Atmospheres on the terrestrial planets: Clues to origin and evolution

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 252, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 1-14

  Pepin, Robert O ^a  

^a University of Minnesota   (United States)

Author keywords

atmospheres; gravitational escape; terrestrial planets

Indexed keywords

GRAVITATIONAL ESCAPE; PLANETARY DEGASSING; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS;

ASTROPHYSICS; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS; SOLAR SYSTEM; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

PLANETARY SURFACE ANALYSIS;

EARTH; GRAVITY; MARS; NOBLE GAS; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE; SOLAR SYSTEM; VENUS;

EID: 33750980113     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.014     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Brown H. Rare gases and formation of the Earth's atmosphere. In: Kuiper G.P. (Ed). The Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets (1949), University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL 258-266
2. Suess H.E. Die Häufigkeit der Edelgase auf der Erde und im Kosmos. J. Geol. 57 (1949) 600-607
3. Wetherill G.W. Accumulation of the terrestrial planets and implications concerning lunar origin. In: Hartman W.K., Phillips R.J., and Taylor G.J. (Eds). Origin of the Moon (1986), Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston TX 519-550
4. Chambers J.E. Planetary accretion in the inner solar system. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 223 (2004) 241-252
5. Marrocchi Y., Razafitianamaharavo A., Michot L.J., and Marty B. Low-pressure adsorption of Ar, Kr, and Xe on carbonaceous materials (kerogen and carbon blacks), ferrihydrite, and montmorillonite: Implications for the trapping of noble gases onto meteoritic matter. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69 (2005) 2419-2430
6. Podosek F.A., Woolum D.S., Cassen P., and Nichols R.H. Solar gases in the Earth by solar wind irradiation?. J. Conf. Abstr. 5 (2000) 804
7. Owen T., Bar-Nun A., and Kleinfeld I. Possible cometary origin of heavy noble gases in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars. Nature 358 (1992) 43-46
8. Notesco G., Laufer D., Bar-Nun A., and Owen T. An experimental study of isotopic enrichments in Ar. Kr, and Xe when trapped in water ice. Icarus 142 (1999) 298-300
9. Podosek F.A., and Cassen P. Theoretical, observational, and isotopic estimates of the lifetime of the solar nebula. Meteoritics 29 (1994) 6-25
10. Halliday A.N. Mixing, volatile loss and compositional change during impact-driven accretion of the Earth. Nature 427 (2004) 505-509
11. Porcelli D.R., Woolum D., and Cassen P. Deep Earth rare gases: initial inventories, capture from the solar nebula, and losses during Moon formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193 (2001) 237-251
12. Pepin R.O., and Porcelli D. Origin of noble gases in the terrestrial planets. In: Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., and Wieler R. (Eds). Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. vol. 47 (2002) 191-246
13. Humbert F., Marty B., and Libourel G. Enhanced solubility of nitrogen in basaltic melt under reducing conditions: a way to enrich nitrogen relative to rare gases during planetary formation. Lunar Planet Sci. vol. XXX (1999), Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX Abstract #1955
14. Pepin R.O. On the origin and early evolution of terrestrial planet atmospheres and meteoritic volatiles. Icarus 92 (1991) 2-79
15. Hunten D.M. Capture of Phobos and Deimos by protoatmospheric drag. Icarus 37 (1979) 113-123
16. Ikoma M., and Genda H. Constraints on the mass of a habitable planet with water of nebular origin. Ap. J. 648 (2006) 696-706
17. Hayashi C., Nakazawa K., and Mizuno H. Earth's melting due to the blanketing effect of the primordial dense atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43 (1979) 22-28
18. Wieler R. Noble gases in the solar system. In: Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., and Wieler R. (Eds). Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. vol. 47 (2002) 21-70
19. Wiens R.C., Bochsler P., Burnett D.S., and Wimmer-Schweingruber R.F. Solar and solar wind isotopic compositions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 226 (2004) 549-565
