Spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern Tanzania

Malaria Journal

Volumn 5, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Oesterholt, M J A M ^a,b   Bousema, J T ^b   Mwerinde, O K ^a,c   Harris, C ^a   Lushino, P ^a,c   Masokoto, A ^a,c   Mwerinde, H ^d   Mosha, F W ^c   Drakeley, C J ^a,e  

^a Joint Malaria Programme   (Tanzania)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL CENTRE   (Tanzania)

^d TPC Hospital   (Tanzania)

^e LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION (SPECIES); HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFECTION RATE; INFECTION RISK; MALARIA; MALE; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; SEASONAL VARIATION; TANZANIA; ZOOLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; ANOPHELES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENDEMIC DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSECT VECTORS; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; MALE; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; RAIN; SEASONS; TANZANIA;

EID: 33750930443     PISSN: 14752875     EISSN: 14752875     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-98     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Giha HA, Rosthoj S, Dodoo D, Hviid L, Satti GM, Scheike T, Arnot DE, Theander TG: The epidemiology of febrile malaria episodes in an area of unstable and seasonal transmission. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000, 94:645-651.
2. Snow RW, Bastos dAI, Lowe BS, Kabiru EW, Nevill CG, Mwankusye S, Kassiga G, Marsh K, Teuscher T: Severe childhood malaria in two areas of markedly different falciparum transmission in east Africa. Acta Trop 1994, 57:289-300.
3. Snow RW, Marsh K: The consequences of reducing transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. Adv Parasitol 2002, 52:235-264.
4. Lusingu JP, Vestergaard LS, Mmbando BP, Drakeley CJ, Jones C, Akida J, Savaeli ZX, Kitua AY, Lemnge MM, Theander TG: Malaria morbidity and immunity among residents of villages with different Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity in North-Eastern Tanzania. Malar J 2004, 3:26.
5. Maxwell CA, Chambo W, Mwaimu M, Magogo F, Carneiro IA, Curtis CF: Variation of malaria transmission and morbidity with altitude in Tanzania and with introduction of alphacypermethrin treated nets. Malar J 2003, 2:28.
6. Balls MJ, Bodker R, Thomas CJ, Kisinza W, Msangeni HA, Lindsay SW: Effect of topography on the risk of malaria infection in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004, 98:400-408.
7. Drakeley CJ, Carneiro I, Reyburn H, Malima R, Lusingu JP, Cox J, Theander TG, Nkya WM, Lemnge MM, Riley EM: Altitude-dependent and -independent variations in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in northeastern Tanzania. J Infect Dis 2005, 191:1589-1598.
8. Trape JF, Lefebvre-Zante E, Legros F, Druilhe P, Rogier C, Bouganali H, Salem G: Malaria morbidity among children exposed to low seasonal transmission in Dakar, Senegal and its implications for malaria control in tropical Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993, 48:748-756.
9. Clarke SE, Bogh C, Brown RC, Walraven GE, Thomas CJ, Lindsay SW: Risk of malaria attacks in Gambian children is greater away from malaria vector breeding sites. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002, 96:499-506.
10. Staedke SG, Nottingham EW, Cox J, Kamya MR, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G: Short report: proximity to mosquito breeding sites as a risk factor for clinical malaria episodes in an urban cohort of Ugandan children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 69:244-246.
11. Van Der HW, Konradsen F, Amerasinghe PH, Perera D, Piyaratne MK, Amerasinghe FP: Towards a risk map of malaria for Sri Lanka: the importance of house location relative to vector breeding sites. Int J Epidemiol 2003, 32:280-285.
12. Gamage-Mendis AC, Carter R, Mendis C, De Zoysa AP, Herath PR, Mendis KN: Clustering of malaria infections within an endemic population: risk of malaria associated with the type of housing construction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991, 45:77-85.
