EISCAT observations of plasma patches at sub-auroral cusp latitudes

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 24, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 2363-2374

  Moen, J ^a,g   Carlson, H C ^b   Oksavik, K ^c   Nielsen, C P ^d   Pryse, S E ^e   Middleton, H R ^e   McCrea, I W ^f   Gallop, P ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

^d NORWEGIAN POLAR INSTITUTE   (Norway)

^e ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f RUTHERFORD APPLETON LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY CENTRE IN SVALBARD   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AURORA; PLASMA;

EID: 33751094822     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: 14320576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-24-2363-2006     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Anderson, D. N., Buchau, J., and Heelis, R. A.: Origin of density enhancements in the winter polar cap ionosphere, Radio Sci., 23, 513-519, 1988.
2. Buchau, J., Reinisch, B. W., Weber, E. J., and Moore, J. G.: Structure and dynamics of the winter polar cap F-region, Radio Sci., 18, 995-1010, 1983.
3. Carlson, H. C., Oksavik, K., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., and Guio, P.: ESR mapping of polar-cap patches in the dark cusp, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), 1386, doi:10.1029/2001GL014087, 2002.
4. Carlson, H. C., Oksavik, K., Moen, J., and Pedersen, T.: Ionospheric patch formation: Direct measurements of the origin of a polar cap patch, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(8), L08806, doi:10.1029/2003GL018166, 2004.
5. Carlson, H. C., Moen, J., Oksavik, K., Nielsen, C. P., McCrea, I. W., Pedersen, T. R., and Gallop, P.: Direct observations of injection events of subauroral plasma into the polar cap, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05103, doi:10.1029/2005GL025230, 2006.
6. Chaturvedi, P. K. and Ossakow, S. L.: The current convective instability as applied to the auroral ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4811-4814, 1981.
7. Cowley, S. W. H. and Lockwood, M.: Excitation and decay of solar wind-driven flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, Ann. Geophys., 10, 103-115, 1992, http://www.ann-geophys.net/10/103/1992/.
8. Crowley, G.: Critical review of ionospheric patches and blobs, in: Review of Radio Science 1992-1996, edited by: Stone, W. R., Oxford University Press, UK, 619-648, 1996.
9. Dandekar, B. S.: Solar cycle dependence of polar cap patch activity, Radio Sci., 37(1), 1013, doi:10.1029/2000RS002562, 2002.
10. Dandekar, B. S. and Bullett, T. W.: Morphology of polar cap patch activity, Radio Sci., 34(5), 1187-1206, 1999.
11. Denig, W. F., Burke, W. J., Maynard, N. C., Rich, F. J., Jacobsen, B., Sandholt, P. E., Egeland, A., Leontjev, S., and Vorobjev, V. G.: Ionospheric signatures of dayside magnetopause transients: A case study using satellite and ground measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5969-5980, 1993.
12. Foster, J. C.: Ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric convection, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 855-865, 1984.
13. Foster, J. C.: Storm time plasma transport at middle and high-latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1675-1689, 1993.
14. Foster, J. C. and Doupnik, J. R.: Plasma convection in the vicinity of the dayside cleft, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9107-9113, 1984.
15. Foster, J. C. and Burke, W. J.: SAPS: A new characterization for sub-auroral electric fields, EOS, 83, 393-394, 2002.
16. Foster, J. C. and Vo, H. B.: Average characteristics and activity dependence of the subauroral polarization stream, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (A12), 1475, doi:10.1029/2002JA009409, 2002.
17. Foster, J. C., Erickson, P. J., Coster, A. J., Goldstein, J., and Rich, F. J.: Ionospheric signatures of plasmaspheric tails, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(13), 1623, doi:10.1029/2002GL015067, 2002.
18. Foster, J. C., Coster, A. J., Erickson, P. J., Rich, F. J., and Sandel, B. R.: Stormtime observations of the flux of plasmaspheric ions to the dayside cusp/magnetopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L08809, doi:10.1029/2004GL020082, 2004a.
19. Foster, J. C., Erickson, P. J., Lind, F. D., and Rideout, W.: Millstone Hill coherent-scatter radar observations of electric field variability in the sub-auroral polarization stream, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021271, 2004b.
20. Foster, J. C., Coster, A. J., Erickson, P. J., Holt, J. M., Lind, F. D., Rideout, W., McCready, M., van Eyken, A., Barnes, R. J., Greenwald, R. A., and Rich, F.: Multiradar observations of the polar tongue of ionization, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S31, doi:10.1029/2004JA010928, 2005.
