메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 87-100

Traditional Healing as Indigenous Knowledge: Its Relevance to HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa and the Implications for Counselors

Author keywords

Counseling; Healing practices; HIV AIDS; Indigenous practices; Southern Africa; Traditional healing

Indexed keywords


EID: 33750926609     PISSN: 14330237     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2006.10820108     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 0345400604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of knowledge systems vs. Sustainable development: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Adunga, G. (1996). The dynamics of knowledge systems vs. sustainable development: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Adunga, G.1
  • 3
    • 0002610654 scopus 로고
    • Indigenous and scientific knowledge: Some critical comments
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004
    • Agrawal, A. (1995). Indigenous and scientific knowledge: some critical comments. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 3 (3). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1995) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.3 , Issue.3
    • Agrawal, A.1
  • 4
    • 34247392987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A response to certain comments: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Agrawal, A. (1996). A response to certain comments: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Agrawal, A.1
  • 5
    • 0003620219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlington, VA: Family Health International, Behavioral Research Unit. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Program. (1999). Behavior change-a summary of four major theories. Arlington, VA: Family Health International, Behavioral Research Unit. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. fhi. org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4the o. html
    • (1999) Behavior Change-A Summary of Four Major Theories
  • 6
    • 85023526921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved May 29, 2006
    • AIDS Foundation South Africa. (2005). Poverty. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www. aids. org. za/hiv. htm
    • (2005) Poverty
  • 8
    • 34247333944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can indigenous knowledge be brokered without scientific understanding of the community structure and distribution of that knowledge? A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Benfer, R. A., & Furbee, L. (1996). Can indigenous knowledge be brokered without scientific understanding of the community structure and distribution of that knowledge? A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Benfer, R.A.1    Furbee, L.2
  • 10
    • 34247327093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indigenous knowledge: A long history and an uncertain future: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Brookfield, M. (1996). Indigenous knowledge: A long history and an uncertain future: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Brookfield, M.1
  • 11
    • 0033753539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial and economic aspects of HIV/AIDS and counseling of caretakers of HIV-infected children in Uganda
    • Brouwer, C. N. M., Lok, C. L., Wolffers, I., & Sebagalls, S. (2000). Psychosocial and economic aspects of HIV/AIDS and counseling of caretakers of HIV-infected children in Uganda. AIDS Care, 12, 535-540.
    • (2000) AIDS Care , vol.12 , pp. 535-540
    • Brouwer, C.N.M.1    Lok, C.L.2    Wolffers, I.3    Sebagalls, S.4
  • 12
    • 0005421627 scopus 로고
    • Disease, ecology, and human behavior
    • T. M. Johnson & C. F. Sargent (Eds.), New York: Praeger Publishers
    • Brown, P. J., & Inhorn, M. C. (1990). Disease, ecology, and human behavior. In T. M. Johnson & C. F. Sargent (Eds.), Medical anthropology (187-214). New York: Praeger Publishers.
    • (1990) Medical Anthropology , pp. 187-214
    • Brown, P.J.1    Inhorn, M.C.2
  • 15
    • 85082287248 scopus 로고
    • The organisation of traditional medicine in Zimbabwe
    • M. Last & G. L. Chavunduka, Manchester, England: Manchester University Press in association with the International African Institute [International African Seminars New Series, no. 1]
    • Chavunduka, G. L. (1986). The organisation of traditional medicine in Zimbabwe. In M. Last & G. L. Chavunduka (Eds.), The professionalisation of African medicine (29-49). Manchester, England: Manchester University Press in association with the International African Institute [International African Seminars New Series, no. 1].
    • (1986) The Professionalisation of African Medicine , pp. 29-49
    • Chavunduka, G.L.1
  • 16
    • 27944439754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational research within postcolonial Africa: A critique of HIV/AIDS research in Botswana
    • Chilisa, B. (2005). Educational research within postcolonial Africa: A critique of HIV/AIDS research in Botswana. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 18, 659-684.
    • (2005) International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education , vol.18 , pp. 659-684
    • Chilisa, B.1
  • 18
    • 0018220625 scopus 로고
    • Medicine and culture: Some anthropological perspectives
    • Comaroff, J. (1978). Medicine and culture: Some anthropological perspectives. Social Science and Medicine, 12, 247-254.
