Fundamental limitations of small antennas: Validation of wheeler's formulas

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 28-36

  Lopez, Alfred R ^a  

^a BAE SYSTEMS   (United States)

Author keywords

Antenna measurements; Antenna theory; Q factor; Small antennas; Wheeler formulas

Indexed keywords

ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS; ANTENNA THEORY; SMALL ANTENNAS; WHEELER FORMULAS;

CODES (SYMBOLS); Q FACTOR MEASUREMENT; THEORY;

ANTENNA RADIATION;

EID: 33750584534     PISSN: 10459243     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2006.1715228     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. H. A. Wheeler, "Fundamental Limitations of Small Antennas," Proc. IRE, 35, December 1947, pp. 1479-1484.
2. L. J. Chu, "Physical Limitations of Omni-Directional Antennas," J. Appl. Phys., 19, December 1948, pp. 1163-1175.
3. H. A. Wheeler, "Fundamental Limitations of a Small VLF Antenna for Submarines," IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-6, January 1958, pp. 123-125.
4. H. A. Wheeler, "Fundamental Relations in the Design of a VLF Transmitting Antenna," IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-6, January 1958, pp. 120-122.
5. H. A. Wheeler, "The Radian Sphere Around a Small Antenna," Proc. IRE, 47, August 1959, pp. 1325-1331.
6. H. A. Wheeler,"'The Spherical Coil as an Inductor, Shield or Antenna," Proc. IRE, 46, September 1958, pp. 1595-1602
7. "Correction," 48, March 1960, p. 328.
8. K A. Wheeler, "Small Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-23, July 1975, pp, 462-469.
9. H. A. Wheeler, "Small Antennas," in R. C. Johnson (ed.), Antenna Engineering Handbook 3rd Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1993, Chapter 6.
10. H. A Wheeler, "Antenna Topics in My Experience," IEEE 'transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-33, February 1986, pp. 144-151.
11. H. A. Wheeler, "Trade-off Study for a Disc-Loaded Monopole," Hazeltine Memorandum 693-83-RLS209, July, 1993.
12. R. F. Harrington, "Effect of Antenna Size on Gain, Bandwidth and Efficiency," J Res. Nad. Bur. Stand, 64-D, January/February 1960, pp. 1-12.
13. R. E. Collin, S. Rothschild, "Evaluation of antenna Q," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-12, January 1964, pp. 23-27.
14. R. L, Fante, "Quality Factor of General Ideal Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-17, March 1969, pp. 151-155.
15. R. C. Hansen, "Fundamental Limitations in Antennas," Proc, IEEE, 69, February 1981, pp. 170-182.
16. K. Fujimoto et al., Small Antennas, New York, Wiley, 1987, pp. 5-9.
17. J. S. McLeari, "A Re-examination of the Fundamental Limits on the Radiation Q of Electrically Small Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 44, May 1996, pp. 672-675.
18. G. A. Thiele, P. L. Detweiler, and R. P. Penno, "On the Lower Bound of the Radiation Q for Electrically Small Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 51, June 2003, pp. 1263-1269.
19. IEEE, IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, New York, IEEE Press, December 2000.
20. S, R. Best, "Low Q Electrically Small Linear and Elliptical Polarized Spherical Dipole Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 53, March 2005, pp, 1047-1053.
21. B. M. Kolundzija, F. S. Ognjanovic, and T. K. Sarkar, WIPL-D Electromagnetic Modeling of Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures, Norwood, MA, Artech House, 2000.
22. http://www.wipl-d.com, "WIPL-D Pro, 3D Electromagnetic Solver, Professional Edition."
23. H. Jasik, Antenna Engineering Handbook, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1961, p. 2-48.