13. Ghebreyesus TA, Haile M, Witten KH, Getachew A, Yohannes M, Lindsay SW, Byass P: Household risk factors for malaria among children in the Ethiopian highlands. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000, 94:17-21.
14. Konradsen F, Amerasinghe P, Van Der HW, Amerasinghe F, Perera D, Piyaratne M: Strong association between house characteristics and malaria vectors in Sri Lanka. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 68:177-181.
15. Lindsay SW, Jawara M, Paine K, Pinder M, Walraven GE, Emerson PM: Changes in house design reduce exposure to malaria mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health 2003, 8:512-517.
16. Brooker S, Clarke S, Njagi JK, Polack S, Mugo B, Estambale B, Muchiri E, Magnussen P, Cox J: Spatial clustering of malaria and associated risk factors during an epidemic in a highland area of western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2004, 9:757-766.
17. Ribeiro JM, Seulu F, Abose T, Kidane G, Teklehaimanot A: Temporal and spatial distribution of anopheline mosquitos in an Ethiopian village: implications for malaria control strategies. Bull World Health Organ 1996, 74:299-305.
18. Mbogo CN, Snow RW, Khamala CP, Kabiru EW, Ouma JH, Githure JI, Marsh K, Beier JC: Relationships between Plasmodium falciparum transmission by vector populations and the incidence of severe disease at nine sites on the Kenyan coast. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995, 52:201-206.
19. Keating J, Mbogo CM, Mwangangi J, Nzovu JG, Gu V, Regens JL, Yan G, Githure JI, Beier JC: Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus mosquito distributions at 30 villages along the Kenyan coast. J Med Entomol 2005, 42:241-246.
20. Carter R, Mendis KN, Roberts D: Spatial targeting of interventions against malaria. Bull World Health Organ 2000, 78:1401-1411.
21. Trape JF, Lefebvre-Zante E, Legros F, Ndiaye G, Bouganali H, Druilhe P, Salem G: Vector density gradients and the epidemiology of urban malaria in Dakar, Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992, 47:181-189.
22. Mboera LE, Kihonda J, Braks MA, Knols BG: Influence of centers for disease control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998, 59:595-596.
23. Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Graves PM, Andre RG: Field evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Papua New Guinea. J Med Entomol 1987, 24:433-437.
24. Drakeley C, Schellenberg D, Kihonda J, Sousa CA, Arez AP, Lopes D, Lines J, Mshinda H, Lengeler C, Armstrong SJ, Tanner M, Alonso P: An estimation of the entomological inoculation rate for Ifakara: a semi-urban area in a region of intense malaria transmission in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 2003, 8:767-774.
25. Lines J, Curtis C, Wilkes T, Njunwa T: Monitoring human biting mosquitoes in Tanzania with light traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bull Ent Res 1991, 81:77-84.
26. Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH: Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993, 49:520-529.
27. Dolo G, Briet OJ, Dao A, Traore SF, Bouare M, Sogoba N, Niare O, Bagayogo M, Sangare D, Teuscher T, Toure YT: Malaria transmission in relation to rice cultivation in the irrigated Sahel of Mali. Acta Trop 2004, 89:147-159.
28. Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B: Patterns in age-specific malaria incidence in a population exposed to low levels of malaria transmission intensity. Trop Med Int Health 2001, 6:986-991.
29. McCall PJ, Mosha FW, Njunwa KJ, Sherlock K: Evidence for memorized site-fidelity in Anopheles arabiensis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001, 95:587-590.
30. Ijumba JN, Mosha FW, Lindsay SW: Malaria transmission risk variations derived from different agricultural practices in an irrigated area of northern Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol 2002, 16:28-38.
31. Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Seulu F, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Asmelash GE, Sintasath D, Mbogo C, Githure J, Brantly E, Beier JC, Novak RJ: Seasonal abundance, vector behavior, and malaria parasite transmission in Eritrea. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2004, 20:155-164.
32. von Seidlein L, Greenwood BM: Mass administrations of antimalarial drugs. Trends Parasitol 2003, 19:452-460.