Polyethylene structure as a function of temperature: An EDXD investigation

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics

Volumn 45 B, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1005-1014

  Caminiti, R ^a   Ballirano, P ^a   Carbone, M ^b  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Energy dispersive X ray diffraction (EDXD); High density polyethylene; Low density polyethylene; Rietveld refinement; Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

Indexed keywords

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; THERMAL EFFECTS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

ENERGY DISPERSIVE X RAY DIFFRACTION (EDXD); HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE;

POLYETHYLENES;

EID: 33750917620     PISSN: 00222348     EISSN: 1525609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222340600735106     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Brown, R.G.; Eby, R.K. Effect of crystallization conditions and heat treatment on polyethylene: lamellar thickness, melting temperature, and density. J. Appl. Phys. 1964, 35 (4), 1156.
2. Eby, R.K. First-order transition temperatures in crystalline polymers. J. Appl. Phys. 1963, 34 (8), 2442.
3. Eby, R.K. Diffusion in a polymer with lamellar morphology, polyethylene. J. Appl. Phys. 1964, 35 (9), 2720.
4. Swan, P.R. Polyethylene unit cell variations with temperature. J. Polym. Sci. 1962, 56, 403.
5. Iohara, K.; Imada, Takayanagi, M. Determination of displacement of polyethylene molecules in crystal lattice. Polym. J. 1972, 3 (3), 357.
6. Kobayashi, Y.; Keller, A. A temperature coefficient of the c lattice parameter of polyethylene; an example of thermal shrinkage along the chain direction. Polymer 1970, 11, 114.
7. Krenzer, E.; Ruland, W. Temperature dependence of lattice distortions in polyethylene. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1981, 259, 405.
8. Asbach, G.I.; Wilke, W. Temperaturabhängigkeit der Realstruktur des kristallinen Anteils von LPDE. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1982, 260, 113.
9. Li-shen, L.; Andreeva, N.S.; Kargin, A. X-ray studies of polyethylene monocriystals at various temperatures. Vysokomolekularnyie Soedinenya 1961, III, 1238.
10. Swan, P.R. Polyetylene unit cell variations with branching. J. Polym. Sci. 1962, 56, 409.
11. Baker, A.M.E. ; Windle, A.H. The effects of branching and fibre drawing on the crystal structure of polyethylene. Polymer 2001, 42, 651.
12. Baker, A.M.E.; Windle, A.H. Evidence for a partially ordered component in the polyetylene from wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Polymer 2001, 42, 667.
13. Baker, A.M.E.; Windle, A.H. An X-ray diffraction and modeling study of short chain branch location within the structure of polyehylene. Polymer 2001, 42, 681.
14. Chang, A.C.; Tau, L.; Hiltner, A.; Baer, E. Structure of blown fil from blends of polyethylene and high melt strength polypropylene. Polymer 2002, 43, 4923.
15. Giessen, B.C.; Gordon, G.E. X-ray diffraction: new high-speed technique based on X-ray spectrography. Science 1968, 159, 973.
16. Glazer, A.M.; Hidaka, M.; Bordas, J. Energy-dispersive powder profile refinement using synchrotron radiation. J. Appl. Cryst. 1978, 11, 165.
17. Buras, B.; Gerward, L.; Glazer, A.M.; Hidaka, M.; Staun Olsen, J. Quantitative structural studies by means of the energy-dispersive method with X-rays from a storage ring. J. Appl. Cryst. 1979, 72, 531.
18. 2 polymorphs at high pressures and temperatures by energy-dispersive spectra of powder diffraction. J. Appl. Cryst. 1991, 24, 111.
19. Rossi Albertini, V.; Bencivenni, L.; Caminiti, R.; Cilloco, F.; Sadun, C. A new technique for the study of phase transitions by means of energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. Application to polymeric samples. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 1996, B35, 199.
20. Rossi Albertini, V.; Caminiti, R.; Cilloco, F.; Croce, F.; Sadun, C. Temperature dependance of PEO phase transition rate by energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 1997, B36, 221.
21. Caminiti, R.; Gleria, M.; Lipkowitz, K.B.; Lombardo, G.M.; Pappalardo, G.C. Molecular dynamics simulations combined wih large angle x-ray scattering technique for the determination of the structure, conformation and conformational dynamics of polyphosphazenes in amorphous phase: study of poly(di-(4-methylphenoxy)phosphazene). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2196.
22. Sugiyama, K.; Shinkai, T.; Waseda, Y. High Temp. Mater. Proc. 1998, 17, 155.
23. Ballirano, P.; Caminiti, R.; Ercolani, C.; Maras, A.; Orrù, M.A. X-ray powder diffraction structure reinvestigation of ̧ and β forms of cobalt phthalocyanine and kinetics of the α β phase transition. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1998, 120, 12798.
24. Caminiti, R.; Rossi Albertini, V. The kinetics of phase transitions observed by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 1999, 18, 263.
25. Ballirano, P.; Caminiti, R. Rietveld refinements on laboratory energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) data. J. Appl. Cryst. 2001, 34, 757.
26. Caminiti, R.; Pandolfi, L.; Ballirano, P. Structure of polyethylene from X-ray powder diffraction: influence of the amorphous fraction on data analysis. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 2000, B39 (4), 481.
27. Caminiti, R.; Sadun, C.; Rossi, V.; Cilloco, F.; Felici, R. XXV National Congress of Physical Chemistry, Cagliari, Italy, June 17th-21st 1991, Pat. Appl., 01261484, June 23, 1993.
28. Caminiti, R.; Sadun, C.; Bionducci, M.; Buffa, F.; Ennas, G.; Lichen, G.; Musinu, A. Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction applied to isothermal crystallization of the amorphous alloy Ni60B40. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1997, 127, 59.
29. Wilson, A.J.C. Note on the aberrations of a fixed-angle energy-dispersive powder diffractometer. J. Appl. Cryst. 1973, 6, 230.
30. Larson, A.C.; Von Dreele, R.B. GSAS General Structure Analysis System. LAUR 86-748. Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1986.
31. Finger, L.W.; Cox, D.E.; Jephcoat, A.P. A correction for powder diffraction peak asymmetry due to axial divergence. J. Appl. Cryst. 1994, 27, 892.
32. Von Dreele, R.B. Quantitative texture analysis by Rietveld refinement. J. Appl. Cryst. 1997, 30, 517.
33. Ballirano, P.; Caminiti, R.; D'Ilario, L.; Martinelli, A.; Piozzi, A.; Maras, A. Crystallization condition influence on the structural characteristics of poly(p-phenylene sulfide): Rietveld refinement. J. Mater. Sci. 1998, 33, 3519.
34. Young, R.A; Ed. In The Rietveld Method; Oxford Science Publications: Oxford, 1993; 1.