Women, salons, and the state in the aftermath of the French Revolution

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 54-80

  Kale, Steven D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750949496     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2002.0008     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Joan B. Landes, Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1988), 6-7, 203-5.
2. Dena Goodman, "Enlightenment Salons: The Convergence of Female and Philosophic Ambitions," Eighteenth-Century Studies 22, no.3 (1989): 329-50,
3. Dena Goodman, The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1994), 233,
4. Dena Goodman, "Public Sphere and Private Life: Toward a Synthesis of Current Historiographical Approaches to the Old Regime," History and Theory 31, no.1 (1992): 434-69;
5. and Suzanne Desan, "What's after Political Culture? Recent French Revolutionary Historiography," French Historical Studies 23 (winter 2000): 187-88.
6. Joan B. Landes, "The Public and the Private Sphere: A Feminist Reconsideration," in Feminism, the Public, and the Private, ed. Joan B. Landes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 156.
7. Elizabeth C. Goldsmith and Dena Goodman, eds., Going Public: Women and Publishing in Early Modern France (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1995), 2.
8. Desan, "What's after Political Culture?" 190-92.
9. and Nancy Fraser's "What's Critical about Critical Theory? The Case of Habermas and Gender," in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse, and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory, ed. Nancy Fraser (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989), 113-43.
10. and Carla Hesse, "French Women in Print, 1750-1800: An Essay in Historical Bibliography," in Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 359 (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1998), 65-82.
11. On salons in the nineteenth century, see Anne Martin-Fugier, La Vie élégante, ou la formation du Tout-Paris, 1815-1848 (Paris: Fayard, 1990). I am currently completing a manuscript on high society and political sociability in France from the eighteenth century to the Revolution of 1848.
12. Landes, Women and the Public Sphere, 23, 40.
13. Goodman, The Republic of Letters, 11.
14. See also Geneviève Fraisse, Reason's Muse: Sexual Difference and the Birth of Democracy, trans. Jane Marie Todd (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 95.
15. See Madelyn Gutwirth, The Twilight of the Goddesses: Women and Representation in the French Revolutionary Era (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992), 222.
16. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, trans. Thomas Berger (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1992), 69-70;
17. Gilbert Stenger, La Société française pendant le Consulat, 5 vols. (Paris: Perrin, 1903-1911);
18. Marie-Hélène Bourquin, Monsieur et Madame Tallien (Paris: Perrin, 1987);
19. and François Gendron, La jeunesse dorée: Episodes de la Révolution française (Montreal: McGill University Press, 1979).
20. G. E. Gwynne, Madame de Staël et la Révolution française: Politique, philosophie, littérature (Paris: A.-G. Nizet, 1969), 30-39;
21. and Simone Balayé, Madame de Staël: Lumières et liberté (Paris: Klincksieck, 1979), 62-64.
22. Abrantès, Histoire des salons, 5: 4-5.
23. See Habermas, Structural Transformation.
24. See also Paul Gautier, Madame de Staël et Napoléon (Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1903), 107;
25. and Barbara C. Pope, "Revolution and Retreat," in Women, War, and Revolution, eds. Carol R. Berkin and Clara M. Lovett (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1980), 221.
26. Comte d'Haussonville, Ma jeunesse, 1814-1830. Souvenirs (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1885), 69-70.
27. See Jules Bertaut, Le Faubourg Saint-Germain sous l'Empire et la Restauration (Paris: Jules Tallandier, 1949), 85;
28. and Christian de Bartillat, Histoire de la noblesse française, 1789-1989, 2 vols. (Paris: Albin-Michel, 1988), 1:174.
29. Haussonville, Ma jeunesse, 69;
30. Abrantès, Histoire des salons, 4: 241; V, 7n;
31. Staël, Considérations, 2: 42.
32. Memoirs of Madame de Rémusat, 2: 245-46.
33. Victorine de Chastenay, Mémoires, 1771-1815 (Paris: Perrin, 1987), 319.
34. See also Vicomte de Broc, Dix ans de la vie d'une femme pendant l'émigration. Adélaïde de Kerjean, marquise de Falaiseau (Paris: Pion, 1893), 312-13;
35. and Stenger, La Société française pendant le Consulat, 2: 59-63.
36. Charles-Otto Zieseniss, Napoleon et la Cour Impériale (Paris: Librairie Jules Tallandier, 1980), 74-75;
37. Memoirs of Madame Junot, 1:177;
38. and Jean Harmand, Madame de Genlis. Sa vie intime et politique (Paris: Perrin, 1912), 396-97.
