Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid: An update on methodology and clinical usefulness

Journal of Neuroimmunology

Volumn 180, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 17-28

  Link, Hans ^a   Huang, Yu Min ^b  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

B cell response; Cerebrospinal fluid; Isoelectric focusing; Multiple sclerosis; Oligoclonal bands

Indexed keywords

BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; FENYRAMIDOL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; NATALIZUMAB; OLIGOCLONAL BAND;

AGAR GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; B LYMPHOCYTE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG SAFETY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMMUNOBLOTTING; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SPINAL CORD; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; AUTOANTIBODIES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PROTEINS; HUMANS; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OLIGOCLONAL BANDS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS;

EID: 33750604563     PISSN: 01655728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.07.006     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Amato M.P., Ponziani G., Bartolozzi M.L., and Siracusa G. A prospective study on the natural history of multiple sclerosis: clues to the conduct and interpretation of clinical trials. J. Neurol. Sci. 168 (1999) 96-106
2. Andersson M., Alvarez-Cermeno J., Bernardi G., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus report. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 57 (1994) 897-902
3. Annunziatan P., Giorgio A., De Santi L., et al. Absence of cerebrospinal fluid bands is associated with delayed disability progression in relapsing-remitting MS patients treated with interferon-beta. J. Neurol. Sci 244 (2006) 97-102
4. Bednarova J., Stourac P., and Adam P. Relevance of immunological variables in neuroborreliosis and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 112 (2005) 97-102
5. Bourahoui A., de Seze J., Guttierez R., et al. CSF isoelectrofocusing in a large cohort of MS and other neurological diseases. Eur. J. Neurol. 11 (2004) 525-529
6. Brandao C.O., Ruocco H.H., et al. Cytokines and intrathecal synthesis in MS patients during clinical remission. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 63 (2005) 914-919
7. Caudie C., Birouk A.M., Bancel J., et al. Cytoimmunological profile of CSF in diagnosis of MS. Pathol. Biol. 53 (2005) 68-74
8. Chaudhuri A. Lessons for clinical trials from natalizumab in multiple sclerosis. Br. Med. J. 332 (2006) 416-419
9. Correale J., and Molinas M. Oligoclonal bands and antibody responses in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 249 (2002) 375-389
10. Davies G., Keir G., Thompson E.J., and Giovannoni G. The clinical significance of an intrathecal monoclonal immunoglobulin band. Neurology 60 (2003) 1163-1166
11. Delmotte P., and Gonsette R. Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis: IV. Isoelectric focusing of the CSF gamma globulins in multiple sclerosis (262 cases) and other neurological diseases (272 cases). J. Neurol. 215 (1977) 27-37
12. Dujmovic I., Mesaros S., Pekmezovic T., et al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: clinical and paraclinical characteristics with application of the new diagnostic criteria. Eur. J. Neurol. 11 (2004) 439-444
13. Ebers G., and Paty D.W. CSF electrophoresis in one thousand patients. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 7 (1980) 275-280
14. Falip M., Tintore M., Jardi R., et al. Clinical usefulness of oligoclonal bands. Rev. Neurol. 32 (2001) 1120-1124
15. Farrell M.A., Kaufmann J.C., Gilbert J.J., Noseworthy J.H., et al. Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis: clinical-pathologic correlation. Neurology 35 (1985) 212-218
16. Fortini A.S., Sanders E.L., Weinshenker B.G., and Katzmann J.A. Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Isoelectric focusing with IgG immunoblotting compared with high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis and cerebrospinal fluid IgG index. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 120 (2003) 672-675
17. Freedman M.S., Thompson E.J., Deisenhammer F., et al. Recommended standard of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 62 (2005) 865-870
18. Fryden A., Link H., and Norrby E. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulins and antibody titers in mumps meningitis and aseptic meningitis of other etiology. Infect. Immun. 21 (1978) 852-861
19. Johnson K.P., and Nelson B.J. Multiple sclerosis: diagnostic usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid. Ann. Neurol. 2 (1977) 425-431
20. Kabat E.M., Moore D.H., and Landow H. An electrophoretic study of the protein components in cerebrospinal fluid and their relationship to the serum proteins. J. Clin. Invest. 21 (1942) 571-577
21. Katzenelbogen S. The Cerebrospinal Fluid and its Relation to the Blood (1935), Johns Hopkins Press
22. Keren D.F. Optimizing detection of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid by use of isoelectric focusing with IgG immunoblotting. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 120 (2003) 649-651
23. Kikuchi S., Fukazawa T., Niino M., et al. HLA-related subpopulations of MS in Japanese with and without oligoclonal IgG bands. Neurology 60 (2003) 647-651
24. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B.K., and Tyler K.L. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (2005) 369-374
25. Kostulas V. Oligoclonal IgG bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol. Scand. 72 Suppl. 103 (1985) 1-112
26. Kostulas V., Link H., and Lefvert A.K. Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid. Principles for demonstration and interpretation based on findings in 1114 neurological patients. Arch. Neurol. 44 (1987) 1041-1044
27. Kyle R.A., Therneau T.M., Rajkumar S.V., et al. Long-term follow-up of 241 patients with MGUS: the original Mayo Clinics series 25 years later. Mayo Clin. Proc. 79 (2004) 859-866