20. Mahaffy P.R., Niemann H.B., Alpert A., et al. Noble gas abundance and isotope ratios in the atmosphere of Jupiter from the Galileo probe mass spectrometer. J. Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 15061-15071
21. Allègre C.J., Staudacher T., and Sarda P. Rare gas systematics: formation of the atmosphere, evolution and structure of the Earth's mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 81 (1986) 127-150
22. Tolstikhin I.N., and O'Nions R.K. Some comments on isotopic structure of terrestrial xenon. Chem. Geol. 129 (1996) 185-199
23. Kunz J., Staudacher T., and Allègre C.J. Plutonium-fission xenon found in Earth's mantle. Science 280 (1998) 877-880
24. Caffee M.W., Hudson G.U., Velsko C., Huss G.R., Alexander Jr. E.C., and Chivas A.R. Primordial noble gases from Earth's mantle: identification of a primitive volatile component. Science 285 (1999) 2115-2118
25. Ozima M., and Igarashi G. The primordial noble gases in the Earth: a key constraint on Earth evolution models. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 176 (2000) 219-232
26. Porcelli D., and Ballentine C.J. Models for the distribution of terrestrial noble gases and evolution of the atmosphere. In: Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., and Wieler R. (Eds). Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. vol. 47 (2002) 411-480
27. Tolstikhin I., and Hofmann A.W. Early crust on top of the Earth's core. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 148 (2005) 109-130
28. Mathew K.J., and Marti K. Early evolution of Martian volatiles: nitrogen and noble gas components in ALH84001 and Chassigny. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 1401-1422
29. von Zahn U., Kumar S., Niemann H., and Prinn R. Composition of the Venus atmosphere. In: Hunten D.M., Colin L., Donahue T.M., and Moroz V.I. (Eds). Venus (1983), University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ 299-430
30. Nier O., and McElroy M.B. Composition and structure of Mars' upper atmosphere: results from neutral mass spectrometers on Viking 1 and 2. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 4341-4349
31. Owen T., Biemann K., Rushneck D.R., et al. The composition of the atmosphere at the surface of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 4635-4639
32. Bogard D.D., and Johnson P. Martian gases in an Antarctic meteorite?. Science 221 (1983) 651-654
33. Becker R.H., and Pepin R.O. The case for a Martian origin of the shergottites: nitrogen and noble gases in EETA79001. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 69 (1984) 225-242
34. Wetherill G.W. Orbital evolution of impact eject from Mars. Meteoritics 19 (1984) 1-13
35. Pepin R.O. Evidence of Martian origins. Nature 317 (1985) 473-475
36. Wiens R.C., and Pepin R.O. Laboratory shock emplacement of noble gases, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide into basalt, and implications for trapped gases in shergottite EETA 79001. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53 (1988) 295-307
37. McSween Jr. H.Y. SNC meteorites: clues to Martian petrologic evolution?. Rev. Geophys. 23 (1985) 391-416
38. McSween Jr. H.Y. The rocks of Mars from far and near. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 37 (2002) 7-25
39. Swindle T.D. Martian noble gases. In: Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., and Wieler R. (Eds). Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. vol. 47 (2002) 171-190
40. Jakosky B.M., Pepin R.O., Johnson R.E., and Fox J.L. Mars atmospheric loss and isotopic fractionation by solar-wind-induced sputtering and photochemical escape. Icarus 111 (1994) 271-288
41. Pepin R.O. Evolution of the Martian atmosphere. Icarus 111 (1994) 289-304
42. +. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 9191-9204
43. J.H. Jeans, The Dynamical Theory of Gases, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1916, Chapter 15 in 4th ed., 1925.
44. Chamberlain J.W., and Hunten D.M. Theory of Planetary Atmospheres (1987), Academic Press, Inc. Chapter 7
45. Zahnle K.J., and Kasting J.F. Mass fractionation during transonic hydrodynamic escape and implications for loss of water from Venus and Mars. Icarus 68 (1986) 462-480
46. Hunten D.M., Pepin R.O., and Walker J.C.G. Mass fractionation in hydrodynamic escape. Icarus 69 (1987) 532-549
47. Zahnle K.J., Kasting J.F., and Pollack J.B. Mass fractionation of noble gases in diffusion-limited hydrodynamic hydrogen escape. Icarus 84 (1990) 502-527
