Getting fed up with our feet: Contrast maintenance and the New Zealand English "short" front vowel shift

Language Variation and Change

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-25

  Maclagan, Margaret ^a   Hay, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750819216     PISSN: 09543945     EISSN: 14698021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954394507070020     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Batterham, Margaret. (1993). Attitudes to New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 7:5-24.
2. Batterham, Margaret. (1995). "There is another type here": Some front vowel variables in New Zealand English, unpublished doctoral dissertation. Melbourne: Latrobe University.
3. Bauer, Laurie, (1979), The second great vowel shift? Journal of the International Phonetic Association 9:57-66.
4. Bauer, Laurie, (1986). Notes on New Zealand English phonetics and phonology. English World-Wide 7:225-258.
5. Bauer, laurie, (1992). The second great vowel shift revisited. English World-Wide 13:253-268.
6. Bayard, Donn. (1995). Kiwitalk: Sociolinguistics and New Zealand society. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press.
7. Bell, Allan. (1997). The phonetics of fish and chips in New Zealand: Marking national and ethnic identities, English World-Wide 18:243-270,
8. Bell, Allan, & Holmes, Janet. (1992). H-droppin': Two sociolinguistic variables in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 12(2):223-248.
9. Di Paolo, Mariana, & Faber, Alice. (1990). Phonation differences and the phonetic content of the tense-lax contrast in Utah English. Language Variation and Change 2:155-204.
10. Easton, Anita, & Bauer, Laurie. (2000). An acoustic study of the vowels of New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 20(2):93-117.
11. Elley, W. B., & Irving, J. C. (1985). The Elley-Irving socio-economic index: 1981 census revision. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 20:115-128.
12. Gordon, Elizabeth, Campbell, Lyle, Hay, Jennifer, Maclagan, Margaret, Sudbury, Andrea, & Trudgill, Peter. (2004). New Zealand English: Its Origins and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Gordon, Elizabeth, & Maclagan, Margaret. (1989). Beer and bear, cheer and chair: A longitudinal study of the ear/air contrast in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 9:203-220.
14. Gordon, Elizabeth, & Maclagan, Margaret. (1995). Making a virtue of necessity: Combining teaching and research in the study of New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 9:27-31.
15. Gordon, Elizabeth, & Maclagan, Margaret. (2001). "Capturing a sound change": A real time study over 15 years of the NEAR/SQUARE diphthong merger in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 21(2):215-238.
16. Gordon, Elizabeth, Maclagan, Margaret, & Hay, Jennifer. (forthcoming . The ONZE Corpus. In J.C. Beal, K.P. Corrigan, and H. Moisl (eds.), Models and methods in the handling of unconventional digital corpora: Volume 2, Diachronic corpora. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave-Macmillan.
17. Gordon, M. J. (2002). Investigating chain shifts and mergers. In J.K. Chambers, P. Trudgill, & N. Schilling-Estes (eds.), Handbook of language variation and change. Malden, MA: Blackwell. 244-266.
18. Gregersen, Frans, & Pedersen, Ilse. (1991). The Copenhagen study in urban sociolinguistics. Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzels Forlag.
19. Habick, Timothy. (1980). Sound change in Farmer city: A sociolinguistic study based on acoustic data. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
20. Jones, Daniel. (1950). The phoneme: Its nature and use. Cambridge: Hefner.
21. Klatt, Dennis. (1976). Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English: Acoustic and perceptual evidence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 59:1209-1221.
22. Labov, William. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
23. Labov, William. (1990). The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change 52:205-251.
24. Labov, William. (1994). Principles of linguistic change: Vol. 1, Internal factors. Oxford, Blackwell.
25. Labov, William. (2001). Principles of linguistic change: Vol. 2, Social factors. Oxford, Blackwell.
26. Labov, William, & Baranowski, Maciej. (forthcoming). 50 msec. Language Variation and Change 18.
27. Langstrof, Christian. (2003). The short front vowels in New Zealand English in the intermediate period. New Zealand English Journal 17:4-16.
28. Langstrof, Christian. (2004a). Acoustic evidence of rapid vowel shifting in the intermediate period of New Zealand English. Paper presented at the Language and Society Conference, Palmerston North, New Zealand, September, 2004.
29. Langstrof, Christian. (2004b). How to save Labov from New Zealand English: How short are short front vowels? Presentation given at the University of Canterbury, September, 2004.
30. Langstrof, Christian. (2006a). Acoustic evidence for a push-chain shift in the intermediate period of New Zealand English. Language Variation and Change 18:141-164.
31. Langstrof, Christian. (2006b). Vowel Change in New Zealand English - Patterns and Implications. Doctoral dissertation, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
32. Lass, Roger. (1976). English Phonology and Phonological Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33. Luce, P., & Charles-Luce, J. (1985). Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78:1949-1957.
34. Maclagan, Margaret. (1982). An acoustic study of New Zealand vowels. The New Zealand Speech-Therapists' Journal 37:20-26.
35. Maclagan, Margaret. (1998). Dipluthongization of/e/ in NZE: A change that went nowhere? New Zealand English Journal 12:43-54.
36. Maclagan, Margaret. (2000a). How long have women been leading language change. In J. Holmes (ed.), Gendered speech in social context: Perspectives from gown and town, Wellington: Victoria University Press. 87-98.
37. Maclagan, Margaret. (2000b). What does acoustic analysis say about the NEAR/SQUARE merger in NZE? Seventh New Zealand Language and Society conference. Auckland.
38. Maclagan, Margaret, & Gordon, Elizabeth. (1996). Out of the AIR and into the EAR: Another view of the New Zealand diphthong merger. Language Variation and Change 8:125-147.
39. Maclagan, Margaret. (1999). Data for New Zealand social dialectology: The Canterbury Corpus. New Zealand English Journal 13:50-58.
40. Maclagan, Margaret, Gordon, Elizabeth, & Lewis, Gillian. (1999). Women and sound change: Conservative and innovative behavior by the same speakers. Language Variation and Change 11:19-41.
41. McKenzie, Jayne. (2005). But he's not supposed to see me in my weeding dress! The relationship between DRESS and FLEECE in modern New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 19:13-25.
42. Milroy, L. (1987). Observing and analysing natural language. Oxford: Blackwell.
43. Peterson, Gordon, & Lehiste, Ilse. (1960). Duration of syllable nuclei in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 32:693-703.
44. Raphael, Lawrence J. (1971). Preceding vowel duration as a cue to the perception of the voicing characteristics of word-final consonants in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 51:1296-1303.
45. Trudgill, Peter. (1974). The social differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. Trudgill, Peter, Gordon, Elizabeth, & Lewis, Gillian. (1998). New dialect formation and Southern Hemisphere English: The New Zealand short front vowels, Journal of Sociolinguistics 2:35-51.
47. Turner, G. W. (1966). The English Language in Australia and New Zealand. London: Longmans.
48. Watson, Catherine, Harrington, Jonathan, & Evans, Zoe. (1998). An acoustic comparison between New Zealand and Australian English vowels. Australian Journal of Linguistics 18:185-207.
49. Watson, Catherine, Maclagan, Margaret, & Harrington, Jonathan. (2000 . Acoustic evidence for vowel change in New Zealand English. Language Variation and Change 12:51-68.
50. Wells, J. C. (1962). A study ofthe formants of the pure vowels of British English. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.A., University of London.
51. Wells, J.C. (1982). Accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.