents and co-solvents on the processibility of polyaniline: I. solubility and conductivity studies. Synth. Met., 69: 187-190.
55. Rannou, P., Gaqlicka, A., Berner, D., Pron, A., and Nechtschein, M. (1998) Macromolecules, 31: 3007-3015.
56. Adams, P.N., Dvasagyam, P., Pomfret, S.J., Abell, L., and Monkman, A.J. (1998) Phys. Condens. Matter, 10: 8293-8303.
57. Pron, A., Laska, J., Osterholm, J.-E., and Smith, P. (1993) Polymer, 34: 4235-4240.
58. Kulszewicz-Bajer, I., Zagorska, M., Bany, A., and Lukasik, L. (1999) Spectroscopic studies of polyaniline protonated with esters of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. Synth. Met., 101: 713-714.
59. Olinga, T.E., Fraysse, J., Travers, J.P., Dufresne, A., and Pron, A. (2000) Macromolecules, 33: 2107-2113.
60. Ball, I.J., Huang, S.C., Miller, K.J., Wolf, R.A., Shimano, J.Y., and Kanner, R.B. (1999) The pervaporation of ethanol/water feeds with polyaniline membranes. Synth. Metals, 102: 1311-1312.
61. Lee, Y.M., Nam, S.Y., and Ha, S.Y. (1999) Pervaporation of water/isopropanol mixtures through polyaniline membranes doped with poly(acrylic acid). J. Membr. Sci., 159: 41-46.
62. Su, T.M., Ball, I.J., Conklin, J.A., Huang, S.C., Larson, R.K., Nguyen, S.L., Lew, B.M., and Kaner, R.B. (1997) Polyaniline/polyimide blends for pervaporation and gas separation studies. Synth. Metals, 84: 801-802.
63. Stolarczyk, A. and Lapkowski, M. (2001) Investigation of gas separation on polyaniline laminar composite membranes. Synth. Metals, 121: 1385-1386.
64. Naidu, B.V.K., Sairam, M., Raju, K.V.S.N., and Aminabhavi, T.M. (2005) Pervaporation separation of water + isopropanol mixtures using novel nanocomposite membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyaniline. J. Membr. Sci., 260: 142-155.
65. Amado, F.D.R., Gondran, E., Ferreira, J.Z., Rodrigues, M.A.S., and Ferreira, C.A. (2004) Synthesis and characterization of high impact polystyrene/polyaniline composite membranes for electrodialysis. J. Membr. Sci., 234: 139-145.
66. Lee, Y.M., Ha, S.Y., Lee, Y.K., Suh, D.H., and Hong, S.Y. (1999) Gas separation through conductive polymer membranes. 2. polyaniline membranes with high oxygen selectivity. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38: 1917-1924.
67. Orlov, A.V., Kiseleva, S.G., Karpacheva, G.P., Teplyakov, V.V., Syrtsova, D.A., Starannikova, L.E., and Lebedeva, T.L. (2003) Structure and gas separation properties of composite films based on polyaniline. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89: 1379-1384.
68. Huang, S.C., Huang, C.T., Lu, S.Y., and Chou, K.S. (1999) Ceramic/polyaniline composite porous membranes. J. Porous. Mat., 6: 153-159.
69. Tishchenko, G.A., Dybal, J., Stejskal, J., Kudela, V., Bleha, M., Rosova, Yu. E., and Elyashevich, G.K. (2002) Electrical resistance and diffusion permeability of microporous polyethylene membranes modified with polypyrrole and polyaniline in solutions of electrolytes. J. Membr. Sci., 196: 279-287.
70. Illing, G., Hellgardt, K., Schonert, M., Wakemana, R.J., and Jungbaue, A. (2005) Towards ultrathin polyaniline films for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci., 253: 199-208.
71. Osterholm, J.E., Cao, Y., Klaveffer, F., and Smith, P. (1994) Emulsion polymerization of aniline. Synth. Metals, 35: 2902-2906.
72. Henis, J.M.S. and Tripodi, M.K. (1983) The developing technology of gas separating membranes. Science, 220: 11-17.
73. Basu, A., Akhtar, J., Rahman, M.H., and Islam, M.R. (2004) A review of separation of gases using membrane systems. Petroleum Sci. Tech., 22: 1343-1368.
74. Pandey, P. and Chauhan, R.S. (2001) Membranes for gas separation. Prog. Polym. Sci., 26: 853-893.
75. Robeson, L.M. (1991) Correlation of separation factor versus permeability for polymeric membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 62: 165-168.
76. Tabe-Mohammadi, A. (1999) A review of the applications of membrane separation technology in natural gas treatment. Separ. Sci. Tech., 34: 2095-2111.
77. Anderson, M.R., Mattes, B.R., Reiss, H., and Kanner, R.B. (1991) Gas separation membranes: A novel application for conducting polymers. Synth. Metals, 41: 1151-1154.
78. Hayashi, J., Mizuta, H., Yamamoto, M., Kusakabe, K., and Morooka, S. (1997) Pore size control of carbonized BPDA-pp ODA polyimide membrane by chemical vapor deposition of carbon. J. Membr. Sci., 124: 243-251.