48. Pepin R.O. Evolution of Earth's noble gases: consequences of assuming hydrodynamic loss driven by giant impact. Icarus 126 (1997) 148-156
49. Dauphas N. The dual origin of the terrestrial atmosphere. Icarus 165 (2003) 326-339
50. Vidal-Madjar, Lecavelier des Etangs A., Désert J.-M., Ballester E., Ferlet R., Hébrard G., and Mayor M. An extended upper atmosphere around the extrasolar planet HD209458b. Nature 422 (2003) 143-146
51. Cameron G.W. Origin of the atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. Icarus 56 (1983) 195-201
52. Benz W., and Cameron A.G.W. Terrestrial effects of the giant impact. In: Newson H.E., and Jones J.H. (Eds). Origin of the Earth (1991), Oxford University Press, New York 61-67
53. Stewart G.R. Outstanding questions for the giant impact hypothesis. In: Canup R.M., and Righter K. (Eds). Origin of the Earth and Moon (2000), University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ 217-223
54. Canup R.M., and Asphaug E. Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation. Nature 412 (2001) 708-712
55. Canup R.M. Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact. Icarus 168 (2004) 433-456
56. Ahrens T.J. Impact erosion of terrestrial planetary atmospheres. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 21 (1993) 525-555
57. Genda H., and Abe Y. Survival of a proto-atmosphere through the stage of giant impacts: the mechanical aspects. Icarus 164 (2003) 149-162
58. Kleine T., Palme H., Mezger K., and Halliday A.N. Hf-W chronometry of lunar metals and the age and early differentiation of the Moon. Science 310 (2005) 1671-1674
59. Reynolds J.H. Xenology. J. Geophys. Res. 68 (1963) 2939-2956
60. Burnett D.S., Barraclough B.L., Bennett R., et al. The Genesis discovery mission: return of solar matter to Earth. Space Sci. Rev. 105 (2003) 509-534
61. Busemann H., Baur H., and Wieler R. Primordial noble gases in "phase Q" in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites studied by closed-system stepped etching. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 35 (2000) 949-973
62. Pepin R.O. On the isotopic composition of primordial xenon in terrestrial planet atmospheres. Space Sci. Rev. 92 (2000) 371-395
63. Pepin R.O. On noble gas processing in the solar accretion disk. Space Sci. Rev. 106 (2003) 211-230
64. Krummenacher D., Merrihue C.M., Pepin R.O., and Reynolds J.H. Meteoritic krypton and barium versus the general isotopic anomalies in xenon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 26 (1962) 231-249
65. Tolstikhin N., and O'Nions R.K. The Earth's missing xenon: A combination of early degassing and of rare gas loss from the atmosphere. Chem. Geol. 115 (1994) 1-6
66. Zahnle K. Planetary noble gases. In: Levy E.H., and Lunine J.I. (Eds). Protostars and Planets vol. III (1993), University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ 1305-1338
67. Zahnle K.J., Pollack J.B., and Kasting J.F. Xenon fractionation in porous planetesimals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54 (1990) 2577-2586
68. Ozima M., and Zahnle K. Mantle degassing and atmospheric evolution: Noble gas view. Geochem. J. 27 (1993) 185-200
69. Igarashi G. Primitive Xe in the Earth. In: Farley K.A. (Ed). Volatiles in the Earth and Solar System. Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Proc. vol. 341 (1995) 70-80
70. Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., and Wieler R. An overview of noble gas geochemistry and cosmochemistry. In: Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., and Wieler R. (Eds). Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. vol. 47 (2002) 1-17
71. Wetherill G.W. Variations in the isotopic abundances of neon and argon extracted from radioactive minerals. Phys. Rev. 96 (1954) 679-683
72. Eikenberg J., Signer P., and Wieler R. U-Xe, U-Kr, and U-Pb systematics for dating uranium minerals and investigations of the production of nucleogenic neon and argon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57 (1993) 1053-1069
73. Caldwell W.A., Nguyen J.H., Pfrommer B.G., Mauri F., Louie S.G., and Jeanloz R. Structure, bonding, and geochemistry of xenon at high pressures. Science 227 (1997) 930-933
74. K.K.M. Lee, G. Steinle-Neumann, High-pressure alloying of iron and xenon: 'Missing' Xe in the Earth's core?, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl. (2004), Abstract MR41A-08.
