Nuclear thermometry

European Physical Journal A

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 203-213

  Kelic A ^a   Natowitz, J B ^b   Schmidt, K H ^a  

^a GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG GMBH   (Germany)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

05.70.Fh Phase transitions: general studies; 21.10.Ma Level density; 24.60. k Nuclear reaction: general: Statistical theory and fluctuations; 25.70. z Low and intermediate energy heavy ion reactions

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750924865     PISSN: 14346001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2006-10117-6     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (154)

1. H.A. Bethe, Rev. Mod. Phys. 9, 69 (1937).
2. V.F. Weisskopf, Phys. Rev. 52, 295 (1937).
3. E. Suraud, Gh. Grégoire, B. Tamain, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 23, 357 (1989).
4. D.H.E. Gross, Rep. Prog. Phys. 53, 605 (1990).
5. J.P. Bondorf et al., Phys. Rep. 257, 133 (1995).
6. D.J. Morrissey, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 44, 27 (1994).
7. D.H.E. Gross, Entropy 6, 158 (2004).
8. S. Levit, P. Bonche, Nucl. Phys. A 437, 426 (1985).
9. S. Albergo et al., Nuovo Cimento A 89, 1 (1985).
10. J. Pochodzalla et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1040 (1995).
11. D.J. Morrissey et al., Phys. Lett. B 148, 423 (1984).
12. D.J. Morrissey et al., Phys. Rev. C 32, 877 (1985).
13. J. Pochodzalla et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 177 (1985).
14. J. Pochodzalla et al., Phys. Rev. C 35, 35 (1987).
15. G.J. Kunde et al., Phys. Lett. B 272, 202 (1991).
16. V. Serfling et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3928 (1998).
17. M. Veselsky et al., Phys. Lett. B 497, 1 (2001).
18. M. Veselsky et al., Phys. Part. Nucl. 36, 213 (2005).
19. G.D. Westfall, Phys. Lett. B 116, 118 (1982).
20. B.V. Jacak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1846 (1983).
21. G.D. Westfall et al., Phys. Rev. C 17, 1368 (1978).
22. T. Odeh et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4557 (2000).
23. J. Gosset et al., Phys. Rev. C 16, 629 (1977).
24. D.G. d'Enterria et al., Phys. Lett. B 538, 27 (2002).
25. R. Ortega et al., Nucl. Phys. A 734, 541 (2004).
26. K.-H. Schmidt et al., Phys. Lett. B 300, 313 (1993).
27. K.-H. Schmidt et al., Nucl. Phys. A 710, 157 (2002).
28. S. Shlomo et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1 (2005).
29. Al.H. Raduta et al., Nucl. Phys. A 671, 609 (2000).
30. M.B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3836 (1997).
31. D.H. Boal, Phys. Rev. C 30, 749 (1984).
32. A.S. Goldhaber, Phys. Rev. C 17, 2243 (1978).
33. W.A. Priedman, W.G. Lynch, Phys. Rev. C 28, 16 (1983).
34. I. Dostrowsky, P. Robinowitz, P. Bivins, Phys. Rev. 111, 1659 (1958).
35. R. Pühlhofer, Nucl. Phys. A 280, 267 (1977).
36. A. Gavron, Phys. Rev. C 21, 230 (1980).
37. M. Blann, Phys. Rev. C 23, 205 (1981).
38. R.J. Charity et al., Nucl. Phys. A 483, 371 (1988).
39. S. Ban-Hao, D.H.E. Gross, Nucl. Phys. A 437, 643 (1985).
40. A.S. Goldhaber, Phys. Lett. B 53, 306 (1974).
41. D.J. Fields et al., Phys. Rev. C 30, 1912 (1984).
42. H. Stöcker et al., Z. Phys. A 303, 259 (1981).
43. W.A. Friedman, W.G. Lynch, Phys. Rev. C 28, 950 (1983).
44. W.A. Friedman, Phys. Rev. C 37, 976 (1988).
45. C.B. Chitwood et al., Phys. Rev. C 34, 858 (1986).
46. P.J. Siemens, J.O. Rasmussen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 880 (1979).
47. W.A. Friedmann, Phys. Rev. C 42, 667 (1990).
48. N. Marie et al., Phys. Rev. C 58, 256 (1998).
49. S. Hudan et al., Phys. Rev. C 67, 064613 (2003).
