An investigation into the applicability of the Ward and Siegert Pathways Model of child sexual abuse with Internet offenders

Psychology, Crime and Law

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 589-603

  Middleton, David ^a,b   Elliott, Ian A ^b   Mandeville Norden, Rebecca ^b   Beech, Anthony R ^b  

^a National Probation Service   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Child pornography; Internet offenders; Pathways Model

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750910042     PISSN: 1068316X     EISSN: 14772744     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10683160600558352     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Barratt, E. S. (1994). Impulsiveness and aggression. In J. Monahan, & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Beckett, R. C. (1987). The children and sex questionnaire. Available from Richard Beckett, Room FF39, The Oxford Clinic, Littlemore Health Centre, Sanford Rd, Littlemore, Oxford, UK.
3. Beech, A. R. (1998). A psychometric typology of child abusers. International Journal of Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 42, 319-339.
4. Beech, A. R., Fisher, D., & Beckett, R. C. (1999). An evaluation of the Prison Sex Offender Treatment Programme. UK Home Office Occasional Report. Available from Home Office Publications Unit, 50 Queen Anne's Gate, London, SW1 9AT, UK. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-step3.pdf.
5. Branwyn, G. (1993). Compu-sex: Erotica for cybernauts. South Atlantic Quarterly, 92, 779-791.
6. Bromberg, H. (1996). Are MUDs communities? Identity, belonging, and consciousness in virtual worlds. In R. Shields (Ed.), Cultures of the Internet: Virtual spaces, real histories, living bodies. London: Sage.
7. Connelly, M. (2004). Developmental trajectories and sexual offending: An analysis of the Pathways Model. Qualitative Social Work, 3, 39-59.
8. Cooper, A. (1997). The Internet and sexuality: Into the new millennium. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 22, 5-6.
9. Davis, M. H. (1980). A multi-dimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalogue to Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
10. Durkin, K. (1997). Misuse of the Internet by pedophiles: Implications for law enforcement and probation practice. Federal Probation, 61, 14-18.
11. Eldridge, H. (2000). Patterns of sex offending and strategies for effective and intervention. In C. Itzin (Ed.), Home truths about child sexual abuse: Influencing policy and practice. London: Routledge.
12. Finkelhor, D. (1984). Child sexual abuse: New theory and research. New York: Free Press.
13. Hall, G. C. N., & Hirschman, R. (1992). Sexual aggression against children: A conceptual perspective of etiology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, 8-23.
14. Hughes, D. (2000). 'Welcome to the rape camp': Sexual exploitation and the Internet in Cambodia. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 6, 29-52.
15. Itzin, C. (2002). Pornography and the construction of misogyny. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8, 4-42.
16. Marshall, W. L. (1988). The use of sexually explicit stimuli by rapists, child molesters and non-offenders. Journal of Sex Research, 25, 267-288.
17. Marshall, W. L. (2000). Revisiting the use of pornography by sexual offenders: Implications for theory and practice. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 6, 67-78.
18. Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1990). An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.), Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories and treatment of the offender. New York: Plenum.
19. Print, B., & Morrison, T. (2000). Treating adolescents who sexually abuse others. In C. Itzin (Ed.), Home truths about child sexual abuse: Influencing policy and practice. London: Routledge.
20. Quayle, E., & Taylor, M. (2002). Child pornography and the Internet: Perpetuating a cycle of abuse. Deviant Behavior, 23, 331-362.
21. Quayle, E., & Taylor, M. (2003). Model of problematic Internet use in people with a sexual interest in children. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 6, 93-106.
22. Quayle, E., Vaughan, M., & Taylor, M. (2006). Sex offenders, Internet child abuse images and emotional avoidance: The importance of values. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 1-11.
23. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. A. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
24. Salter, A. (1988). Treating child sex offenders and their victims: A practical guide. London: Sage.
25. Seto, M. C., & Eke, A. W. (2005). The criminal histories and later offending of child pornography offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 201-210.
26. Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives. New York: Guilford.
27. Studer, L. H., Clelland, S. R., Aylwin, A. S., Reddon, J. R., & Monro, A. (2000). Rethinking risk assessment for incest offenders. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 23, 15-22.
28. Tate, T. (1990). Child pornography. St Ives, UK: Methuen.
29. Taylor, M., Holland, G., & Quayle, E. (2000). A typology of child pornography. Police Journal, 74, 97-107.
30. Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotional regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
31. Thornton, D. (1989). Self-Esteem Scale. Unpublished man uscript. Available from David Thornton, Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center, Mauston, Wisconsin, USA.
32. Thornton, D., Mann, R., Webster, S., Blud, L., Travers, R., Friendship, C. et al., M. (2003). Distinguishing and combining risks for sexual and violent recidivism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 225-235.
33. Ward, T., Hudson, S. M., & Marshall, W. L. (1996). Attachment style in sexual offenders: A preliminary study. Journal of Sex Research, 33, 17-26.
34. Ward, T., & Siegert, R. J. (2002). Toward a comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse: A theory knitting perspective. Psychology. Crime & Law, 8, 319-351.
35. Ward, T. S., & Sorbello, L. (2003). Explaining child sexual abuse: Integration and elaboration. In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies in sexual deviance. London: Sage.
36. Wasik, M. (2002). The panel's advice to the court of appeal on offenses involving child pornography. Consultation paper for the Sentencing Advisory Panel. Retrieved January 9, 2004 from http://www.sentencing-advisory-panel. gov.uk/.
37. Wyre, R. (1992). Pornography and sexual violence: Working with sex offenders. In C. Itzin (Ed.), Pornography: Women, violence and civil liberties. Oxford: Oxford University Press.