75. Sanloup C., Schmidt B.C., Chamorro Perez E.M., et al. Retention of xenon in quartz and Earth's missing xenon. Science 310 (2005) 1174-1177
76. Jephcoat P. Rare-gas solids in the Earth's deep interior. Nature 393 (1998) 355-358
77. Notesco G., Bar-Nun A., and Owen T. Gas trapping in water ice at very low deposition rates and implications for comets. Icarus 162 (2003) 183-189
78. Brownlee D.E., Hörz F., Newburn R.L., et al. Surface of young Jupiter family comet 81P/Wild 2: view from the Stardust spacecraft. Science 304 (2004) 1764-1769
79. Kallenbach R. Isotopic fractionation by plasma processes. Space Sci. Rev. 106 (2003) 305-316
80. Becker R.H. Nitrogen on the Moon. Science 290 (2000) 1110-1111
81. Kim J.S., Kim Y., Marti K., and Kerridge J.F. Nitrogen isotope abundances in the recent solar wind. Nature 375 (1995) 383-385
82. Hashizume K., Chaussidon M., Marty B., and Robert F. Solar wind record on the moon: deciphering presolar from planetary nitrogen. Science 290 (2000) 1142-1145
83. Marty B., Hashizume K., Chaussidon M., and Wieler R. Nitrogen isotopes on the moon: archives of the solar and planetary contributions to the inner solar system. Space Sci. Rev. 106 (2003) 175-196
84. Fouchet T., Lellouch E., Bezard B., Encrenaz T., Drossart P., Feuchtgruber H., and de Graauw T. ISO-SWS observations of Jupiter: measurement of the ammonia tropospheric profile and of the N-15/N-14 isotopic ratio. Icarus 143 (2000) 223-243
85. Owen T., Mahaffy P.R., Niemann H.B., Atreya S., and Wong M. Protosolar nitrogen. Astrophys. J. 553 (2001) L77-L79
86. Atreya S.K., Mahaffy P.R., Niemann H.B., Wong M.H., and Owen T.C. Composition and origin of the atmosphere of Jupiter - an update, and implications for the extrasolar giant planets. Planet. Space Sci. 51 (2003) 105-112
87. Arpigny C., Jehin E., Manfroid J., Hutsemekers D., Schultz R., Stüwe J.A., Zucconi J.-M., and Ilyin I. Anomalous nitrogen isotope ratio in comets. Science 301 (2003) 1522-1524
88. Meech K.J., Ageorges N., A'Hearn M.F., et al. Deep impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign. Science 310 (2005) 265-269
89. Waite Jr. J.H., Niemann H., Yelle R.V., et al. Ion neutral mass spectrometer results from the first flyby of Titan. Science 308 (2005) 982-986
90. Zinner E. Stellar nucleosynthesis and the isotopic composition of presolar grains from primitive meteorites. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 26 (1998) 147-188
91. Grady M.M., and Wright I.P. Elemental and isotopic abundances of carbon and nitrogen in meteorites. Space Sci. Rev. 106 (2003) 231-248
92. + pickup ions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 2151-2154
93. Carr M.H. Retention of an atmosphere on early Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 21897-21909
94. Chassefière E., and Leblanc F. Mars atmospheric escape and evolution; interaction with the solar wind. Planet. Space Sci. 52 (2004) 1039-1058
95. Stevenson D.J. Mars' core and magnetism. Nature 412 (2001) 214-219
96. Solomon S.C., Aharonson O., Aurnou J.M., et al. New perspectives on ancient Mars. Science 307 (2005) 1214-1220
97. Hutchins K.S., Jakosky B.M., and Luhmann J.G. Impact of a paleomagnetic field on sputtering loss of Martian atmospheric argon and neon. J. Geophys. Rev. 102 (1997) 9183-9189
98. 2 on Mars. Icarus 109 (1994) 102-120
99. Hutchins K.S., and Jakosky B.M. Evolution of Martian atmospheric argon: Implications for sources of volatiles. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 14933-14949
100. Jakosky B.M., and Jones J.H. The history of Martian volatiles. Rev. Geophys. 35 (1997) 1-16
101. Swindle T.D., and Jones J.H. The xenon isotopic composition of the primordial Martian atmosphere: contributions from solar and fission components. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 1671-1678
102. Ott U. Noble gases in SNC meteorites: Shergotty, Nakhla, Chasssigny. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52 (1988) 1937-1948
103. Mathew K.J., Kim J.S., and Marti K. Martian atmospheric and indigenous components of xenon and nitrogen in the Shergotty, Nakhla, and Chassigny group meteorites. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 33 (1998) 655-664
104. Signer P., and Suess H.E. Rare gases in the sun, in the atmosphere, and in meteorites. In: Geiss J., and Goldberg E.D. (Eds). Earth Science and Meteoritics (1963), North-Holland, Amsterdam 241-272