The manual wheelchair wheelie: A review of our current understanding of an important motor skill

Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology

Volumn 1, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 119-127

  Kirby, R Lee ^a   Smith, Cher ^b   Seaman, Roxanne ^c   MacLeod, Donald A ^b   Parker, Kim ^b  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b QUEEN ELIZABETH II HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

^c ACADIA UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

motor skill; Rehabilitation; wheelchair

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMAN; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; REVIEW; WHEELCHAIR;

BIOMECHANICS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT SAFETY; HUMANS; MOTOR SKILLS; POSTURE; WHEELCHAIRS;

EID: 33750612413     PISSN: 17483107     EISSN: 17483115     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09638280500167605     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Pellow TR. A comparison of interface pressure readings to wheelchair cushions and positioning; a pilot study. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 1999;66:140-9. (Pubitemid 29309527)
2. Kirby RL, Fahie CL, Smith C, Chester EL, MacLeod DA. Neck discomfort of wheelchair users: effect of neck position. Disability & Rehabilitation 2004;26:9-15. (Pubitemid 38159830)
3. Kirby RL, Atkinson SM, MacKay EA. Static and dynamic forward stability of occupied wheelchairs: Influence of elevating footrests and forward stabilizers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989;70:681-686. (Pubitemid 19226295)
4. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva. 2001.
5. Koshi EB, Kirby RL, MacLeod DA, Kozey J. Wheelchair wheelies: using potentiometers to measure the rear-wheel displacement and pitch angle. Book of Abstracts of the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Canadian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Charlottetown, PEI, June 16-19, 2004, p 11.
6. Bonaparte JP, Kirby RL, MacLeod DA. Proactive balance strategy while maintaining a stationary wheelie. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001;82: 475-9. (Pubitemid 32289710)
7. Kauzlarich JJ, Thacker JG. A theory of wheelchair wheelie performance. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 1987;24:67-80. (Pubitemid 17117866)
8. Po-Chow L, Jyh-Jong C, Chien-Chin C, Fong-Chin S. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of wheelie activity. Proceedings of the 4th Annual World Congress of Biomechanics: 2002, August 4-9, 2002, Calgary, Canada.
9. Li RM, Kirby RL, Koshi EB, Rose CL, MacLeod DA. Hand position during the take-off and balance phases of a stationary wheelchair wheelie: a pilot study. Proceedings of the National Spinal Cord Rehab Conference, September 17-18, 2004, Toronto. p 186.
10. Kauzlarich JJ, Collins TJ. Performing a wheelchair wheelie balance. In: International Series on Biomechanics, Biomechanics XI-A. Editors: de Groot G, Hollander AP, Huijing PA, van Ingen Schenau GJ, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Free University Press, Amsterdam, 1988; pp 507-12.
11. Koontz AM, Tharakeshwarappa N, Boninger ML, Cooper RA. Corrective actions necessary for maintaining a wheelchair wheelie. Proceedings of the RESNA 27th International Annual Conference, June 18-22, 2004, Orlando, FL.
12. Horak F, Nasher L. Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support surface configurations. J Neurophysiol 1986;55:1369-81. (Pubitemid 16068472)
13. Axelson P, Chesney DY, Minkel J, Perr A. Section 1.9 Wheelies. In: The Manual Wheelchair Training Guide. PAX Press, Santa Cruz CA, 1998; pp 30-4.
14. Somers MF. Chapter 13. Wheelchair skills. In: Spinal Cord Injury: Functional Rehabilitation. Appelton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, 1992; pp 175-230.
15. O'Daniel B, Krapfl BJ. Chapter 4. Spinal cord injury. In: Payton OD (Ed) Manual of Physical Therapy. Churchill Livingstone, New York. 1989; pp 69-172.
16. Bromley I. Chapter 10. Wheelchairs and wheelchair management. In: Tetraplegia and paraplegia: a guide for physiotherapists (fifth edition). Churchill and Livingstone, New York. 1998; pp 89-108.
17. Atrice MB, Gonter M, Griffin DA, Morrison SA, McDowell SL. Chapter 16: Traumatic spinal cord injury. In: Umphred DA (Ed). Neurological Rehabilitation (third Edition). St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, Inc, 1995; pp 484-532.
18. Kirby RL, Swuste J, Dupuis DJ, MacLeod DA, Monroe R. Wheelchair Skills Test: pilot study of a new outcome measure. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002; 83:10-18. (Pubitemid 34052134)
19. Kirby RL, Dupuis DJ, MacPhee AH, Coolen AL, Smith C, Best KL, Newton AM, Mountain AD, MacLeod DA, Bonaparte JP. The Wheelchair Skills Test (version 2.4): measurement properties. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85:794-804. (Pubitemid 38857917)
20. Mountain AD, Kirby RL, Smith C. The Wheelchair Skills Test: validity of an algorithm-based questionnaire version. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85:416-23. (Pubitemid 38879369)
21. Wheelchair Skills Program Manual. www.wheelchairskills program.ca.
