Al-Qaeda's saudi origins islamist ideology

Middle East Quarterly

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2006, Pages

  Shavit, Uriya ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33751017701     PISSN: 10739467     EISSN: 10739467     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Douglas A. Boyd, "Saudi Arabia Broadcasting: Radio and Television in a Wealthy Islamic State," Middle East Review, Summer and Fall 1980, p. 20.
2. Douglas A. Boyd, Middle East Review, Ibid, pp. 22-3;
3. Robert Lacey, The Kingdom (New York and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1979), pp. 369-70.
4. On Saudi Arabia's quick path to modernization, see Helen Lackner, A House Built on Sand: A Political Economy of Saudi Arabia (London: Ithaca Press, 1978), pp. 172-212.
5. On 'Utaibi's movement, see Joseph A. Kechician, "Islamic Revivalism and Change in Saudi Arabia," The Muslim World, Jan. 1990, p. 12;
6. Lacey, The Kingdom, pp. 478-89.
7. Muhammad 'Abd al-'Alim Marsi, Ath-Thakafa ...Wal-Ghazu ath-Thakafi fi Duwal al-Khalij al-'Arabia (Riyadh: Maktabat al-'Abikan, 1995), pp. 129-72;
8. "Min Sayhkim as-Saudiya: Al-Mal am as-Salafiya," Al-Bilad (Beirut), June 15, 1991.
9. Hassan Muhammad Hassan, Wassa'il Muqawamat al-Ghazu al-Fikri lil-'Alam al-Islami (Mecca: Rabitat al-'Alam al-Islami, 1981), pp. 7-63, 149.
10. Hassan Muhammad Hassan, Wassa'il Muqawamat al-Ghazu al-Fikri lil-'Alam al-Islami Ibid., pp. 56-5.
11. Hassan Muhammad Hassan, Wassa'il Muqawamat al-Ghazu al-Fikri lil-'Alam al-Islami Ibid., pp. 79-176.
12. Mariam Abu Zahab and Olivier Roy, Islamist Networks: The Afghan-Pakistan Connection (London: Hurst & Company, 2004), pp. 12-8;
13. 'Atef S'adawa, "Mustaqbal al-Afghan al-Arab," Al-Dimuqratiya (Cairo), Jan. 2002, pp. 203-13.
14. 'Abdallah 'Azzam, 'Ad-Dif'a 'an Aradi al-Muslimin Ahamu Furudh al-'Ayn (Amman: Maktabat ar-Risala al-Haditha, 1987), pp. 19-32, 42-9.
15. 'Abdallah 'Azzam, 'Ad-Dif'a 'an Aradi al-Muslimin Ahamu Furudh al-'Ayn Ibid., p. 33.
16. 'Abdallah 'Azzam, 'Ad-Dif'a 'an Aradi al-Muslimin Ahamu Furudh al-'Ayn Ibid., pp. 34-8.
17. 'Abdallah 'Azzam, 'Ad-Dif'a 'an Aradi al-Muslimin Ahamu Furudh al-'Ayn Ibid., P. 5.
18. Jacob Goldberg, "Saudi Arabia," Middle East Contemporary Survey, XIV (1990): 607.
19. Mamun Fandi, Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001), p. 90;
20. Mahmud al-Rif'ai, Al-Mashru al-Islakhi fi as-Saudia: Kissat al-Hawali wal-'Awda (Washington: n.p., 1995), p. 18.
21. Fandi, Saudi Arabia, pp. 62-3;
22. Rif'ai, Al-Mashru al-Islakhi fi as-Saudia al-Islahi fi as-Saudiya, pp. 16-7, 30-1.
23. S'ad Rashid al-Fakih, Zalzal as-Saud (London: Al-Haraka al-Islamiya lil-Islah, n.d), pp. 31-2.
24. See also, Safar al-Hawali, Haqa'iq hawl Azmat al-Khalij (Cairo: Dar Mecca al-Mukarama, 1991), pp. 110-5, 126-35.
