Incidence and prevention of ischemic stroke following myocardial infarction: Review of current literature

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 22, Issue 5-6, 2006, Pages 331-339

  Dutta, Monisha ^a   Hanna, Elias ^a   Das, Pranab ^b   Steinhubl, Steven R ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti platelet therapy; Myocardial infarction; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HEPARIN; PLACEBO; STREPTOKINASE; WARFARIN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; BLEEDING; BRAIN CIRCULATION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY STENT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART ATRIUM FLUTTER; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEPARINIZATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFLAMMATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MORTALITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANGIOPLASTY, TRANSLUMINAL, PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY; ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 33750577025     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000094847     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Silver LE, et al: Population-based study of event-rate, incidence, case fatality, and mortality for all acute vascular events in all arterial territories. Lancet 2005;366:1773-1783.
2. Tanne D, Gottlieb S, Hod H, et al: For the Secondary Prevention Reinfarction Israeli Nifedipine Trial (SPRINT) and Israeli Thrombolytic Survey Groups. Incidence and mortality from early stroke associated myocardial infarction in the prethrombolytic and thrombolytic era. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1484-1490.
3. Cronin L, Mehta SR, Zhao F, et al: Stroke in relation to cardiac procedures in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. A study involving >18,000 patients. Circulation 2001;104:269-274.
4. Mooe T, Olofsson BO, Stegmayr B: Ischemic stroke: impact of a recent myocardial infarction. Stroke 1999;30:997-1001.
5. Witt BJ, Brown RD, Jacobson SJ, et al: A community-based study of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:785-792.
6. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2005 update: American Heart Association. Available at www.americanheart.org
7. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' Collaborative Group: Overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 1994;343:311-322.
8. Becker RC, Burns M, Gore JM, et al: Early assessment and in-hospital management of patients with acute myocardial infarction at increased risk for adverse outcome: a nationwide perspective of current clinical practice. Am Heart J 1998;135:786-796.
9. Wienbergen H, Schiele R, Gitt AK, et al: Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome of stroke after acute myocardial infarction in clinical practice. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:782-785.
10. Kassem-Moussa H, Mahaffey KW, Graffagnino C, et al: Incidence and characteristics of stroke during 90-day follow-up in patients stabilized after an acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2004;148:439-446.
11. Lichtman JH, Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Radford M, Brass LM: Risks and predictors of stroke after myocardial infarction among the elderly. Results from the co-operative cardiovascular project. Circulation 2002; 105:1082-1087.
12. Mooe T, Eriksson P, Stegmayr B: Ischemic stroke after acute myocardial infarction: a population-based study. Stroke 1997;28: 762-767.
13. Crenshaw BS, Ward SR, Granger CB, et al: Atrial fibrillation in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-1 experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:406-413.
14. Mahaffey KW, Granger CB, Sloan MA, et al: Risk factors for in-hospital nonhemorrhagic stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Results from GUSTO-1. Circulation 1998;97:757-764.
15. Vaitkus PT, Barnathan ES: Embolic potential, prevention, and management of mural thrombus complicating anterior myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:1004-1009.
16. Bodenheimer MM, Sauer D, Shareef B, et al: Relation between myocardial infarct location and stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24: 61-66.
17. Loh E, St John Sutton M, Wun CC, et al: Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336:251-257.
18. Greaves SC, Zhi G, Lee RT, et al: Incidence and natural history of left ventricular thrombus following anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:442-448.
19. Motro M, Barbash GI, Hod H, et al: Incidence of left ventricular thrombi formation after thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, heparin, and aspirin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1991;122:23-26.
20. Merlini PA, Bauer KA, Oltrona L, et al: Persistent activation of coagulation mechanism in unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994;90:61-68.
21. Buffon A, Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, et al: Widespread coronary inflammation in unstable angina. N Engl J Med 2002;347:5-12.
22. Mauriello A, Sangiorgi G, Fratoni S, et al: Diffuse and active inflammation occurs in both vulnerable and stable plaques of the entire coronary tree: a histopathologic study of patients dying of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1585-1593.
23. Neumann FJ, Ott I, Gawaz M, et al: Cardiac release of cytokines and inflammatory response in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;92:748-755.
24. Lombardo A, Biasucci LM, Lanza GA, et al: Inflammation as a possible link between coronary and carotid plaque instability. Circulation 2004;109:3158-3163.
25. Yusuf S, Flather M, Pogue J, et al: Variations between countries in invasive cardiac procedures and outcomes in patients with suspected unstable angina or myocardial infarction without initial ST elevation. OASIS Registry investigators. Lancet 1998;352:507-514.
26. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL: Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomized trials. Lancet 2003;361:13-20.
27. Szummer KE, Solomon SD, Velazquez EJ, et al: Heart failure on admission and the risk of stroke following acute myocardial infarction: the VALIANT registry. Eu Heart J 2005;26:2114-2119.
28. Andersen HR, Nielsen TT, Rasmussen K, et al: A comparison of coronary angioplasty with fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:733-742.
29. Pfeiffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al: Valsartan, Captopril or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction or both. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1893-1906.
30. ISIS-2 collaborative group: Randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12(suppl 6):3A-13A.
31. CAPRIE Steering Committee: A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Lancet 1996;348:1329-1339.
32. The CURE Investigators: Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502.
33. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al: Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST elevation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352: 1179-1189.
34. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al: Effect of clopidogrel pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics: the PCI-CLARITY study. JAMA 2005;294:1224-1232.
35. COMMIT collaborative group: Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Randomized placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366: 1607-1621.
36. Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS: Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin. Am J Med 1998;105: 91-99.
37. Theroux P, Waters D, Lam J, et al: Reactivation of unstable angina after the discontinuation of heparin. N Engl J Med 1992;372:141-145.
38. Van ES RF, Jonker JJC, Verheught FWA, et al: Aspirin and coumadin after acute coronary syndromes: a randomized, controlled trial, Lancet 2002;360:109-113.
39. Hurlen M, Abdelnoor M, Smith P, Erikssen J, Arnesen H: Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction, N Engl J Med 2002; 347:969-974.
40. CARS Investigators: Randomized double-blind trial of fixed low-dose warfarin with aspirin after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997;350:389-396.
41. Fiore LD, Ezekowitz MD, Brophy MT, et al: Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program clinical trial comparing combined warfarin and aspirin with aspirin alone in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: primary results of the CHAMP study. Circulation 2002;105:557-563.
42. Herlitz J, Holm J, Peterson M, et al: Factors associated with development of stroke long-term after myocardial infarction: experiences from the LoWASA trial. J Intern Med 2005;257:201-207.
43. Popma JJ, Ohman EM, Weitz J, et al: Antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Chest 2001:119(suppl 1):321S-336S.
44. Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, et al: A clinical trial comparing 3 antithrombotic drug regimens after coronary artery stenting. Stent Anticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1665-1671.
45. Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, et al: A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1084-1089.
46. Orford JL, Fasseas P, Melby S, et al: Safety and efficacy of aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin after coronary stent placement in patients with an indication for anticoagulation. Am Heart J 2004;147:463-467.
47. Mattichak SJ, Reed PS, Gallagher MJ, et al: Evaluation of safety of warfarin in combination with antiplatelet therapy for patients treated with coronary stents for acute myocardial infarction. J Interv Cardiol 2005;18: 163-166.
48. Buresly K, Eisenberg MJ, Zhang X, Pilote L: Bleeding complications associated with the combinations of aspirin, thienopyridine derivatives and warfarin in elderly patients following acute myocardial infarction. Arch intern Med 2005;165:784-789.
49. Berger PB, Bell MR: Safety and efficacy of ticlopidine for only 2 weeks after successful intracoronary stent placement. Circulation 1999;99:248-253.
50. Rathore SS, Berger AK, Weinfurt KP, et al: Acute myocardial infarction complicated by atrial fibrillation in the elderly: prevalence and outcomes. Circulation 2000;101:969-974.
51. Pedersen OD, Abildstrom SZ, Ottesen MM, et al: Increased risk of sudden and non-sudden cardiovascular death in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter following acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006;27: 290-295.
52. Pedersen OD, Bagger H, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C: The occurrence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation/flutter following acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study group. Eur Heart J 1999;20:748-754.
53. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:671-719.
54. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, et al: Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001;285:2864-2870.
55. DiMarco JP, Flaker G, Waldo AL, et al: Factors affecting bleeding risk during anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: Observations from the AFFIRM study. Am Heart J 2005;149:650-656.
56. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW, et al: ACC/ AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Circulation 2001;104:2118-2150.
57. Albers GW, Amarenco P, Easton JD, et al: Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: The seventh ACCP conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic therapy. Chest 2004;126:483S-512S.
58. Van De Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A, et al: Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2003;24:28-66.
59. Staurt JC: Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events-Warfarin arm (ACTIVE)-W trial. Late-breaking clinical trials; Presented at AHA meeting, Dallas, 2005.
60. Stenestrand U, Lindback J, Wallentin L, et al: for the RIKS-HIA Registry. Anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation in combination with acute myocardial infarction influences long-term outcome. Circulation 2005;112; 3225-3231.
61. Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, et al: Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:331-337.