    • (1978) Social Science and Medicine , vol.12 , pp. 247-254
    • Comaroff, J.1
  • 19
    • 84981909706 scopus 로고
    • Healing and the cultural order: The case of the Baralongboo Ratshidi of southern Africa
    • Comaroff, J. (1980). Healing and the cultural order: The case of the Baralongboo Ratshidi of southern Africa. American Ethnologist, 7, 637-657.
    • (1980) American Ethnologist , vol.7 , pp. 637-657
    • Comaroff, J.1
  • 21
    • 34247326659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRS Publication No. IB10050, Washington, D. C.: The National Council for Science and the Environment
    • Copson, R. W. (2001, May 14). AIDS in Africa. Congressional Research Service Issue Brief for Congress (CRS Publication No. IB10050, 1-12). Washington, D. C.: The National Council for Science and the Environment.
    • (2001) AIDS in Africa. Congressional Research Service Issue Brief for Congress , pp. 1-12
    • Copson, R.W.1
  • 22
    • 0029960268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a shared vision of out of Hours care: Using rapid appraisal methods to create an interagency, community oriented, approach to service development
    • Dale, J., Shipman, C., Lacock, L., & Davies, M. (1996). Creating a shared vision of out of Hours care: Using rapid appraisal methods to create an interagency, community oriented, approach to service development. British Medical Journal, 312, 1206-1211.
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.312 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Dale, J.1    Shipman, C.2    Lacock, L.3    Davies, M.4
  • 23
    • 85179247333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crushed glass, or, is there a counterpoint to culture?
    • E. V. Daniel and J. M. Peck (Eds.), Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
    • Daniel, E. V. (1996). Crushed glass, or, is there a counterpoint to culture? In E. V. Daniel and J. M. Peck (Eds.), Culture/contexture: Explorations in anthropology and literary studies (357-375). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    • (1996) Culture/Contexture: Explorations in Anthropology and Literary Studies , pp. 357-375
    • Daniel, E.V.1
  • 25
    • 0002219115 scopus 로고
    • The art and politics of interpretation
    • N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Denzin, N. K. (1994). The art and politics of interpretation. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (500-515). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research , pp. 500-515
    • Denzin, N.K.1
  • 26
    • 0023721166 scopus 로고
    • Mutumwa Nchimi healers and wizardry beliefs in Zambia
    • Dillon-Malone, C. (1988). Mutumwa Nchimi healers and wizardry beliefs in Zambia. Social Science and Medicine, 26, 1159-1172.
    • (1988) Social Science and Medicine , vol.26 , pp. 1159-1172
    • Dillon-Malone, C.1
  • 28
    • 0003755519 scopus 로고
    • Culture, stress, and disease
    • T. M. Johnson & C. F. Sargent (Eds.), New York: Praeger Publishers
    • Dressler, W. W. (1990). Culture, stress, and disease. In T. M. Johnson & C. F. Sargent (Eds.), Medical anthropology (248-268). New York: Praeger Publishers.
    • (1990) Medical Anthropology , pp. 248-268
    • Dressler, W.W.1
  • 29
    • 34247396328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication and transfer between different knowledge systems: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Dwyer, M. (1996). Communication and transfer between different knowledge systems: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Dwyer, M.1
  • 30
    • 0019023864 scopus 로고
    • Traditional treatment for mental illness in Africa: A review. Culture
    • Edgerton, R. B. (1980). Traditional treatment for mental illness in Africa: A review. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 4, 167-189.
    • (1980) Medicine and Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 167-189
    • Edgerton, R.B.1
  • 31
    • 0022276207 scopus 로고
    • Struggles for control: The social roots of health and healing in modern Africa
    • Feierman, S. (1985). Struggles for control: The social roots of health and healing in modern Africa. African Studies Review, 28 (2-3), 73-147.
    • (1985) African Studies Review , vol.28 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 73-147
    • Feierman, S.1
  • 35
    • 0041856950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: New Press
    • Foucault, M. (2001). Power. New York: New Press.
    • (2001) Power
    • Foucault, M.1
  • 36
    • 0026616023 scopus 로고
    • Planning health care in South Africa-is there a role for traditional healers?
    • Freeman, M., & Motsei, M. (1992). Planning health care in South Africa-is there a role for traditional healers? Social Science and Medicine, 34, 1183-1190.