21. Heppner, J. P. and Maynard, N. C.: Empirical high-latitude electric field models, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4467-4490, 1987.
22. Lockwood, M. and Carlson, H. C.: Production of polar cap electron density patches by transient magnetopause reconnection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1731-1734, 1992.
23. Lockwood, M., Moen, J., Cowley, S. W. H., Farmer, A. D., Løvhaug, U. P., Lühr, H., and Davda, V. N.: Variability of dayside convection and motions of the cusp/cleft aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1011-1014, 1993.
24. Lockwood., M.: Identifying the open-closed field line boundary, in: Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena, edited by: Moen, J., Egeland, A., and Lockwood, M., NATO Advanced Study Institute Series, Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrect, Vol. 509, 415-432, 1998.
25. Lockwood, M., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., Davies, J. A., Oksavik, K., and McCrea, I. W.: Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: I. Observations of pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate, Ann. Geophys., 23, 3495-3511, 2005a.
26. Lockwood, M., Davies, J. A., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., Oksavik, K., McCrea, I. W., and Lester, M.: Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: II., Generation of poleward-moving events and polar cap patches by pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate, Ann. Geophys., 23, 3513-3532, 2005b.
27. Lorentzen, D. A., Shumilov, N., and Moen, J.: Drifting airglow patches in relation to tail reconnection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02806, doi:10.1029/2003GL017785, 2004.
28. McEwen, D. J. and Harris, D. P.: Observations of F-layer patches and their convection over the north magnetic-pole, Adv. Space. Res., 16 (1), 69-72, 1995.
29. McEwen, D. J. and Harris, D. P.: Occurrence patterns of F layer patches over the north magnetic pole, Radio Sci., 31, 619-628, 1996.
30. McEwen, D. J., Harris, D. P., MacDougall, J. W., and Grant, I. F.: Drifting F-layer patches over the magnetic pole, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 47, 527-537, 1995.
31. McEwen, D. J., Guo, W., MacDougall, J. W., and Jayachandran, P. T.: The polar ionosphere, Adv. Space Res., 34 (9), 2080-2084, 2004.
32. Milan, S. E., Lester, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Moen, J., Sandholt, P. E., and Owen, C. J.: Meridian-scanning photometer observations of the cusp: a case study, Ann. Geophys., 17, 159-172, 1999, http://www.ann-geophys.net/17/159/1999/.
33. Milan, S. E., Lester, M., and Yeoman, T. K.: HF radar polar patch formation revisited: summer and winter variations in dayside plasma structuring, Ann. Geophys., 20, 487-499, 2002, http://www.ann-geophys.net/20/487/2002/.
34. Milan, S. E., Lester, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Oksavik, K., Brittnacher, M., Greenwald, R. A., Sofko, G., and Villain, J.-P.: Variations in the polar cap area during two substorm cycles, Ann. Geophys., 21, 1121-1140, 2003, http://www.ann-geophys.net/21/1121/2003/.
35. Milan, S. E., Basu, S., Yeoman, T. K., Sheehan, R. E.: A comparison of satellite scintillation measurements with HF radar backscatter characteristics, Ann. Geophys., 23, 3451-3455, 2005, http://www.ann-geophys.net/23/3451/2005/.
36. Mishin, E. V., Burke, W. J., Huang, C. Y., and Rich, F. J.: Electromagnetic wave structures within subauroral polarization streams, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A8), 1309, doi:10.1029/2002JA009793, 2003.
37. Moen, J., Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M., Denig,W. F., Løvhaug, U. P., Lybekk, B., Egeland, A., Opsvik, D., and Friis-Christensen, E.: Events of enhanced convection and related dayside auroral activity, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23 917-23 934, 1995.
38. Moen, J., Lorentzen, D. A., and Sigernes, F.: Dayside moving auroral forms and bursty proton auroral events in relation to particle boundaries observed by NOAA-12, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 855-14 863, 1998.
39. Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., and Carlson, H. C.: EISCAT Svalbard Radar observations of ionospheric plasma dynamics in relation to dayside auroral transients, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21 453-21 461, 2001.
40. Moen, J., Lockwood, M., Oksavik, K., Carlson, H. C., Denig, W. F., van Eyken, A. P., and McCrea, I.W.: The dynamics and relationships of precipitation, temperature and convection boundaries in the dayside auroral ionosphere, Ann. Geophys., 22 (6), 1973-1987, 2004.
