How Iraqi oil smuggling greases violence

Middle East Quarterly

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2006, Pages

  Wahab, Bllal A ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750995880     PISSN: 10739467     EISSN: 10739467     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Development Fund for Iraq, International Advisory and Monitoring Board (IAMB), KPMG International, Bahrain, reports from Dec. 2003 to June 2005.
2. "Iraq Facts and Figures," Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), accessed June 21, 2006.
3. Kanan Makiya, "All Levels of the Iraqi Government Were Complicit," Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2005, pp. 81-7.
4. Michael E. Brown, "The Nationalization of the Iraqi Petroleum Company," International Journal of Middle East Studies, Feb. 1979, p. 107.
5. Al-Hayat (London), June 2, 2005.
6. "Country File: Iraq," The Economist Intelligence Unit (London), July 13, 2004.
7. Claudia Rosett, "How Corrupt Is the United Nations?" Commentary, Apr. 2006.
8. The New York Times, Apr. 26, 1999;
9. The Telegraph (London), Apr. 17, 2005.
10. "Report on the Management of the Oil-for-Food Programme," Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme (The Volcker Commission), Sept. 7, 2005, pp. 40, 185-259.
11. Report on the Management of the Oil-for-Food Programme Ibid., p. 31.
12. Abbud Kareem Abbas, "Sariqat an-Naft al-Iraqi," Ath-Thaqafa al-Jadlda (Baghdad), Nov. 2005, no. 316.
13. The New York Times, Apr. 26, 1999.
14. Kenneth H. Bacon, assistant secretary of defense for public affairs, "Department of Defense News Briefing," Apr. 20, 2000.
15. Kenneth H. Bacon, "Department of Defense News Briefing," Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 2.
17. The Washington Post, Apr. 15, 2006.
18. United Press International, Apr. 17, 2006.
19. The Washington Post, Apr. 15, 2006.
20. The New York Times, Feb. 5, 2006.
21. Associated Press, Sept. 20, 2005;
22. Voices of Iraq, May 28, 2006.
23. The Telegraph, Feb. 7, 2006.
24. Al-Hayat, Nov. 30, 2005.
25. The New York Times, Feb. 5, 2006.
26. Iraqi Crisis Report, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, London, Apr. 19, 2005.
27. Radhi al-Radhi, head of the Commission on Public Integrity, Iraq, "Crime and Corruption in Iraq," speaking at American University, Washington, D.C., Apr. 17, 2006.
28. The New York Times, June 3, 2006.
29. Iraqi Crisis Report, Apr. 19, 2005.
30. Reuters, June 26, 2006.
31. The Peninsula (Doha), May 27, 2006.
32. The Peninsula, May 27, 2006.
33. The Peninsula, May 27, 2006.
34. Iraqi Crisis Report, Apr. 19, 2005.
35. Iraqi Crisis Report, 2005. Ibid.
36. "Report of Factual Findings in Connection with the Oil Proceeds Receipts Account for the Period from 29 June 2004 to 31 December 2004," Development Fund for Iraq, IAMB, KPMG International, Bahrain, Apr. 6, 2005.
37. Iraq Business News (Baghdad), Feb. 10, 2006.
38. Platts Ollgram Price Report, May 9, 2006.
39. Asharq al-Awsat (London), Jan. 18, 2006.
40. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), United Nations, June 26, 2006.
41. Iraq Business News, Feb. 10, 2006.
42. The New York Times, June 4, 2006.
43. The New York Times, 2006. Ibid.
44. Energy Intelligence Group, June 15, 2006;
45. BBC News, Dec. 1, 2005.
46. DNO petroleum company, Oslo, Norway, press release, June 29, 2004.
47. DNO, press release, June 12, 2006.
48. "KRG Prime Minister Inaugurates Oil Drilling Operation," Kurdistan Regional Government, press release, May 15, 2006.
49. Energy Intelligence Group, June 15, 2006.
50. Radio Nawa (Mosul), July 7, 2006.
51. Kurdistan Regional Government, news release, July 11, 2006.
52. The Telegraph, Feb. 7, 2006.
53. The Telegraph, Feb. 7, 2006.
54. The New York Times, Aug. 21, 2004.
55. The Guardian (London), Aug. 16, 2003.
56. Lt. Gen. John Vines, former commander of the Multinational Corps-Iraq, Special Policy Forum, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, D.C., Apr. 13, 2006.
57. The New York Times, June 3, 2006.
58. Louise Shelley, et al, "Methods and Motives; Exploring Links between Transnational Organized Crime and International Terrorism," National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., June 23, 2005.
59. Radhi, "Crime and Corruption in Iraq."
60. The New York Times, Mar. 27, 2005.
61. International Monetary Fund, press release, Dec. 23, 2005.
62. Oil and Gas Journal, May 2, 2005.
63. "Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2005," Transparency International, London/Berlin, Oct. 18, 2005. Iraq ranked as the 19th most corrupt country out of 159.