    • (1992) Social Science and Medicine , vol.34 , pp. 1183-1190
    • Freeman, M.1    Motsei, M.2
  • 37
    • 0003494145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United NationsRetrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Freudenberger, K. S. (1998). Tree and land tenure rapid appraisal methods. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. fao. org/docrep/T1700E/t1700e00. htm#Contents
    • (1998) Tree and Land Tenure Rapid Appraisal Methods
    • Freudenberger, K.S.1
  • 38
    • 0010865542 scopus 로고
    • A report prepared for the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho, under the sponsorship of the European Community
    • Gay, D. (1993). Disease in Lesotho: Perception and prevalence. A report prepared for the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho, under the sponsorship of the European Community.
    • (1993) Disease in Lesotho: Perception and Prevalence
    • Gay, D.1
  • 39
    • 0010923377 scopus 로고
    • A report prepared for the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho, under the sponsorship of the European Community
    • Gay, J., & Gill, D. (1993). Health in Lesotho: Adevelopmentpro-file. A report prepared for the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho, under the sponsorship of the European Community.
    • (1993) Health in Lesotho: Adevelopmentpro-File
    • Gay, J.1    Gill, D.2
  • 43
    • 0012962289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadening the debate: The Tharaka participatory action research project: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Giarelli, (1996). Broadening the debate: The Tharaka participatory action research project: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Giarelli1
  • 44
    • 0003889657 scopus 로고
    • New York: Wiley and Brunner/Mazel
    • Gilman, S. L. (1982). Seeing the insane. New York: Wiley and Brunner/Mazel.
    • (1982) Seeing the Insane
    • Gilman, S.L.1
  • 46
    • 34247341480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of the district health system (DHS)
    • H. Görgen, T. Kirsch-Woik, & B. Schmidt-Ehry, Wiesbaden, Germany: Universum Verlagsanstalt GmbH KG. Available
    • Görgen, H., & Schmidt-Ehry, B. (2004). The concept of the district health system (DHS). In H. Görgen, T. Kirsch-Woik, & B. Schmidt-Ehry (Eds.), The district health system: Experiences and prospects in Africa, 27-46. Wiesbaden, Germany: Universum Verlagsanstalt GmbH KG. Available: http://www. comminit. com/africa/materials/ma2004/materi-als-1932. html
    • (2004) The District Health System: Experiences and Prospects in Africa , pp. 27-46
    • Görgen, H.1    Schmidt-Ehry, B.2
  • 47
    • 33746339000 scopus 로고
    • Mystical black power: The calling to divin-ermediumship in southern Africa
    • C. S. McClain (Ed.), New Jersey: Rutgers University
    • Green, E. C. (1989). Mystical black power: The calling to divin-ermediumship in southern Africa. In C. S. McClain (Ed.), Women as healers: Crosscultural perspectives (186-200). New Jersey: Rutgers University.
    • (1989) Women as Healers: Crosscultural Perspectives , pp. 186-200
    • Green, E.C.1
  • 48
    • 0026764159 scopus 로고
    • Sexually transmitted disease, ethnomedi-cine and health policy in Africa
    • Green, E. C. (1992). Sexually transmitted disease, ethnomedi-cine and health policy in Africa. Social Science and Medicine, 35, 121-130.
    • (1992) Social Science and Medicine , vol.35 , pp. 121-130
    • Green, E.C.1
  • 49
    • 0021596920 scopus 로고
    • Traditional healers in Swaziland: Toward improved cooperation between the traditional and modern health sectors
    • Green, E. C., & Makhubu, L. (1984). Traditional healers in Swaziland: Toward improved cooperation between the traditional and modern health sectors. Social Science and Medicine, 18, 1071-1079.
    • (1984) Social Science and Medicine , vol.18 , pp. 1071-1079
    • Green, E.C.1    Makhubu, L.2
  • 52
    • 0002965559 scopus 로고
    • Competing paradigms in qualitative research
    • N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In Handbook of qualitative research, ed. by N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, 105-117. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research , pp. 105-117
    • Guba, E.G.1    Lincoln, Y.S.2
  • 53
    • 1242272296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is modern science an ethnoscience? Rethinking epistemological assumptions
    • E. C. Eze (Ed.), Oxford: Blackwell
    • Harding, S. (1997). Is modern science an ethnoscience? Rethinking epistemological assumptions. In E. C. Eze (Ed.), Postcolonial African philosophy (44-70). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1997) Postcolonial African Philosophy , pp. 44-70
    • Harding, S.1
  • 54
    • 0002923475 scopus 로고
    • Data management and analysis methods
    • N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. 1994. Data management and analysis methods. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (428-444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research , pp. 428-444
    • Huberman, A.M.1    Miles, M.B.2
  • 55
    • 34247385614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western knowledge vs. Indigenous knowledge or knowledge for action? A sequel to the debate
    • Incerpi, F. (1996). Western knowledge vs. indigenous knowledge or knowledge for action? A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Incerpi, F.1
  • 58
    • 0017563519 scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Explaining the efficacy of indigenous therapies: The need for interdisciplinary research. Culture
    • Kleinman, A. (1977a). Editorial: Explaining the efficacy of indigenous therapies: The need for interdisciplinary research. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1, 133-134.