79. Rebattet, L., Genies, E., Allegraud, J.J., Pineri, M., and Escubes, M. (1993) Polyaniline: evidence of oxygen-polarons interaction to explain the high selectivity value in oxygen/nitrogen gas permeation experiments. Polym. Adv. Technol., 4: 32-37.
80. Rebattet, L., Escubes, M., Genies, E., and Pineri, M. (1995) Effect of doping treatment on gas transport properties and on separation factors of polyaniline membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 57: 1595-1604.
81. Liang, W. and Martin, C.R. (1991) Gas transport in electronically conductive polymers. Chem. Mater., 3: 391-394.
82. Martin, C.R., Liang, W., Menon, V., Parthasarathy, R., and Parthasarathy, A. (1993) Electronically conductive polymers as chemically-selective layers for membrane-based separations. Synth. Metals, 55-57: 3766-3773.
83. Kaner, R.B. (2002) Gas, liquid and enantiomeric separations using polyaniline. Synth. Metals, 125: 65-71.
84. Mattes, B.R., Anderson, M.R., Conklin, J.A., Reiss, H., and Kaner, R.B. (1993) Morphological modification of polyaniline films for the separation of gases. Synth. Metals, 57: 3655-3660.
85. Kim, T.H., Koros, W.J., and Husk, G.R. (1988) Advanced gas separation membrane materials: rigid aromatic polyimides. Separ. Sci. Tech., 23: 1611.
86. Koros, W.J., Coleman, M.R., and Walker, D.R.B. (1992) Controlled permeability polymer membranes. Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 22: 47-89.
87. Stolarczyk, A. and Lapkowski, M. (2001) Investigation of gas separation on polyaniline laminar composite membranes. Synth. Metals, 121: 1385-1386.
88. Illing, G., Hellgardt, K., Wakeman, R.J., and Jungbauer, A. (2001) Preparation and characterization of polyaniline membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci., 184: 69-78.
89. Pellegrino, J. and Radebaugh, R. (1996) Gas sorption in polyaniline. 1. Emeraldine base. Macromolecules, 29: 4985-4991.
90. Timashev, S.F., Valuev, V.V., Vorobiev, A.V., Salem, R.R., and Strugatshaga, A.G. (1994) Pervaporation induced by electric current. J. Membr Sci., 91: 249-258.
91. Gualy, R.G.; Lamshing, W.; Gentry, J.C.; Varela, F. (1996) Apparatus for Recovering Acetic Acid from Aqueous Streams. U.S. Patent 5,492,603.
92. Yeom, C.K. and Lee, K.H. (1996) Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. J. Membr. Sci., 109: 257-265.
93. Ball, I.J., Huang, S.C., Wolf, R.A., Shimano, J.Y., and Kaner, R.B. (2000) Pervaporation studies with polyaniline membranes and blends. J. Membr. Sci., 174: 161-176.
94. Ball, I.J., Huang, S.C., Su, T.M., and Kanner, R.B. (1997) Permselectivity and temperature-dependent permeability of polyaniline membranes. Synth. Metals, 84: 799-800.
95. Mirmohseni, A. and Saeedi, A. (1997) Applications of conducting polymer membranes. Part I: Separation of nitric and phosphoric acids. Iranian Polym. J., 6: 35-41.
96. Schmidt, V.M., Tegtmeyer, D., and Heitbaum, J. (1992) Conducting polymers as membranes with variable permeabilities for neutral compounds: Polypyrrole and polyaniline in aqueous electrolytes. Adv. Mater., 4: 428-431.
97. Tan, S., Laforgue, A., and Belanger, D. (2003) Characterization of a cation exchange/polyaniline composite membrane. Langmuir, 19: 744-751.
98. Sata, T. and Yang, W. (2002) Studies on cation-exchange membranes having permselectivity between cations in electrodialysis. J. Membr. Sci., 206: 31-60.
99. Toti, U.S. and Aminabhavi, T.M. (2003) Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures using polymeric membranes. Designed Monomers & Polymers, 6: 211-236.
100. Koops, G.H., Nolten, J.A.M., Mulder, M.H.V., and Smolders, C.A. (1993) Poly(vinyl chloride) polyacrylonitrile composite membranes for the dehydration of acetic acid. J. Membr. Sci., 81: 57-70.
101. Ray, S.K., Sawant, S.B., Joshi, J.B., and Pangarkar, V.G. (1998) Dehydration of acetic acid by pervaporation. J. Membr. Sci., 138: 1-17.
102. Hilmioglu, N.D., Yildirim, A.E., Sakaoglu, A.S., and Tulbentci, S. (2001) Acetic acid dehydration by pervaporation. Chem. Eng. Proc., 40: 263-267.
103. Huang, J., Tu, M.L., Wang, Y.C., Li, C.L., Lee, K.R., and Lai, J.Y. (2001) Dehydration of acetic acid by pervaporation through an asymmetric polycarbonate membrane. Eur. Polym. J., 37: 527-534.
104. Chang, B.M.J., Liao, Y.H., Myerson, A.S., and Kwei, T.K. (1996) Gas transport properties of polyaniline membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 62: 1427-1436.
105. Kaner, R.B.; Anderson, R.; Mattes, B.R.; Reiss, H. Membranes having selective permeability. U.S. Patent 5,096,586.