Fundamentals of Intracardiac Mapping

Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 107-134

  Arora, Rishi ^a,b   Kadish, Alan ^b,c  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750936028     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-0312-0.50013-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Y Rudy and CH Luo (1994) A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I: Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes. Circ Res 74 1097-1113.
2. ME Josephson (2002) Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and Interpretation 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3. FD Murgatroyd and A Krahn (2002) Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Practical Guide to Invasive EP Studies and Catheter Ablation. London: ReMedica
4. DE Roberts, LT Hersh and AM Scher (1979) Influence of cardiac fiber orientation on wavefront voltage, conduction velocity, and tissue resistivity in the dog. Circ Res 44 701-712.
5. FX Witkowski, et al. (1993) M Shenasa, M Borggrefe, G Breithardt (Eds) Cardiac Mapping. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Futura 79-84.
6. LS Green, B Taccardi, PR Ersler and RL Lux (1991) Epicardial potential mapping: Effects of conducting media on isopoten-tial and isochrone distributions. Circulation 84 2513-2521.
7. T Lewis and MA Rothschild (1915) The excitatory process in the dog's heart. Part II: The ventricles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol) 206B 181-226.
8. FN Wilson, FD Johnston, AG Maclecd and PS Barker (1934) Electrocardiograms that represent the potential variations of a single electrode. Am Heart J 9 447-458.
9. JJ Gallagher, J Kasell, WC Sealy, EL Pritchett and AG Wallace (1978) Epicardial mapping in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 57 854-866.
10. AM Scher and AC Young (1957) Ventricular depolarization and the genesis of the QRS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 65 768-778.
11. J Kupersmith (1976) Electrophysiologic mapping during open heart surgery. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 19 167-202.
12. D Durrer and LH Van der Tweel (1957) Excitation of the left ventricular wall of the dog and goat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 65 779-803.
13. MS Spach, RC Barr, GA Serwer, et al. (1972) Extracellular potentials related to intracellular action potentials in the dog Purkinje system. Circ Res 30 505-519.
14. JJ Gallagher, JH Kasell, JL Cox, et al. (1982) Techniques of intraoper-ative electrophysiologic mapping. Am J Cardiol 49 221-240.
15. D Durrer and LH Van Der Tweel (1953) The spread of the activation in the left ventricular wall of the dog: I. Am Heart J 46 683-691.
16. RE Ideker, WM Smith, SM Blanchard, et al. (1989) The assumptions of isochronal cardiac mapping. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 12 456-478.
17. M Biermann (2003) Precision and reproducibility of Cardiac mapping. M Shenasa, M Borggrefe, G Breithardt (Eds) Cardiac Mapping 2nd ed. Elmsford, N.Y: Futura/Blackwell Publishing 157-186.
18. AM Scher, AC Young, AL Malmgren, et al. (1953) Spread of electrical activity through the wall of ventricle. Circ Res 1 539-574.
19. DM Cassidy, JA Vassallo, FE Marchlinski, et al. (1984) Endocardial mapping in humans in sinus rhythm with normal left ventricles: Activation patterns and characteristics of electrograms. Circulation 70 37-42.
20. T Yasuda, H Tojo, H Noguchi, et al. (2000) Pulmonary vein electro-gram characteristics in patients with focal sources of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 23 1823-1827.
21. M Haissaguerre, et al. (2000) Role of rapid focal activation in the maintenance of atrial fibrillation originating from the pulmonary veins. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 23 1828-1831.
22. PS Chen, TJ Wu, C Hwang, et al. (2002) Thoracic veins and the mechanisms of non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 54 295-301.
23. JM Kalman, JE Olgin, MR Karch, et al. (1998) “Cristal tachycardias”: Origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 31 451-459.
24. R Arora, S Verheule, A Navarrete, DG Vaz and JE Olgin (2001) Effects of autonomic stimulation on the electrophysiology of the pulmonary vein and venoatrial junction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24 550.
25. JM Miller, JE Olgin and MK Das (2003) Atrial fibrillation: What are the targets for intervention? J Interv Card Electrophysiol 9 249-257.
26. R Arora, S Verheule, L Scott, et al. (2003) Arrhythmogenic substrate of the pulmonary veins assessed by high-resolution optical mapping. Circulation 107 1816-1821.
27. MS Wen, SJ Yeh, CC Wang, et al. (1997) Successful radiofrequency ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia at a site away from the tachycardia exit. J Am Coll Cardiol 30 1024-1031.
28. WG Stevenson, JN Wiss, I Wiener, et al. (1989) Fractionated endocardial electrograms are associated with slow conduction in humans: Evidence from pace-mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 13 369-376.
29. D Lacroix, P Savard, M Shenasa, et al. (1990) Spatial domain analysis of late ventricular potentials: Intraoperative and thoracic correlations. Circ Res 66 55-68.
30. PC Ursell, PI Gardner, A Albala, et al. (1985) Structural and electro-physiological changes in the epicardial border zone of canine myocardial infarcts during infarct healing. Circ Res 56 436-451.
31. JF Spear, EL Michelson and EN Moore (1983) Cellular electrophysiologic characteristics of chronically infarcted myocardium in dogs susceptible to sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1 1099-1110.
32. AH Kadish, JF Spear, JH Levine, et al. (1986) Vector mapping of myocardial activation. Circulation 74 603-615.
33. A Kadish, CW Balke, JF Levine, EN Moore and JF Spear (1989) Activation patterns in healed experimental myocardial infarction. Circ Res 65(6), 1698-1709.
