Precipitation and total power consumption in the ionosphere: Global MHD simulation results compared with Polar and SNOE observations

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 861-872

  Palmroth, M ^a   Janhunen, P ^a,b   Germany, G ^c   Lummerzheim, D ^d   Liou, K ^e   Baker, D N ^f   Barth, C ^f   Weatherwax, A T ^g   Watermann, J ^h  

^a FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^g SIENA COLLEGE   (United States)

^h DANISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AURORA; ENERGY FLUX; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); STORM;

EID: 33751097721     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: 14320576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-24-861-2006     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Akasofu, S.-I.: Energy coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 28, 121-190, 1981.
2. Bailey, S. M., Barth, C. A., and Solomon, S. C.: A model of nitric oxide in the lower thermosphere, Journal of Geophys. Res., 107(A8), 1205, doi:10.1029/2001JA000258, 2002.
3. Baker, D. N., Turner, N. E., and Pulkkinen, T. I.: Energy transport and dissipation in the magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms, J. Atm. Solar Terr. Phys., 63, 421-429, 2001.
4. Barth, C. A., Baker, D. N., Mankoff, K. D., and Bailey, S. M.: The northern auroral region as observed in nitric oxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1463-1466, 2001.
5. Barth, C. A., Baker, D. N., and Bailey, S. M.: Seasonal variation of auroral electron precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, doi:10.1029/2003GL018892, 2004.
6. Birn, J., Drake, J. F., Shay, M. A., Rogers, B. N., Denton, R. E., Hesse, M., Kuznetsova, M., Ma, Z. W., Bhattacharjee, A., Otto, A., and Pritchett, P. L.: Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) magnetic reconnection challenge, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3715-3720, 2001.
7. Carbary, J. F., Sotirelis, T., Newell, P. T., and Meng, C.-I.: Correlation of LBH intensities with precipitating particle energies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13801, doi:10.1029/2004GL019888, 2004.
8. Fuller-Rowell, T. J.: The dynamics of the lower thermosphere, in: The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., 87, edited by: Johnson, R. M., and Killeen, T. L., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 23-36, 1995.
9. Germany, G. A., Parks, G. K., Brittnacher, M. J., Cumnock, J., Lummerzheim, D., Spann, J. F., Chen, L., Richards, P. G., and Rich, F. J.: Remote determination of auroral energy characteristic during substorm activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 995-998, 1997.
10. Germany, G. A., Spann, J. F., Parks, G. K., Brittnacher,M. J., Elsen, R., Chen, L., Lummerzheim, D., and Rees, M. H.: Auroral observations from POLAR ultraviolet imager (UVI), in: Geospace Mass and Energy Flow: Results From the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol 104, edited by: Horwitz, J., Gallagher, D., and Peterson, W., AGU, Washington, D.C., 149-160, 1998.
11. Germany, G. A., Spann, J. F., Deverapalli, C., and Hung, C.: The utility of auroral image-based activity metrics, Eos. Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract SA51B-0247, 2004.
12. Hardy, D. A., Gussenhoven, M. S., Raistrick, R., and McNeil, W. J.: Statistical and functional representations of auroral energy flux, number flux and conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12 275-12 294, 1987.
13. Janhunen, P.: GUMICS-3: A global ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling simulation with high ionospheric resolution, in: Proc. of Environmental Modelling for Space-Based Applications, Sept. 18-20 1996, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., ESA SP-392, 233-239, 1996.
14. Janhunen, P.: Reconstruction of electron precipitation characteristics from a set of multiwavelength digital all-sky auroral images, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18 505-18 516, 2001.
15. Kamide, Y. and Richmond, A. D.: Ionospheric conductivity dependence of electric field and current estimates from ground-based observations, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8331-8337, 1982.
16. Knipp, D. J., Emery, B. A., Engebretson, M., Li, X., McAllister, A. H., Mukai, T., Kakubun, S., Reeves, G. D., Evans, D., Obara, T., Pi, X., Rosenberg, T., Weatherwax, A., McHarg, M. G., Chun, F., Mosely, K., Codrescu, M., Lanzerotti, L., Rich, F. J., Sharber, J., and Wilkinson, P.: An overview of the early November 1993 geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26 197-26 220, 1998.
