A confirmatory comparison of the factor structure of the children's depression inventory between European American and African American Youth

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 773-788

  Steele, Ric G ^a   Little, Todd D ^a   Ilardi, Stephen S ^a   Forehand, Rex ^b   Brody, Gene H ^c   Hunter, Heather L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; CDI; Confirmatory factor analysis; Depression; Racial differences

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750842973     PISSN: 10621024     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10826-006-9054-9     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th Ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Bell, C. C., & Jenkins, E. J. (1993). Community violence and children on Chicago's southside. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 56, 46-54.
3. Broman, C. L. (1996). Coping with personal problems. In H. W. Neighbors & J. S. Jackson (Eds.), Mental health in black America (pp. 117-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Carey, M. P., Faulstich, M. E., Gresham, F. M., Ruggiero, L., & Enyart, P. (1987). Children's Depression Inventory: Construct and discriminant validity across clinical and nonreferred (control) populations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 755-761.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (1999). HIV/AIDS surveillance report: U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through June 1999. Atlanta, GA: CDC.
6. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
7. Cole, D. A., Hoffman, K., Tram, J. M., & Maxwell, S. E. (2000). Structural differences in parent and child reports of children's symptoms of depression and anxiety. Psychological Assessment, 12, 174-185.
8. Cowart, R. T., & Smith, W. M. (1983). Family services: Issues and opportunities in contemporary and rural America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
9. Craighead, W. E., Smucker, M. R., Craighead, L. W., & Ilardi, S. S. (1998). Factor analyses of the Children's Depression Inventory in a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 156-165.
10. Craighead, W. E., Curry, J. F., & Ilardi, S. S. (1995). Relationship of Children's Depression Inventory factors to Major Depression among adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 7, 171-176.
11. Curry, J. F., & Craighead, W. E. (1990). Attributional style in clinically depressed and conduct disordered adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 109-115.
12. Curry, J. F., & Craighead, W. E. (1993). Depression. In T. H. Ollendick & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent assessment. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
13. Drucker, P. M., & Greco-Vigorito, C. (2002). An exploratory factor analysis of Children's Depression Inventory scores in young children of substance abusers. Psychological Reports, 91, 131-141.
14. Family Health Project Group. (1998). The Family Health Project: A multi-disciplinary longitudinal investigation of children whose mothers are HIV-infected. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 839-856.
15. Forehand, R., Brody, G. H., Armistead, L., Dorsey, S., Morse, E., Simon-Morse, P., & Stock, M. (2000). The role of community risks and resources in the psychosocial adjustment of at-risk children: An examination across two community contexts and two informants. Behavior Therapy, 31, 395-414.
16. Fristad, M. A., Emery, B. L., & Beck, S. J. (1997). Use and abuse of the Children's Depression Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 699-702.
17. Hodges, K. (1985). Manual for the Child Assessment Schedule. Unpublished Manuscript.
18. Hodges, K. (1990). Depression and anxiety in children: A comparison of self-report questionnaires to clinical interview. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2, 489-492.
19. Houghton, S., O'Connell, M., & O'Flaheity, A. (1998). The use of the Children's Depression Inventory in an Irish Context. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 19, 313-331.
20. Jenkins, E. J., & Bell, C. C. (1994). Violence among inner city high school students and post-traumatic stress disorder. In S. Friedman (Ed.), Anxiety disorders in African Americans (pp. 76-88). New York: Springer.
21. Jenkins, J. H., Kleinman, A., & Good, B. J. (1991). Cross-cultural studies of depression. In J. Becker & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Psychosocial aspects of depression (pp. 67-99). Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.
22. Jöreskog, K., & Sörborn, D. (2001). LISREL 8: User's reference guide. Chicago: SSI.
23. Kamphaus, R. W., & Frick, P. J. (1996). Clinical assessment of child and adolescent personality and behavior (pp. 88-120). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
24. Kistner, J. A., David, C. F., & White, B. A. (2003). Ethnic and sex differences in children's depressive symptoms: Mediating effects of perceived and actual competence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 52, 341-350.
25. Kovacs, M. (1983). The children's depression inventory: A self-rated depression scale for school-aged youngsters. Unpublished manuscript. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
26. Kovacs, M. (1985). The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995-998.
27. Kovacs, M. (1991). The children's depression inventory (CDI). North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
28. Kovacs, M. (1992). The children's depression inventory. New York: Multi-Health Systems.
29. Little, T. D. (1997). Mean and covariance structures (MACS) analyses of cross-cultural data: Practical and theoretical issues. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 53-76.
30. Little, T. D., Card, N. A., Slegers, D. W., & Ledford, E. C. (in press). Modeling contextual effects with multiple-group MACS models. In T. D. Little, J. A. Bovaird, & N. A. Card (Eds.), Modeling ecological and contextual effects in longitudinal studies of human development (pp. 000-000). Mahwah, NJ: LEA
31. Little, T. D., & Slegers, D. W. (2005). Factor analysis: Multiple groups. In B. Everitt & D. Howell (Eds.), & D. Rindskopf (Section Ed.), Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science (Vol. 2, pp. 617-623). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
32. Little, T. D., Siegers, D. W., & Card, N. A. (2006). A non-arbitrary method of identifying and scaling latent variables in SEM and MACS models. Structural Equation Modeling, 1, 59-72.
33. Neal, A. M., Lilly, R. S., & Zakis, S. (1993). What are African American children afraid of? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 129-139.
34. Nelson, W. M., Politano, P. M., Finch, A. J., Wendel, N., & Mayhall, C. (1987). Children's Depression Inventory: Normative data and utility with emotionally disturbed children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 43-48.
35. Ollendick, T. H. (1983). Reliability and validity of the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSSC-R). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 685-692.
36. Orthner, D. (1986, April). Children and families in the South: Trends in healthcare, family services, and the rural economy. (Prepared statement for a hearing before the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families). Washington, DC. U.S. Government Printing Office.
37. Pallone, N. J., & Hennessy, J. J. (2000). Blacks and Whites as victims and offenders in aggressive crime in the U.S.: Myths and Realities. In N. J. Pallone (Ed.), Race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, violent crime: The realities and the myths (pp. 1-33). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.
38. Plant, E. A., & Sachs-Ericsson, N. (2004). Racial and ethnic differences in depression: The roles of social support and meeting basic needs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 41-52.
39. Politano, P. M., Nelson, W. M., Evans, H. E., Sorenson, S. B., & Zeman, D. J. (1986). Factor analytic evaluation of differences between Black and European American emotionally disturbed children on the Children's Depression Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 8, 1-7.
40. Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chen, Y. R. (1997). Ethnocultural differences in prevalence of adolescent depression. Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 95-110.
41. Saylor, C. F., Finch, A. J., Spirito, A., & Bennett, B. (1984). The Children's Depression Inventory: A systematic evaluation of psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 955-967.
42. Smucker, M. R., Craighead, W. E., Craighead, L. W., & Green, B. J. (1986). Normative and reliability data for the Children's Depression Inventory. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 25-39.
43. Steele, R. G., Elliott, V. E., & Phipps, S. (2003). Race and health status as determinants of anger expression and adaptive style in children. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 40-57.
44. Sussman, L. K., Robins, L. N., & Earls, F. (1987). Treatment seeking for depression by black and white Americans. Social Science and Medicine, 24, 187-196.
45. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental health: Culture, race, and ethnicity - A supplement to Mental Health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. DHHS, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General.
46. Weist, M. D., Acosta, O. M., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2001). Predictors of violence exposure among inner-city youth. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 187-198.