34. GF Van Hare, MD Lesh, BA Ross, et al. (1996) Mapping and radiofrequency ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia after the Senning or Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol 77 985-991.
35. SM Markowitz, RF Brodman, KM Stein, et al. (2002) Lesional tachycardias related to mitral valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 39 1973-1983.
36. O Kinoshita, G Fontaine, F Rosas, et al. (1995) Time- and frequency-domain analyses of the signal-averaged ECG in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Circulation 91 715-721.
37. DM Cassidy, JA Vassallo, AE Buxton, et al. (1984) The value of catheter mapping during sinus rhythm to localize site of origin of ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 69 1103-1110.
38. F Bogun, G Groenefeld, et al. (2001) Characteristics of critical reentry sites of postinfarct hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia during sinus rhythm. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24 726.
39. J Amerandral and R Peinado (1998) Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. J Farre, C Moro (Eds) Ten Years of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation. Armonk, N.Y: Futura 249-262.
40. KC Man, EG Daoud, BP Knight, et al. (1997) Accuracy of the unipolar electrogram for identification of the site of origin of ventricular activation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 8 974-979.
41. MA Barlow, GJ Klein, CS Simpson, et al. (2000) Unipolar electrogram characteristics predictive of successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11 146-154.
42. J Farre, J Martinell, et al. (1987) Atrial unipolar waveform analysis during retrograde conduction over left-sided accessory atri-oventricular pathways. P Brugada, H Wellens (Eds) Cardiac Arrhythmias: Where Do We Go from Here? Mount Kisco N.Y: Futura 243.
43. LS Klein, HT Shih, FK Hackett, et al. (1992) Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients without structural heart disease. Circulation 85 1666-1674.
44. H Calkins, SJ Kalbfleisch, R el-Atassi, et al. (1993) Relation between efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation and site of origin of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 71 827-833.
45. D Wilber (2000) Ablation of idiopathic right ventricular tachycardia. SKS Huang, DJ Wilber (Eds) Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications 2nd ed. Armonk, N.Y: Futura/Blackwell Publishing 621-651.
46. AH Kadish, K Childs, S Schmaltz and F Morady (1991) Differences in QRS configuration during unipolar pacing from adjacent sites: Implications for the spatial resolution of pace-mapping. J Am Coll of Cardiol 17 143-151.
47. R Goyal, M Harvey, EG Daoud, et al. (1996) Effect of coupling interval and pacing cycle length on morphology of paced ventricular complexes: Implications for pace mapping. Circulation 94 2843-2849.
48. CB Brunckhorst, WG Stevenson, K Soejima, et al. (2003) Relationship of slow conduction detected by pace-mapping to ventricular tachycardia re-entry circuit sites after infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 41 802-809.
49. WG Stevenson, H Khan, P Sager, et al. (1993) Identification of reentry circuit sites during catheter mapping and radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia late after myocardial infarction. Circulation 88 1647-1670.
50. AL Waldo (1997) Atrial flutter: Entrainment characteristics. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 8 337-352.
51. RW Henthorn, K Okumura, B Olshansky, et al. (1988) A fourth criterion for transient entrainment: the electrogram equivalent of progressive fusion. Circulation 77 1003-1012.
52. AL Waldo and RW Henthorn (1989) Use of transient entrainment during ventricular tachycardia to localize a critical area in the reentry circuit for ablation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 12 231-244.
53. M Josephson (2002) Recurrent ventricular tachycardia. M Josephson (Eds) Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and Interpretations. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 519-526.
54. BP Knight, M Ebinger, H Oral, et al. (2000) Diagnostic value of tachycardia features and pacing maneuvers during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 574-582.
55. GF Michaud, H Tada, S Chough, et al. (2001) Differentiation of atypical atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia from ortho-dromic reciprocating tachycardia using a septal accessory pathway by the response to ventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 1163-1167.
56. JM Miller, ME Rosenthal, CD Gottlieb, et al. (1991) Usefulness of the delta HA interval to accurately distinguish atrioventricular nodal reentry from orthodromic septal bypass tract tachycardias. Am J Cardiol 68 1037-1044.
57. KC Man, M Niebauer, E Daoud, et al. (1995) Comparison of atrial-His intervals during tachycardia and atrial pacing in patients with long RP tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 6 700-710.
58. K Otomo, Z Wang, R Lazzara, et al. (2000) Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: Electrophysiological characteristics of fours forms and implications for the reentrant circuit. DP Zipes, J Jalife (Eds) Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 504-521.
59. GT Altemose and JM Miller (2000) Termination of ventricular tachycardia by a nonpropagated extrastimulus. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11 125.
60. T Yamane, DC Shah, P Jais, et al. (2002) Electrogram polarity reversal as an additional indicator of breakthroughs from the left atrium to the pulmonary veins. J Am Coll Cardiol 39 1337-1344.
61. RS Damle, W Choe, NM Kanaan, et al. (1994) Atrial and accessory pathway activation direction in patients with orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia: Insights from vector mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 23 684-692.
62. K Hirao, K Otomo, X Wang, et al. (1996) Para-hisian pacing: A new method for differentiating retrograde conduction over an accessory AV pathway from conduction over the AV node. Circulation 94 1027-1035.
63. ME Josephson (2002) Preexcitations syndromes. M Josephson (Eds) Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and Interpretations. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 338-350.