41. Ogawa, T., Nishitani, N., Pinnock, M., Sato, N., Yamagishi, H., and Yukimatu, A. S.: Antarctic HF radar observations of irregularities associated with polar patches and auroral blobs: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26 547-26 558, 1998.
42. Oksavik, K., Moen, J., and Carlson, H. C.: High-resolution observations of the small-scale flow pattern associated with a poleward moving auroral form in the cusp, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L11807, doi:10.1029/2004GL019838, 2004.
43. Oksavik, K., Moen, J., Carlson, H. C., Greenwald, R. A., Milan, S. E., Lester, M., Denig, W. F., and Barnes, R. J.: Multi-instrument mapping of the small-scale flow dynamics related to a cusp auroral transient, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2657-2670, 2005, http://www.ann-geophys.net/23/2657/2005/.
44. Oksavik, K., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Greenwald, R. A., Baker, J. B. H., Moen, J., Carlson, H. C., Yeoman, T. K., and Lester, M.: Observations of isolated polar cap patches by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Finland radars, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05310, doi:10.1029/2005JA011400, 2006a.
45. Oksavik, K., Greenwald, R. A., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Hairston, M. R., Paxton, L. J., Baker, J. B. H., Gjerloev, J. W., and Barnes, R. J.: First observations of the temporal/spatial variation of the sub-auroral polarization stream from the SuperDARN Wallops HF radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12104, doi:10.1029/2006GL026256, 2006b.
46. Pitout, F. and Blelly, P.: Electron density in the cusp ionosphere: increase or depletion?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(14), 1726, doi:10.1029/2003GL017151, 2003.
47. Pitout, F., Escoubet, C. P., and Lucek, E. A.: Ionospheric plasma density structures associated with magnetopause motion: a case study using the Cluster spacecraft and the EISCAT Svalbard Radar, Ann. Geophys., 22, 2369-2379, 2004, http://www.ann-geophys.net/22/2369/2004/.
48. Pryse, S. E., Sims, R. W., Moen, J., Kersley, L., Lorentzen, D., and Denig, W. F.: Evidence for solar-production as a source of polar-cap plasma, Ann. Geophys., 22, 1093-1102, 2004, http://www.ann-geophys.net/22/1093/2004/.
49. Rodger, A. S. and Graham, A. C.: Diurnal and seasonal occurrence of polar cap patches, Ann. Geophys., 14, 533-537, 1996, http://www.ann-geophys.net/14/533/1996/.
50. Rodger, A. S., Pinnock, M., Dudeney, J. R., Baker, K. B., and Greenwald, R. A.: A new mechanism for polar patch formation, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6425-6436, 1994.
51. Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M., Oguti, T., Cowley, S. W. H., Freeman, K. S. C., Lybekk, B., Egeland, A., and Willis, D. M.: Midday auroral breakup events and related energy and momentum transfer from the magnetosheath, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1039-1060, 1990.
52. Sandholt, P. E., Moen, J., Rudland, A., Opsvik, D., Denig, W. F., and Hansen, T.: Auroral event sequences at the dayside polar cap boundary for positive and negative IMF BY, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7737-7756, 1993.
53. Sandholt, P. E., Farrugia, C. J., Moen, J., Cowley, S. W. H., and Lybekk, B.: Dynamics of the aurora and associated convection currents during a cusp bifurcation event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4313-4316, 1998.
54. Sojka, J. J., Bowline, M. D., Schunk, R. W., Decker, D. T., Valladares, C. E., Sheehan, R., Anderson, D. N., and Heelis, R. A.: Modeling polar cap F-region patches using time varying convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1783-1786, 1993.
55. Tsunoda, R. T.: High-latitude F region irregularities: A review and synthesis, Rev. Geophys., 26, 719-760, 1988.
56. Valladares, C. E., Basu, S., Buchau, J., and Friis-Christensen, E.: Experimental evidence for the formation and entry of patches into the polar cap, Radio Sci., 29(1), 167-194, 1994.
57. Valladares, C. E., Decker, D. T., Sheehan, R., and Anderson, D. N.: Modeling the formation of polar cap patches using large plasma flows, Radio Sci., 31(3), 573-594, 1996.
58. Valladares, C. E., Decker, D. T., Sheehan, R., Anderson, D. N., Bullett, T., and Reinisch, B. W.: Formation of polar cap patches associated with north-to-south transitions of the interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A7), 14 657-14 670, 1998.
59. Walker, I. K., Moen, J., Kersley, L., and Lorentzen, D. A.: On the possible role of cusp/cleft precipitation in the formation of polar-cap patches, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1298-1305, 1999, http://www.ann-geophys.net/17/1298/1999/.
60. Weber, E., Buchau, J., Moore, J. G., Sharber, J. R., Livingstone, R. C., Winningham, J. C., and Reinisch, B. W.: F-layer ionisation patches in the polar cap, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1683-1694, 1984.