22. Coolen AL, Kirby RL, Landry J, MacPhee AH, Dupuis D, Smith C, Best KL, MacKenzie DE, MacLeod DA. Wheelchair skills training program for clinicians: a randomized controlled trial with occupational therapy students. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85:1160-7. (Pubitemid 38962378)
23. MacPhee AH, Kirby RL, Coolen AL, Smith C, MacLeod DA, Dupuis DJ. Wheelchair skills training program: a randomized clinical trial on wheelchair users undergoing initial rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85:41-50. (Pubitemid 38049589)
24. Best KL, Kirby RL, Smith C, MacLeod DA. Wheelchair skills training for community-based manual wheelchair users: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (in press).
25. Kirby RL, Mifflen NJ, Thibault DL, Smith C, Best KL, Thompson KJ, MacLeod DA. The wheelchair-handling skills of caregivers and the effect of training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85:2011-9. (Pubitemid 39593530)
26. Bonaparte JP, Kirby RL, MacLeod DA. Learning to perform wheelchair wheelies: comparison of 2 training strategies. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004; 85:785-93. (Pubitemid 38857916)
27. McInnes MDF, Kirby RL, MacLeod DA. The contribution of vision to wheelie balance. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000;81:1081-4. (Pubitemid 30618666)
28. Kirby RL, Sampson MT, Thoren FAV, MacLeod DA. Wheelchair stability: effect of body position. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 1995;32:367-72. (Pubitemid 26023649)
29. Kirby RL. Wheelchair stability: important, measurable and modifiable. Technology and Disability 1996;5:75-80. (Pubitemid 26164519)
30. Kirby RL, Dupuis DJ. Clinical measurement of the static rear stability of occupied wheelchairs. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999;80:199-205. (Pubitemid 29098414)
31. Loane TD, Kirby RL. Static rear stability of conventional and lightweight variable-axle-position wheelchairs. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1985;66:174-176. (Pubitemid 15138384)
32. Kirby RL, Ashton BD, Ackroyd-Stolarz SA, MacLeod DA. Adding loads to occupied wheelchairs: effect on static rear and forward stability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996;77:183-6. (Pubitemid 26050687)
33. Majaess GG, Kirby RL, Ackroyd-Stolarz S. Effect of seat position on the static and dynamic rear and forward stability of occupied wheelchairs. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1993;74:977-982. (Pubitemid 23275110)
34. Trudel G, Kirby RL, Ackroyd-Stolarz SA, Kirkland S. Effects of rear-wheel camber on wheelchair stability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997;78:78-81. (Pubitemid 27034249)
35. Kirby RL, Thoren F, Ashton B, Ackroyd-Stolarz SA. Effect of the position of rear antitippers on safety and maneuverability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994;75: 525-534.
36. Koshi EB, Kirby RL, MacLeod DA. Rolling resistance of terrains encountered by wheelchair users. Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Canadian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Edmonton AB, Canada, June 13, 2003; Abstract #03-04, p 4.
37. Brashers-Krug T, Shadmeht R, Bizzi, E. Consolidation in human motor memory. Nature, 1996;18,382(6588): 252-255. (Pubitemid 26251359)
38. Kirby RL, Lugar J, Breckenridge C. New wheelie aid for wheelchairs: controlled trial of safety and efficacy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001;82:380-90. (Pubitemid 32199571)
39. Bullard S, Miller S. Comparison of teaching methods to learn a tilt and balance wheelchair skill. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2001;93:131-8.
40. Kirby RL, DiPersio M, MacLeod DA. Wheelchair safety: effect of locking or grasping the rear wheels during a rear tip. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996;77: 1266-70. (Pubitemid 26424840)
41. Kirby RL, Lugar JA. Spotter strap for the prevention of wheelchair tipping. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999;80:1354-6. (Pubitemid 29474632)
42. Hinrichsen LC, Nordsron C, Law DF. Device to assist training in balancing on the rear wheels of a wheelchair. Phys Ther 1984;64:672-3. (Pubitemid 14145240)
43. Coffey HF. Drop-back dolly for a wheelchair. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1967;48:672-4.
44. Kirby RL. Anti-tip devices for wheeled conveyances including wheelchairs and method related thereto. US Patent #6,530,598, issued March 11, 2003.
45. Corkum CG, Kirby RL, Best KL, Smith C, MacLeod DA. Performance of advanced wheelchair skills: pilot study comparison between conventional rear anti-tip devices and a new design. Proceedings of the National Spinal Cord Rehab Conference, September 17-18, 2004, Toronto. p 192.
46. International Standards Organization (ISO). Requirements and test methods for pushrim activated power assisted wheelchairs (PAPAWs). ISO TC 173/SC 1 N 391, ISO NP draft 2003-05-03.
47. Best KL, Kirby RL, Smith C, MacLeod DA. Comparison between performance with a pushrim-activated power-assisted wheelchair and a manual wheelchair on the Wheelchair Skills Test. Disability & Rehabilitation (in press).
48. Cooper RA, Boninger ML, Cooper R, Dobson AR, Kessler J, Schmeler M, Fitzgerald SG. Use of the Independence 3000 IBOT transporter at home and in the community. Spinal Cord Medicine 2003;26:79-85. (Pubitemid 36834738)