Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury: Making the Diagnosis in the Emergency Department

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 138-142

  Bechtel, Kirsten ^a   Berger, Rachel ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

child protective services; inflicted traumatic brain injury; metaphyseal fractures; noninflicted traumatic brain injury; retinal hemorrhage; rib fractures; subdural hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

AMYLASE; CREATINE KINASE; ELECTROLYTE; PROTHROMBIN; THROMBOPLASTIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE;

ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD CARE; CHILD SAFETY; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EMERGENCY WARD; HUMAN; IRRITABILITY; LABORATORY TEST; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; MORBIDITY; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM EXAMINATION; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROTHROMBIN TIME; RETINA HEMORRHAGE; RIB FRACTURE; SKIN EXAMINATION; SKULL FRACTURE; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; SYMPTOM; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; URINALYSIS; VISUAL SYSTEM EXAMINATION; VOMITING;

EID: 33750626687     PISSN: 15228401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2006.05.002     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. DiScala C., Osberg J., and Savage R. Children hospitalized for traumatic brain injury: transition to postacute care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 12 (1997) 1-10
2. Overpeck M.D., Brenner R.A., Trumble A.C., et al. Risk factors for infant homicide in the United States. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 1211-1216
3. Keenan H.T., Runyan D.K., Marshall S.W., et al. A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. JAMA 290 (2003) 621-626
4. Reece R.M., and Sege R. Childhood head injuries: accidental or inflicted?. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154 (2000) 11-15
5. DiScala C., Sege R., Li G., et al. Child abuse and unintentional injuries: a 10-year retrospective. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154 (2000) 16-22
6. Ewing-Cobbs L., Kramer L., Prasad M., et al. Neuroimaging, physical, and developmental findings after inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. Pediatrics 102 (1998) 300-307
7. Ewing-Cobbs L., Prasad M., Kramer L., et al. Inflicted traumatic brain injury: relationship of developmental outcome to severity of injury. Pediatr Neurosurg 31 (1999) 251-258
8. Makaroff K.L., and Putnam F.W. Outcomes of infants and children with inflicted traumatic brain injury. Dev Med Child Neurol 45 (2003) 497-502
9. Keenan H.T., Runyan D.K., and Nocera M. Longitudinal follow-up of families and young children with traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics 117 (2006) 1291-1297
10. Beers S., Berger R., Skold A., et al. Neurocognitive outcome and relationship to serum markers in infants and young children following inflicted vs. noninflicted traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Res 55 (2004) 70
11. Duhaime A.C., Alario A.J., Lewander W.J., et al. Head injury in very young children: mechanisms, injury types, and ophthalmologic findings in 100 hospitalized patients younger than 2 years of age. Pediatrics 90 (1992) 179-185
12. Jenny C., Hymel K.P., Ritzen A., et al. Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma. JAMA 281 (1999) 621-626
13. O'Neill Jr. J.A., Meacham W.F., Griffin J.P., et al. Patterns of injury in the battered child syndrome. J Trauma 13 (1973) 332-339
14. Ettaro L., Berger R., and Songer T. Abusive head trauma in young children: characteristics and medical charges in a hospitalized population. Child Abuse Negl 28 (2004) 1099-1111
15. Helfer R.E., Slovis T.L., and Black M. Injuries resulting when small children fall out of bed. Pediatrics 60 (1977) 533-535
16. Joffe M., and Ludwig S. Stairway injuries in children. Pediatrics 82 (1988) 457-461
17. Hymel K., and Hall C. Diagnosing pediatric head trauma. Pediatr Ann 34 (2005) 358-370
18. Dietrich A.M., Bowman M.J., Ginn-Pease M.E., et al. Pediatric head injuries: can clinical factors reliably predict an abnormality on computed tomography?. Ann Emerg Med 22 (1993) 1535-1540
19. Quayle K.S., Jaffe D.M., Kuppermann N., et al. Diagnostic testing for acute head injury in children: when are head computed tomography and skull radiographs indicated?. Pediatrics 99 (1997) e11
20. Greenes D.S., and Schutzman S.A. Occult intracranial injury in infants. Ann Emerg Med 32 (1998) 680-686
21. Gruskin K.D., and Schutzman S.A. Head trauma in children younger than 2 years: are there predictors for complications?. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153 (1999) 15-20
22. Rubin D.M., Christian C.W., Bilaniuk L.T., et al. Occult head injury in high-risk abused children. Pediatrics 111 (2003) 1382-1386
23. Laskey A.L., Holsti M., Runyan D.K., et al. Occult head trauma in young suspected victims of physical abuse. J Pediatr 144 (2004) 719-722
24. Arbogast K.B., Margulies S.S., and Christian C.W. Initial neurologic presentation in young children sustaining inflicted and unintentional fatal head injuries. Pediatrics 116 (2005) 180-184
25. Morris M.W., Smith S., Cressman J., et al. Evaluation of infants with subdural hematoma who lack external evidence of abuse. Pediatrics 105 (2000) 549-553
26. Haviland J., and Russell R.I. Outcome after severe non-accidental head injury. Arch Dis Child 77 (1997) 504-507
27. Barnes P.D., and Robson C.D. CT findings in hyperacute nonaccidental brain injury. Pediatr Radiol 30 (2000) 74-81
28. Feldman K. Evaluation of physical abuse. In: Helfer M.E. (Ed). The battered child. 5th ed (1997), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 175-220
29. Duhaime A.C., Christian C.W., Rorke L.B., et al. Nonaccidental head injury in infants-the "shaken-baby syndrome". N Engl J Med 338 (1998) 1822-1829
30. Annable W.L. Ocular manifestations of child abuse (1994), Lea and Febinger, Malvern (Pa)
31. Bechtel K., Stoessel K., Leventhal J.M., et al. Characteristics that distinguish accidental from abusive injury in hospitalized young children with head trauma. Pediatrics 114 (2004) 165-168
32. Morad Y., Kim Y.M., Mian M., et al. Nonophthalmologist accuracy in diagnosing retinal hemorrhages in the shaken baby syndrome. J Pediatr 142 (2003) 431-434
33. Odom A., Christ E., Kerr N., et al. Prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in pediatric patients after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective study. Pediatrics 99 (1997) e3
34. Emerson M.V., Pieramici D.J., Stoessel K.M., et al. Incidence and rate of disappearance of retinal hemorrhage in newborns. Ophthalmology 108 (2001) 36-39
35. Schloff S., Mullaney P.B., Armstrong D.C., et al. Retinal findings in children with intracranial hemorrhage. Ophthalmology 109 (2002) 1472-1476
36. Christian C.W., Taylor A.A., Hertle R.W., et al. Retinal hemorrhages caused by accidental household trauma. J Pediatr 135 (1999) 125-127
37. Smith W.L. Imaging in child abuse. In: Helfer M.E. (Ed). The battered child (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 221-247
38. Hymel K.P., Abshire T.C., Luckey D.W., et al. Coagulopathy in pediatric abusive head trauma. Pediatrics 99 (1997) 371-375