50. H. Müller, B.D. Serot, Phys. Rev. C 52, 2072 (1995).
51. V. Baran et al., Nucl. Phys. A 703, 603 (2002).
52. D. Henzlova, PhD Thesis, University of Prague (March 2006).
53. L. Shi, P. Danielewicz, Phys. Rev. C 68, 064604 (2003).
54. H. Xi et al., Phys. Lett. B 431, 8 (1998).
55. A. Le Fèvre et al., Nucl. Phys. A 657, 446 (1999).
56. Al.H. Raduta et al., Phys. Rev. C 59, R1855 (1999).
57. V.E. Viola et al., Phys. Rev. C 59, 2660 (1999).
58. S. Hudan et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 054604 (2005).
59. M.V. Ricciardi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 733, 299 (2004).
60. S.K. Samaddar et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 011601 (2005).
61. D.H.E. Gross, Phys. Rep. 279, 119 (1997).
62. J.A. Hauger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 235 (1996).
63. Y.G. Ma et al., Phys. Lett. B 390, 41 (1997).
64. T.X. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 014603 (2004).
65. M. Colonna et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 122701 (2002).
66. T. Sill et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 014602 (2004).
67. E. Vient et al., Nucl. Phys. A 700, 555 (2002).
68. S. Pal et al., Nucl. Phys. A 586, 466 (1995).
69. H. Xi et al., Phys. Rsv. C 59, 15667 (1999).
70. B. Tamain, D. Durand, University of Caen Report LPCC 96-16 (1996).
71. P. Chomaz, Proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC2001, Berkeley CA, USA, 2001, edited by E. Norman, L. Schröder, G. Wozniak, AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 610 (Melville, New York, 2002) p. 167.
72. A. Bonasera et al., Riv. Nuovo Cimento 23, No. 2 (2000).
73. S. Das Gupta et al., nucl-th/0009033.
74. J.P. Blaizot, Phys. Rep. 64, 171 (1980).
75. H. Jaqaman et al., Phys. Rev. C 27, 2782 (1983);
76. H. Jaqaman et al., Phys. Rev. C, ibid, 29, 2067 (1984).
77. W.D. Myers, W.J. Swiatecki, Phys. Rev. C 57, 3020 (1998).
78. J. Zimanyi, S.A. Moszkowski, Phys. Rev. C 42, 1416 (1990).
79. P.G. Reinhard et al., Z. Phys. A 323, 13 (1986).
80. J.P. Blaizot et al., Nucl. Phys. A 591, 435 (1995).
81. R.J. Furnstahl et al., Nucl. Phys. A 615, 441 (1997).
82. G. Lalazissis et al., Phys. Rev. C 55, 540 (1997).
83. M. Malheiro et al., Phys. Rev. C 58, 426 (1998).
84. E. Chabanat et al., Nucl. Phys. A 627, 710 (1997).
85. M. Farine et al., Nucl. Phys. A 615, 135 (1997).
86. P. Bonche et al., Nucl. Phys. A 427, 278 (1984).
87. J. Besprosvany, S. Levit, Phys. Lett. B 217, 1 (1989).
88. H.Q. Song, R.K. Su, Phys. Rev. C 44, 2505 (1991).
89. H.Q. Song et al., Phys. Rev. C 47, 2001 (1993);
90. H.Q. Song et al., Phys. Rev. C, ibid, 49, 2924 (1994).
91. Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. C 54, 1137 (1996).
92. M. Baldo, L.S. Ferreira, Phys. Rev. C 59, 682 (1999).
93. J.N. De et al., Phys. Rev. C 55, R1641 (1997).
94. P. Wang et al., Nucl. Phys. A 748, 226 (2005).
95. A.L. Goodman et al., Phys. Rev. C 30, 851 (1984).
96. W.A. Friedman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2125 (1988).
97. J. Aichelin et al., Phys. Rev. C 37, 2451 (1988).
98. F. Gulminem, D. Durand, Nucl. Phys. A 615, 117 (1997).
99. J. Schnack, H. Feldmeier, Phys. Lett. B 409, 6 (1997).
100. C. Fuchs et al., Nucl. Phys. A 626, 987 (1997).
101. H. Kruse et al., Phys. Rev. C 31, 170 (1985).
102. H. Horiuchi, Nucl. Phys. A 583, 297c (1995).
103. A. Ono, Phys. Rev. C 59, 853 (1999).
104. P. Chomaz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3512 (1994).
105. W. Nörenberg et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 9, 327 (2000);
106. W. Nörenberg et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, ibid, 14, 43 (2002).