39. Memoirs of Madame de Rémusat, 1: 29;
40. Sophie Gay, Salons célèbres (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1837), 187-89, 197-98;
41. Stenger, La Société française, 4: 13-17;
42. Memoirs of Madame Junot, 2: 208-209
43. Abrantès, Histoire des salons, 4: 153, 187-89,
44. Chastenay, Mémoires, 321.
45. On nobles in the Imperial Household, see Philip Mansel, The Court of France, 1789-1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 82-86,
46. Louis Bergeron, France Under Napoleon, trans. R.R. Palmer (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981), 66-67,
47. and Zieseniss, Napoléon et la Cour Impériale.
48. Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne, 1: 172-73;
49. and Abrantès, Histoire des salons, 6: 3.
50. On Staël's salon and her political activity during the Consulate, see Balayé, Madame de Staël, 78-89;
51. Gautier, Madame de Staël et Napoléon, 66-68, 129-31, 392-93;
52. and Dennis Wood, Benjamin Constant: A Biography (London: Routledge, 1993), 153-56.
53. See, for example, Françoise Wagener, Madame Récamier, 1771-1849 (Paris: J.-C. Lattes, 1986), 123;
54. See Harmand, Madame de Genlis, 402;
55. Augustin Challamel, Les Clubs contre-révolutionnaires (Paris: L. Cerf, 1895), 571;
56. and Antoine Guillois, Le Salon de Madame Helvétius: Cabanis et les Idéologues (New York: Burt Franklin, 1971), 175-76.
57. Bartillat, Histoire de la noblesse, 1: 207;
58. and Gautier, Madame de Staël et Napoléon, 103, 255.
59. Hesse, "French Women in Print," 68-83.
60. Villefosse, The Scourge of the Eagle, 54;
61. Memoirs of Madame de La Tour du Pin, 347;
62. and Gay, Salons célèbres, 5, 12-13.
63. Memoirs of Madame Junot, 4: 203-04, 297;
64. Anaïs Lebrun, Comtesse de Bassanville, Salons d'autrefois. Souvenirs intimes, 4 vols. (Paris: Victorion, 1862), 4:13;
65. and Stenger, La Société française, 1: 337.
66. and Frédéric Masson, Napoléon et les femmes (Paris: Flammarion, 1817), 174-75.
67. and Gutwirth, Twilight of the Goddesses, 383.
68. Staël, Considérations, 1:112;
69. and Gwynne, Madame de Staël, 238-39.
70. and Mona Ozouf, Women's Words: Essay on French Singularity, trans. Jane Marie Todd (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 79.
71. Marquis de Custine, Empire of the Czar (New York: Doubleday, 1989), 58;
72. François Villemain, Souvenirs contemporaines d'histoire et de littérature, 2 vols. (Paris: Didier, 1855), 1: 453.
73. C.-A. Sainte-Beuve, Portraits de femmes (Paris: Librairie Garnier Frères, 1869), 63.
74. Pailhès, La Duchesse de Duras, 400-10;
75. and Villemain, Souvenirs contemporaines, 1: 471.
76. Chateaubriand, Mémoires d'outre-tombe, 3: 458-59;
77. Tzvetan Todorov, "Freedom and Repression during the Restoration," in A New History of French Literature, ed. Denis Hollier (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 617-18.
78. Anne Martin-Fugier, "La Cour et la ville sous la Monarchie de Juillet, d'après les feuilletons mondains," Revue historique 111:278 (1987), 116;
79. and Martin-Fugier, La Vie élégante, 216-18.
80. Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne, 3: 1;
81. Charles de Rémusat, Mémoires de ma vie, 5 vols. (1959), 4: 211;
82. Ancelot, Un salon de Paris, 149, 237, 374.
83. See Dena Goodman, "Governing the Republic of Letters: The Politics of Culture in the French Enlightenment," History of European Ideas 13:3 (1991), 183-99.
84. See especially Marquise de Montcalm, Mon journal, 1815-1818 (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 1936), 105;
85. and Girardin, Lettres parisiennes, 3: 260.
86. Chateaubriand, Mémoires d'outre-tombe, 4: 473.
87. Jo Burr Margadant, "Gender, Vice, and the Political Imaginary in Nineteenth-Century France: Reinterpreting the Failure of the July Monarchy, 1830-1848," The American Historical Review 104:5 (December 1999), 1464-80.
88. Abrantès, Histoire des salons, 3: 247;