    • (1977) Medicine and Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 133-134
    • Kleinman, A.1
  • 59
    • 34247355649 scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Why this new journal? Culture
    • Kleinman, A. (1977b). Editorial: Why this new journal? Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1, 3-7.
    • (1977) Medicine and Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 3-7
    • Kleinman, A.1
  • 63
    • 0003055673 scopus 로고
    • An overview of rapid appraisal methods in development settings
    • K. Kumar (Ed.), Washington, D. C.: World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies
    • Kumar, K. (1993). An overview of rapid appraisal methods in development settings. In K. Kumar (Ed.), Rapid appraisal methods (8-22). Washington, D. C.: World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies.
    • (1993) Rapid Appraisal Methods , pp. 8-22
    • Kumar, K.1
  • 65
    • 34247331114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating local knowledge into development action: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Langendijk, M. A. M. (1996). Incorporating local knowledge into development action: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Langendijk, M.A.M.1
  • 66
    • 0040238967 scopus 로고
    • Professionalization of indigenous healers
    • T. M. Johnson & C. F. Sargent (Eds.), New York: Praeger Publishers
    • Last, M. (1990). Professionalization of indigenous healers. In T. M. Johnson & C. F. Sargent (Eds.), Medical anthropology (349-366). New York: Praeger Publishers.
    • (1990) Medical Anthropology , pp. 349-366
    • Last, M.1
  • 68
    • 0013036486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IK Notes, No. 32. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Leonard, K. L. (2001, May). African traditional healers: The economics of healing. IK Notes, No. 32. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://siteresources. worldbank. org/EXTINDKNOWLEDGE/Resources/iknt32. pdf
    • (2001) African Traditional Healers: The Economics of Healing
    • Leonard, K.L.1
  • 69
    • 85023525831 scopus 로고
    • Paper delivered at the Conference on Ethnomedicine and Health in the SADCC Region, 26-30 October 1992, Maseru, Lesotho
    • Letsie, T. K. (1992). National policies and attitudes towards traditional medicine. Paper delivered at the Conference on Ethnomedicine and Health in the SADCC Region, 26-30 October 1992, Maseru, Lesotho.
    • (1992) National Policies and Attitudes Towards Traditional Medicine
    • Letsie, T.K.1
  • 71
    • 0031138992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural training in southern Africa: A call for psychoecological pluralism
    • Levers, L. L. (1997). Cross-cultural training in southern Africa: A call for psychoecological pluralism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 21, 249-277.
    • (1997) International Journal of Intercultural Relations , vol.21 , pp. 249-277
    • Levers, L.L.1
  • 72
    • 84926117547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing counselor education in a developing context: A prospectus for a southern African regional counselor training and resource center
    • Retrieved May 29, 2006, from
    • Levers, L. L. (1999). Designing counselor education in a developing context: A prospectus for a southern African regional counselor training and resource center. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 1 (1), 26 Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www. jsdafrica. com/Jsda/Winter%201999/articlespdf/ARC-designing%20 counselor%20education. pdf
    • (1999) Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 26
    • Levers, L.L.1
  • 73
    • 34247357970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representations of psychiatric disability in fifty years of Hollywood film: An ethnographic content analysis
    • Retrieved May 29, 2006, from
    • Levers L. L. (2001). Representations of psychiatric disability in fifty years of Hollywood film: An ethnographic content analysis. Theory and Science Pedagogy, 2 (2), 26 Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://theoryandscience. icaap. org/con-tent/vol002. 002/lopezlevers. html
    • (2001) Theory and Science Pedagogy , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 26
    • Levers, L.L.1
  • 74
    • 84937377180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern Namibian teachers on the effects of violence, poverty, and privation on young children's development: School-based countermeasures
    • Levers, L. L. (2002). Northern Namibian teachers on the effects of violence, poverty, and privation on young children's development: School-based countermeasures. Journal of Children and Poverty, 8 (1), 5-44.