107. A. Chernomoretz et al., Phys. Rev. C 64, 044605 (2001).
108. A. Strachan, C.O. Dorso, Phys. Rev. C 58, 632 (1998).
109. M.J. Ison et al., Physica A 341, 389 (2004).
110. Y. Sugawa, H. Horiuchi, Prog. Theor. Phys. 105, 131 (2001).
111. T. Furuta, A. Ono, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 156, 147 (2004).
112. K. Hagel et al., Nucl. Phys. A 486, 429 (1988).
113. R. Wada et al., Phys. Rev. C 39, 497 (1989).
114. D. Cussol et al., Nucl. Phys. A 561, 298 (1993).
115. M. Gonin et al., Phys. Rev. C 42, 2125 (1990).
116. T. Odeh, GSI Report Diss. 99-15, August 1999, and references therein.
117. J.A. Hauger et al., Phys. Rev. C 62, 024616 (2000).
118. R. Wada et al., Phys. Lett. B 423, 21 (1998).
119. K.B. Morley et al., Phys. Rev. C 54, 737; 749 (1996).
120. J. Cibor et al., Phys. Lett. B 473, 29 (2000).
121. K. Hagel et al., Phys. Rev. C 62, 034607-1 (2000).
122. A. Ruangma et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 044603 (2002).
123. B. Borderie, Proceedings of the Conference Bologna 2000, Bologna, Italy, 2000, edited by G.C. Bonsignori et al., Vol. 1, Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (World Scientific, Singapore, 2001) p. 187, preprint nucl-ex/0102016.
124. J.B. Natowitz et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 034618 (2002).
125. D.G. d'Enterria et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 22701 (2002).
126. R. Hasse, P. Schuck, Phys. Lett. B 179, 313 (1986).
127. S. Shlomo, J.B. Natowitz, Phys. Lett. B 252, 187 (1990).
128. S. Shlomo, J.B. Natowitz, Phys. Rev. C 44, 2878 (1991).
129. L.G. Sobotka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 132702 (2004).
130. J.N. De et al., Phys. Lett. B 638, 160 (2006).
131. J.B. Natowitz et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 031601 (2002).
132. A.S. Hirsch et al., Phys. Rev. C 29, 508 (1984).
133. V.E. Viola et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 132701 (2004).
134. J. Cibor et al., in Isospin Physics in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies, edited by Bao-An Li, W.U. Schröder (NOVA Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2001) p. 283.
135. D.H.E. Gross et al., Ann. Phys. 5, 446 (1996).
136. P. Chomaz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3587 (2000).
137. P. Chomaz, F. Gulminelli, Phys. Lett. B 447, 221 (1999).
138. D.H.E. Gross, J.F. Kenney, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 224111 (2005).
139. A. Chbihi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 5, 251 (1999).
140. M. D'Agostino et al., Nucl. Phys. A 650, 329 (1999).
141. W. Thirring et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 130601 (2003).
142. X. Campi et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 041601 (2005).
143. M. Schmidt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 203402 (2001).
144. D.H.E. Gross, P.A. Hervieux, Z. Phys. D 35, 27 (1995).
145. J.B. Elliott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 042701 (2002).
146. J.B. Natowitz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 212701 (2002).
147. J. Kapusta, Phys. Rev. C 29, 1735 (1984).
148. J.M. Lattimer, F.D. Swesty, Nucl. Phys. A 535, 331 (1991).
149. D.H. Youngblood et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 691 (1999).
150. L.G. Moretto et al., Phys. Rev. C 72, 064605 (2005).
151. J.B. Elliott et al., Phys. Rev. C 67, 024609 (2003).
152. J. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. C 72, 024603 (2005).
153. A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 70, 034611 (2004).
154. R. Wada et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610 (2004).