17. Liou, K., Newell, P. T., and Meng, C.-I.: Seasonal effects on auroral particle acceleration and precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5531-5542, 2001.
18. Liou, K., Carbary, J. F., Newell, P. T., Meng, C.-I., and Rasmussen, O.: Correlation of auroral power with the polar cap index, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A3), doi:10.1029/2002JA009556, 2003.
19. Lu, G., Baker, D. N., McPherron, R. L., Farrugia, C. J, Lummerzheim, D., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Rich, F. J., Evans, D. S., Lepping, R. P., Brittnacher, M., Li, X., Greenwald, R., Sofko, G., Villain, J., Lester, M., Thayer, J., Moretto, T., Milling, D., Troshichev, O., Zaitzev, A., Odintzov, V., Makarov, G., and Hayashi, K.: Global energy deposition during the January 1997 magnetic cloud event, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11 685-11 694, 1998.
20. Lummerzheim, D., Rees, M. H., Carve, J. D., and Frank, L. A.: Ionospheric conductances derived for DE-1 auroral images, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 281-292, 1991.
21. Lummerzheim, D., Brittnacher, M., Evans, D., Germany, G. A., Parks, G. K., Rees, M. H., and Spann, J. F.: High time resolution study of the hemispheric power carried by energetic electrons into the ionosphere during the May 19/20, 1996 auroral activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 987-990, 1997.
22. Newell, P. T., Lyons, K. M., and Meng, C.-I.: A large survey of electron acceleration events, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2599-2614, 1996.
23. Østgaard, N., Vondrak, R. R., Gjerloev, J. W., and Germany, G. A.: A relation between the energy deposition by electron precipitation and geomagnetic indices during substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A9), doi:10.1029/2001JA002003, 2002a.
24. Østgaard, N., Germany, G. A., Stadsnes, J., and Vondrak, R. R.: Energy analysis of substorms based on remote sensing techniques, solarwind measurements and geomagnetic indices. J Geophys. Res., 107(A9), doi:10.1029/2001JA002002, 2002b.
25. Palmroth, M., Janhunen, P., Pulkkinen, T. I., and Peterson, W. K.: Cusp and magnetopause locations in global MHD simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29 435-29 450, 2001.
26. Palmroth, M., Janhunen, P., Pulkkinen, T. I., and Koskinen, H. E. J.: Ionospheric energy input as a function of solar wind parameters: global MHD simulation results, Ann. Geophys., 22, 549-566, 2004a.
27. Palmroth, M., Pulkkinen, T. I., Janhunen, P., and Koskinen, H. E. J.: Ionospheric power consumption in global MHD simulation predicted from solar wind measurements, IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sci., 32, 1511-1518, 2004b.
28. Palmroth, M., Janhunen, P., Pulkkinen, T. I., Aksnes, A., Lu, G., Østgaard, N., Watermann, J., Reeves, G. D., and Germany, G. A.: Assessment of ionospheric Joule heating by GUMICS-4 MHD simulation, AMIE, and satellite-based statistics: Towards a synthesis, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2051-2068, 2005.
29. Pulkkinen, T. I., Ganushkina, N. Yu., Tanskanen, E. I., Lu, G., Baker, D. N., Turner, N. E., Fritz, T. A., Fennel, J. F., and Roeder, J.: Energy dissipation during a geomagnetic storm: May 1998, Adv. Space Res., 30, 2231-2240, 2002.
30. Slinker, S. P., Fedder, J. A., Emery, B. A., Baker, K. B., Lummerzheim, D., Lyon, J. G., and Rich, F. J.: Comparison of global MHD simulations with AMIE simulations for the events of May 19-20, 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28 379-28 395, 1999.
31. Tanskanen, E. I., Pulkkinen, T. I., Koskinen, H. E. J., and Slavin, J. A.: Substorm energy budget near solar minimum and maximum: 1997 and 1999 compared, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JA900153, 2002.
32. Torr, M. R., Torr, D. G., Zukic, M., Johnson, R. B., Ajello, J., Banks, P., Clark, K., Cole, K., Keffer, C., Parks, G., Tsurutani, B., and Spann, J.: A far ultraviolet imager for the international solar-terrestrial physics mission, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 329-383, 1995.
33. Vasyliunas, V. M., Kan, J. R., Siscoe, G. L., and Akasofu, S.-I.: Scaling relations governing magnetospheric energy transfer, Planet. Space Sci., 30(4), 359-365, 1982.