Individual-level and community-level effects of war trauma on social representations related to humanitarian law

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 907-930

  Elcheroth, Guy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33751096459     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: 10990992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.330     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Archer, D., & Gartner, R. (1984). Violence and crime in cross-national perspective. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
2. Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193-209.
3. Barclay, C. R. (1995). Autobiographical remembering: Narrative constraints on objectified selves. In D. C. Rubin (Ed.), Remembering our past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Bar-Tal, D. (2004). The necessity of observing real life situations: Palestinian-Israeli violence as a laboratory for learning abour social behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 677-701.
5. Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London, Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
6. Biro, M., Ajdukovic, D., Corkalo, D., Djipa, D., Milin, P., & Weinstein, H. M. (2004). Attitudes toward justice and social reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. In E. Stover, & H. M. Weinstein (Eds.), My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Blalock, H. M. (1984). Contextual-effects models: Theoretical and methodological issues. American Review of Sociology, 10, 353-372.
8. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
9. Chan, D. (1998). Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: A typology of composition models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 234-246.
10. Clémence, A. (1994). Solidarités en Suisse. Lausanne: Réalités Sociales.
11. Crosby, F. J. (1984). The denial of personal discrimination. American behavioral scientist, 27(3), 371-386.
12. Crosby, F. J., & Ropp, S. A. (2002). Awakening to discrimination. In M. Ross, & D. T. Miller (Eds.), The justice motive in everyday life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: Dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Kluwer Academics, Plenum Publishers.
14. Dale, N., Danko, R., & Breen, M. (2001). Confronting adolescent bias and intolerance through cross-cultural immersion: An American-Croatian collaboration. Child Welfare, 80(5), 623-630.
15. Danieli, Y, Rodley, N. S., & Weisaeth, L. (1996). International responses to traumatic stress. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing Company.
16. Doise, W. (1986). Les représentations sociales: Définition d'un concept. In W. Doise, & A. Palmonari (Eds.), L'étude des représentations sociales. Neuchâtel: Delachaux & Niestlé.
17. Doise, W. (2002). Human rights as social representations. London: Routledge.
18. Doise, W., Clémence, A., & Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (1993). The quantitative analysis of social representations. Hertfordshire, UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
19. Doise, W., Spini, D., & Clémence, A. (1999). Human rights studied as social representations in a cross-national context. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(1), 1-29.
20. Elcheroth, G. (2005). Réagir au harcèlement. De la victimisation à la vulnérabilité collective. In M. Sanchez-Mazas, & G. Koubi (Eds.), Le harcèlement. De la société solidaire à la société solitaire. Brussels: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles.
21. Eidelson, R. J., & Eidelson, J. I. (2003). Dangerous ideas. Five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict. American psychologist, 58(3), 182-192.
22. Gély, R. (in press). The philosophical implications of a research on the social representations of human rights. Social Science Information.
23. Gilligan, J. (2001). Preventing violence. New York: Thames and Hudson.
24. Goldstone, J. A., Gurr, T. R., Harff, B., Levy, M. A., Marshall, M. G., Bates, R. H., Epstein, D. L., Kahl, C. H., Surko, P. T., Ulfelder, J. C., & Unger, A. N. (2000). State failure task force report: Phase III findings. McLean, VA: Science Applications International Corporation.
25. Gollob, H. F. (1991). Methods for estimating individual- and group-level correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 376-381.
26. Greenberg Research Inc. (1999). The people on war report: ICRC worldwide consultation on the rules of war. Geneva: ICRC publications.
27. Greenwood, J. D. (2004). The disappearance of the social in American social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press.
28. Harroff-Tavel, M. (2003). Do wars ever end? The work of the International Committee of the Red Cross when the guns fall silent. International Review of the Red Cross, 85, 465-496.
29. Herrera, M., Lavallée, M., & Doise, W. (2001). Représentations sociales des droits de l'homme auprès de diverses communautés culturelles au Québec. Revue Quebecoise de Psychologie, 19(3), 151-187.
30. Holleufer, G., Briton, N., & Leaning, J. (2002). The Harvard People on War Project: Afghanistan, Israel-Palestine & Bosnia-Herzegovina Country Reports. Geneva, Harvard: ICRC & Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University.
31. Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied logistic regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
32. Hox, J. (2002). Multilevel analysis: Techiques and applications. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
33. Kenny, D. A., & La Voie, L. (1985). Separating individual and group effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 339-348.
34. Lerner, M. J. (1998). The two forms of belief in a just world: Some thoughts on why and how people care about justice. In L. Montada, & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in a just world. New York, London: Plenum Press.
35. Levy, R. (1990). Zur soziologischen Thematisierung von Risiko und Sicherheit: Kein Schlusswort. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 3, 421-428.
36. Lewin, K. (1942). Field theory and Learning. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education 41(2), 251-242.
37. Liu, L. (2004). Sensitising concept, themata and shareness: A dialogical perspective of social representations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34(3), 249-264.
38. Longman, T., Pham, P., & Weinstein, H. M. (2004). Connecting justice to human experience: attitudes toward accountability and reconciliation in Rwanda. In E. Stover, & H. M. Weinstein (Eds.), My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Lumsden, M. (1997). Breaking the cycle of violence. Journal of Peace Research, 34(4), 377-383.
40. Markova, I. (2000). Amédée or how to get rid of it: Social representations from a dialogical perspective. Culture & Psychology, 6(4), 419-460.
41. McCullagh, P., & Neider, J. A. (1989). Generalized linear models (2nd ed.). London: Chapman & Hall.
42. McDougall, W. (1920) The group mind: A sketch of the principles of collective psychology with some attempt to apply them to the interpretation of national life and character. New York: G. P. Putman's Sons.
43. Montada, L., & Lerner, M. J. (1998). Responses to victimizations and belief in a just world. New York & London: Plenum Press.
44. Molinari, L., Melotti, G., & Emiliani, F. (2002). Children's rights in educational relationships. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 17(2), 139-155.
45. Moscovici, S. (1988). Notes toward a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 211-250.
46. Ostroff, C. (1993). Comparing correlations based on individual-level and aggregate data. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 569-582.
47. Petersen, R. D. (2002). Understanding ethnic violence. Fear, hatred, and resentment in twentieth-century Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
48. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., Cheong, Y. F., & Congdon, R. (2004). HLM6. Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Lincolnwood: Scientific Software International.
49. Robinson, W. S. (1950). Ecological correlations and the behaviour of individuals. American Sociological Review, 15(3), 351-357.
50. Sarkees, M. R. (2000). The correlates of war data on war: An update to 1997. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 18(1), 123-144.
51. Sassòli, M. & Bouvier, A. (1999). How does law protect in war? Geneva: ICRC Publications.
52. Sassòli, M., & Bouvier, A. (2003). Un droit dans la guerre? Geneva: ICRC Publications.
53. Searle, J. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York: The Free Press.
54. Shalev, A. Y., Yehuda, R., & McFarlance, A. C. (2000). International handbook of human responses to trauma. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
55. Spini, D., & Doise, W. (2005). Universal rights and duties as normative social representations. In N. J. Finkel, & F. Moghaddam (Eds.), The psychology of rights and duties: Empirical contributions and normative commentaries. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
56. Staerklé, C., & Clémence, A. (2004). Why people are committed to human rights and still tolerate their violation: A contextual analysis of the principle-application gap. Social justice research, 17(4), 389-406.
57. Staerklé, C., Roux, P., Delay, C., & Gianettoni, L. (2003). Droits et appartenances dans une société fragilisée: analyse de la légitimité populaire de l'Etat social suisse. Rapport de recherche final pour le Fonds National Suisse pour la recherche scientifique, PNR 45. Berne, Switzerland: FNRS.
58. Staub, E., & Bar-Tal, D. (2003). Genocide, mass killing, and intractable conflict: Roots, evolution, prevention, and reconciliation. In D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jervis (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political psychology. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
59. Stover, E., & Weinstein, H. M. (2004). My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Taylor, D. M., Wright, S. C. Moghaddam, F. M., & Lalonde, R. N. (1990). The personal/group discrimination discrepancy: Perceiving my group, but not myself, to be a target for discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16(2), 254-262.
61. Tyler, T. R., & Smith, H. J. (1998). Social justice and social movements. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & Lindzey G. (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
62. Vertzberger, Y. Y. I. (1997). The antinomies of collective political trauma: A pre-theory. Political psychology, 18(4), 863-876.
63. Widom, C. S. (1989). The cycle of violence. Science, 244, 160-166.