28. Kyle R.A., Therneau T.M., Rajkumar S.V., et al. Prevalence of MGUS. N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (2006) 1362-1369
29. Langer-Gould A., Atlas S.W., Green A.J., et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab. N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (2005) 375-381
30. Laterre E.C., Callewaert A., Heremans J.F., and Sfaello Z. Electrophoretic morphology of gamma globulins in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and other diseases of the nervous system. Neurology 20 (1970) 982-990
31. Lefvert A.K., and Link H. IgG production within the central nervous system: a critical review of proposed formulae. Ann. Neurol. 17 (1985) 13-20
32. Link H. Immunoglobulin G and low molecular weight proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol. Scand. 43 suppl 28 (1967) 1-136
33. Link H. Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G in multiple sclerosis brains. J. Neurol. Sci. 16 (1972) 103-114
34. Link H. Comparison of electrophoresis on agar gel and agarose gel in the evaluation of gamma globulin abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in multiple sclerosis. Clin. Chim. Acta 46 (1973) 383-389
35. Link H., and Kostulas V. Utility of isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum on agarose evaluated for neurological patients. Clin. Chem. 29 (1983) 810-815
36. Link H., and Muller R. Immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis and infections of the nervous system. Arch. Neurol. 25 (1971) 326-344
37. Lunding J., Midgard R., and Vedeler C.A. Oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid: a comparative study of isoelectric focusing, agarose electrophoresis and IgG index. Acta Neurol. Scand. 102 (2000) 322-325
38. McDonald W.I., Compson E., Goodkin D., Hartung H.P., Lublin F.D., et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 50 (2001) 121-127
39. McLean B.N., Luxton R.W., and Thompson E.J. A study of IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1007 patients with suspected neurological disease using isoelectric focusing and the Log IgG-Index. A comparison and diagnostic applications. Brain 113 (1990) 1269-1289
40. Nakashima I., Fujihara K., Sato S., and Itoyama Y. Oligoclonal IgG bands in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. A comparative study between isoelectric focusing with IgG immunofixation and high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis. J. Neuroimmunol. 159 (2005) 133-136
41. Olsson J.E., and Link H. Immunoglobulin abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Relation to clinical parameters: exacerbations and remissions. Arch. Neurol. 28 (1973) 392-399
42. Olsson T., Kostulas V., and Link H. Improved detection of oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospional fluid by isoelectric focusing in agarose, double-antibody peroxidase labeling, and avidin-biotin amplification. Clin. Chem. 30 (1984) 1246-1249
43. Pohl D., Rostasy K., Reiber G., and Hanefeld F. CSF characteristics in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Neurology 63 (2004) 1966-1967
44. Polman C.H., Reingold S.C., Edan G., et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann. Neurol. 58 (2005) 840-846
45. Rentzos M., Michalopoulou M., Gotosidis K., et al. Unusual association of multiple sclerosis with MGUS: two case reports. Funct. Neurology 19 (2004) 253-256
46. Rot U., and Mesec A. Clinical, MRI, CSF and electrophysiological findings in different stages of multiple sclerosis. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 108 (2006) 271-274
47. Rudick R.A., Cookfair D.L., Simonian N.A., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in a phase III trial of Avonex (IFN beta-1a) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 93 (1999) 8-14
48. Sa M.J., Sequeira L., Rio M.E., and Thompson E.J. Oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF of Portuguese patients with MS. Arq. Neuro-psiquiatr. 63 (2005) 375-379
49. Sellebjerg F., and Christiansen M. Qualitative assessment of intrathecal IgG synthesis by isoelectric focusing and immunodetection: interlaboratory reproducibility and interobserver agreement. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 56 (1996) 135-143
50. Siritho S., and Prayoonwiwat N. A retrospective study of multiple sclerosis in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Neurology Asia 11 (2006) 55-61
51. Sindic C.J.M., Van Antwerpen M.P., and Goffette S. The intrathecal humoral immune response: laboratory analysis and clinical relevance. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 39 (2001) 333-340
52. Stendahl-Brodin L., and Link H. Relation between benign course of multiple sclerosis and low-grade humoral immune response. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 43 (1980) 102-105
53. Trotter J.L., and Brooks B.R. Pathophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins. In: Wood J.H. (Ed). Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid vol. 1 (1980), Plenum Press, New York 465-486
54. Verbeek M.M., de Reus H.P.M., and Weykamp C.W. Comparison of methods for the detection of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum: results of the Dutch quality control survey. Clin. Chem. 48 (2002) 1578
55. Walker R.W.H., Keir G., Johnson M.H., and Thompson E.J. A rapid method for detecting oligoclonal IgG in unconcentrated CSF by agarose isoelectric focusing, transfer to cellulose nitrate and immunoperoxidase staining. J. Neuroimmunol. 4 (1983) 141-148
56. Wolinski J.S., and the PROMiSe Study Group. The diagnosis of primary progressive MS. J. Neurol. Sci. 206 (2003) 145-152
57. Yahr M.D., Goldensohn S.S., and Kabat E.A. Further studies on gammaglobulin content of cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 68 (1954) 613
58. Zeman A.Z.J., Kidd D., McLean B.N., et al. A study of oligoclonal band negative multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 60 (1996) 27-30