25. Fandi, Saudi Arabia, pp. 49-50;
26. Goldberg, "Saudi Arabia," pp. 21-622.
27. Rif'ai, Al-Mashru al-Islakhi fi as-Saudia al-Islahi fi as-Saudiya, pp. 20-1;
28. Fakih, Zalzal as-Saud, pp. 38-44.
29. Al-Bilad, June 15, 1991.
30. Fakih, Zalzal as-Saud, p. 49.
31. Ash-Sh'ab (Cairo), May 21, 1991;
32. Rif'ai, Al-Mashru al-Islakhi fi as-Saudia al-Islahi fi as-Saudiya, pp 107-8.
33. Rif'ai, Al-Mashru al-Islakhi fi as-Saudia al-Islahi fi as-Saudiya, pp. 110-1.
34. Fakih, Zalzal as-Saud, pp. 63-70.
35. Joshua Teitelbaum, Holier than Thou: Saudi Arabia's Islamic Opposition (Washington: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2000), p. 101.
36. King Fahd, interview on MBC, Foreign Broadcasting Information Service (FBIS), NES-223-91, Nov. 19, 1991;
37. 'Adnan Kamil, "At-Telefision al-Fadaa'i Keif wa Limadha," 'Ukaz (Jedda), July 9, 1992.
38. [281 King Fahd, speech to the Muslim World League, 'Ukaz, Jan. 26, 1992.
39. Salih Muhammad al-Namla, "Hata la Yakun A'adaa'," Al-Riyadh, May 28, 1992.
40. For the text of the Basic Law and the Law of the Consultative Council, see 'Ukaz, Mar. 2, 1992.
41. For a description of the events leading to the drafting of the memorandum and a summary of its contents, see Fakih, Zalzal as-Saud, pp. 88-106.
42. R. Hrair Dekmejian, "The Rise of Political Islamism in Saudi Arabia," Middle East Journal, Autumn 1994, p. 636.
43. For the text of the Council for Senior Ulema's condemnation, see Al-Riyadh, Sept. 18, 1992.
44. Fakih, Zalzal as-Saud, pp. 106-35;
45. Ann Elizabeth Mayer, "The Human Rights Debate," in Martin Kramer, ed., The Islamism Debate (Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1997), pp. 123-4;
46. Teitelbaum, Holier than Thou, pp. 49-51.
47. Teitelbaum, Holier than Thou, pp. 77-9.
48. Esther Webman, "The Polarization and Radicalization of Political Islam," Middle East Contemporary Survey, XXII (1998): 129-30.
49. The Washington Post, Jan. 8, 1999.
50. "Nas Bayan al-Jabha al-Islamia al-'Alamia lil-Jihad al-Yahud wal-Salbiyin," Al-Quds al-Arabi (London), Feb. 23, 1998.
51. "Nas Bayan al-Jabha al-Islamia al-'Alamia lil-Jihad al-Yahud wal-Salbiyin," Al-Quds al-Arabi, 1998. Ibid.
52. "An-Nas al-Kamil li-Kalimat bin Ladin," Al-Quds al-Arabi, Dec. 28, 2001.
53. "An-Nas al-Kamil li-Kalimat bin Ladin," Al-Quds al-Arabi, 2001 Ibid.
54. "An-Nas al-Kamil li-Kalimat bin Ladin," Al-Quds al-Arabi, 2001 Ibid.
55. "An-Nas al-Kamil li-Kalimat bin Ladin," Al-Quds al-Arabi, 2001 Ibid.
56. Joshua Teitelbaum, "Ha-dor ha-Hadash Shel ha-Ulama: Mish'enet Hadasha la-Mishtar," in Esther Webman, ed., Ha-Mizrah ha-Tichon 2005: Be'siman Khilofei Be-siman Hilofei Dorot (Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African studies, 2005), pp. 113-5.