    • (2002) Journal of Children and Poverty , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-44
    • Levers, L.L.1
  • 76
    • 84950293284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying psychoeducational HIV/AIDS interventions in Botswana: Focus groups and related rapid assessment Methods
    • C. Fischer (Ed.), New York: Elsevier Press/Academic Press
    • Levers, L. L. (2006). Identifying psychoeducational HIV/AIDS interventions in Botswana: Focus groups and related rapid assessment Methods. In C. Fischer (Ed.), Qualitative research methods for psychological professions, (377-410). New York: Elsevier Press/Academic Press.
    • (2006) Qualitative Research Methods for Psychological Professions , pp. 377-410
    • Levers, L.L.1
  • 77
    • 0010796747 scopus 로고
    • A report prepared for the World Rehabilitation Fund, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, U. S. Department of Education. Stillwater, OK: National Clearing House for Rehabilitation Training Materials, Oklahoma State University
    • Levers, L. L., & Maki, D. R. (1994). An ethnographic analysis of traditional healing and rehabilitation services in southern Africa: Crosscultural implications. A report prepared for the World Rehabilitation Fund, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, U. S. Department of Education. Stillwater, OK: National Clearing House for Rehabilitation Training Materials, Oklahoma State University.
    • (1994) An Ethnographic Analysis of Traditional Healing and Rehabilitation Services in Southern Africa: Crosscultural Implications
    • Levers, L.L.1    Maki, D.R.2
  • 78
    • 0001579809 scopus 로고
    • African indigenous healing, cosmology, and existential implications: Toward a philosophy of ethnorehabilitation
    • Levers, L. L., & Maki, D. R. (1995). African indigenous healing, cosmology, and existential implications: Toward a philosophy of ethnorehabilitation. Rehabilitation Education, 9, 127-145.
    • (1995) Rehabilitation Education , vol.9 , pp. 127-145
    • Levers, L.L.1    Maki, D.R.2
  • 82
    • 0027564205 scopus 로고
    • Psychoneuroimmunology: The problem of the situatedness of illness and the conceptualization of healing. Culture
    • Lyon, M. L. (1993). Psychoneuroimmunology: The problem of the situatedness of illness and the conceptualization of healing. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 17, 77-97.
    • (1993) Medicine and Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 77-97
    • Lyon, M.L.1
  • 84
    • 0008300401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaborone, Republic of Botswana: Author
    • Ministry of Health, Botswana, AIDS/STD Unit. (1997). Botswana HIV and AIDS: Second medium term plan. Gaborone, Republic of Botswana: Author.
    • (1997) Botswana HIV and AIDS: Second Medium Term Plan
  • 85
    • 0024707022 scopus 로고
    • Health within illness: Conceptual evolution and practice possibilities
    • Moch, S. D. (1989). Health within illness: Conceptual evolution and practice possibilities. Advances in Nursing Science, 11 (4), 23-31.
    • (1989) Advances in Nursing Science , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 23-31
    • Moch, S.D.1
  • 86
    • 84952949460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shamanic performances: Healing through magic and the supernatural
    • R. Moodley, R., & W. West (Eds.), London: Sage
    • Moodley, R. (2005). Shamanic performances: Healing through magic and the supernatural. In R. Moodley, R., & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (2-14). London: Sage.
    • (2005) Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy , pp. 2-14
    • Moodley, R.1
  • 89
    • 0004255041 scopus 로고
    • Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Mudimbe, V. Y. (1994). The idea of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
    • (1994) The Idea of Africa
    • Mudimbe, V.Y.1
  • 90
    • 34247376112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research and training directed toward the conservation of IK: The training of local people: A sequel to the debate
    • Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Mwinyimbegu, K. S. (1996). Research and training directed toward the conservation of IK: The training of local people: A sequel to the debate. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4 (2). Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. nuffics. nl/ciran/ikdm
    • (1996) Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Mwinyimbegu, K.S.1
  • 91
    • 0009474202 scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice and organization of indigenous healers in South Africa
    • S. Feierman & J. M. Janzen (Eds.), Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Ngubane, H. (1992). Clinical practice and organization of indigenous healers in South Africa. In S. Feierman & J. M. Janzen (Eds.), The social basis of health and healing in Africa (366-375). Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) The Social Basis of Health and Healing in Africa , pp. 366-375
    • Ngubane, H.1
  • 92
    • 34247331968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You'll be pleased to know that Moureen is dead
    • Nicanor, N. (2002, July 19). You'll be pleased to know that Moureen is dead. Namibian, p. 6-7.
    • (2002) Namibian , pp. 6-7
    • Nicanor, N.1
  • 95
    • 0006582560 scopus 로고
    • Health and development: Retrospect and prospect
    • D. R. Phillips & Y. Verhasselt, New York: Routledge
    • Phillips, D. R., & Verhasselt, Y. (1994). Health and development: Retrospect and prospect. In D. R. Phillips & Y. Verhasselt (Eds), Health and development (301-318). New York: Routledge.
    • (1994) Health and Development , pp. 301-318
    • Phillips, D.R.1    Verhasselt, Y.2
  • 96
    • 0003962301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Ray, D. (1998). Development economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1998) Development Economics
    • Ray, D.1
  • 97
    • 79959936810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using participatory action research for the reconceptualization of educational practice
    • S. Hollingsworgh (Ed.), London: The Falmer Press
    • Rosas C. L. O. (1997). Using participatory action research for the reconceptualization of educational practice. In S. Hollingsworgh (Ed.), International action research: A casebook for educational reform, (219-224). London: The Falmer Press.
    • (1997) International Action Research: A Casebook for Educational Reform , pp. 219-224
    • Rosas, C.L.O.1
  • 98
    • 33947631715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional healing in South Africa
    • South Africa: Rand Afrikaans University
    • Rudnick, H. (2000). Traditional healing in South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Rand Afrikaans University.
    • (2000) Johannesburg
    • Rudnick, H.1
  • 99
    • 34247381780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RSA: SADC Human Resources Development Sector
    • Southern African Development Community (SADC) (April 2001). SADC HIV/AIDS in education strategic framework. RSA: SADC Human Resources Development Sector.
    • (2001) SADC HIV/AIDS in Education Strategic Framework
  • 100
    • 85023558187 scopus 로고
    • Witchcraft Act. Mbabane, Swaziland: Government Printer
    • Statutes of Swaziland. (1889). Criminal Law and Procedure: Act 6/1889, ss. 7 779. Witchcraft Act. Mbabane, Swaziland: Government Printer.
    • (1889) Criminal Law and Procedure: Act 6/1889, Ss. 7 779
  • 101
    • 34247360136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The USAID. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • Sweetser, A. T. (1996). Relaxed (rapid) & participatory appraisal. The USAID. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. usaid. gov/about/part_devel/docs/trnnepal. html
    • (1996) Relaxed (Rapid) & Participatory Appraisal
    • Sweetser, A.T.1
  • 106
    • 34247345066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Author. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from
    • United Nations Population Fund. (2000). Partners for change: Enlisting men in HIV/AIDS prevention. New York: Author. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. unfpa. org/mod-ules/intercenter/partners/pdf/partnersforchange. pdf
    • (2000) Partners for Change: Enlisting Men in HIV/AIDS Prevention
  • 108
    • 20444377372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
    • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2004). UN AIDS 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
    • (2004) UN AIDS 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic
  • 109
    • 33845462404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDSRetrieved May 31, 2006, from
    • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2006). UN AIDS 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved May 31, 2006, from http://www. unaids. org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default. asp
    • (2006) UN AIDS 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic
  • 110
    • 85023581464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved May 29, 2006, from
    • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (n. d.). Women. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from http://www. unaids. org/en/GetStarted/Women. asp
    • Women
  • 111
    • 34247357969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USAID Center for development information & evaluationRetrieved March 7, 2004
    • USAID. (1996). Performance monitoring and evaluation: Using rapid appraisal methods. USAID Center for development information & evaluation. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from http://www. dec. org/evals. html
    • (1996) Performance Monitoring and Evaluation: Using Rapid Appraisal Methods
  • 112
    • 84872108907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved May 29, 2006, from
    • US Central Intelligence Agency. (2006). The world fact book. Retrieved May 29, 2006, from https://www. cia. gov/cia/publi-cations/factbook/index. html
    • (2006) The World Fact Book
  • 118
    • 33750905801 scopus 로고
    • Series, #1. Geneva: WHO
    • World Health Organization. (1976). Afrotechnical report, Series, #1. Geneva: WHO.
    • (1976) Afrotechnical Report


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.