Ecological patterns of plant diversity in a plantation forest managed by clearfelling

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1160-1171

  Eycott, A E ^a,b   Watkinson, A R ^a   Dolman, P M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^b FOREST RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Abundance occupancy; Dispersal; Land use; Species richness; Stand structure

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; CLEARCUTTING; CONIFEROUS FOREST; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; FOREST MANAGEMENT; PLANTATION FORESTRY; RECOLONIZATION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; UNDERSTORY;

EID: 33750515674     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01235.x     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ash, J.E. & Barkham, J.P. (1976) Changes and variability in the field layer of a coppiced woodland in Norfolk, England. Journal of Ecology, 64, 697-712.
2. Bossuyt, B. & Hermy, M. (2001) Influence of land use history on seed banks in European temperate forest ecosystems: a review. Ecography, 24, 225-238.
3. Bullock, J.M., Clearhill, B., Silvertown, J. & Sutton, M. (1995) Gap colonization as a source of grassland community change: effects of gap size and grazing on the rate and mode of colonization by different species. Oikos, 72, 273-282.
4. Chase, J.M. (2003) Community assembly: when should history matter? Oecologia, 136, 489-498.
5. Cheffings, C.M., Farrell, L., Dines, T.D., Jones, R.A., Leach, S.J., Mckean, D.R., Pearman, D.A., Preston, C.D., Rumsey, F.J. & Taylor, I. (2005) The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain: Species Status 7. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK.
6. Church, J.M., Hodgetts, N.G., Preston, C.D. & Stewart, N.F. (2001) British Red Data Books: Mosses and Liverworts. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK.
7. Corbett, W.M. (1973) Breckland Forest Soils Special Survey 7. Soil Survey of England and Wales, Harpenden, UK.
8. Decocq, G., Aubert, M., Dupont, F., Alard, D., Saguez, R., Wattez-Franger, A., De Foucault, B., Delelis-Dusollier, A. & Bardat, J. (2004) Plant diversity in a managed temperate deciduous forest: understorey response to two silvicultural systems. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 1065-1079.
9. Dolman, P.M. & Fuller, R.J. (2003) The processes of species colonisation in wooded landscapes: a review of principles. Restoration of Wooded Landscapes (eds J. Humphrey, A. Newton, J. Latham, H. Gray, K. Kirby, E. Poulsom & C. Quine), pp. 25-36. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK.
10. Dolman, P.M. & Sutherland, W.J. (1992) Ecological changes of Breckland grass heaths and consequences of management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 402-413.
11. Eycott, A.E. (2005) Plant Population and Community Processes in a Forested Landscape. PhD Thesis. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
12. FAO (2001) State of the World's Forests 2001. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, UK.
13. Ferris, R., Peace, A.J., Humphrey, J.W. & Broome, A.C. (2000) Relationships between vegetation, site type and stand structure in coniferous plantations in Britain. Forest Ecology and Management, 136, 35-51.
14. Fitter, A.H. & Peat, H.J. (1994) The ecological flora database. Journal of Ecology, 82, 415-425.
15. Forestry Commission (2004) The UK Forestry Standard, 2nd edn. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK.
16. Freckleton, R.P., Gill, J.A., Noble, D. & Watkinson, A.R. (2005) Large scale population dynamics, abundance-occupancy relationships and the scaling from local to regional population size. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, 353-364.
17. Fredericksen, T.S., Ross, B.D., Hoffmann, W., Morrison, M.L., Beyea, J., Johnson, B.N., Lester, M.B. & Ross, E. (1999) Short-term understorey plant community responses to timber-harvesting intensity on non-industrial private forestlands in Pennsylvania. Forest Ecology and Management, 116, 129-139.
18. Gaston, K.J., Blackburn, T.M., Greenwood, J.J.D., Gregory, R.D., Quinn, R.M. & Lawton, J.H. (2000) Abundance-occupancy relationships. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37 (Supplement 1), 39-59.
19. Gaston, K.J., Blackburn, T.M. & Lawton, J.H. (1997) Interspecific abundance-range size relationships: an appraisal of mechanisms. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, 579-601.
20. Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G. & Hunt, R. (1988) Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin-Hyman, London, UK.
21. Hannerz, M. & Hånnel, B. (1997) Effects on the flora in Norway spruce forests following clearcutting and shelterwood cutting. Forest Ecology and Management, 90, 20-49.
22. Hanski, I. (2000) Metapopulation Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
23. Harmer, R., Peterken, G.F., Kerr, G. & Poulton, P. (2001) Vegetation changes during 100 years of development of two secondary woodlands on abandoned arable land. Biological Conservation, 101, 291-304.
24. Hemami, M.R., Watkinson, A.R. & Dolman, P.M. (2005) Population densities and habitat associations of introduced muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer Capreolus capreolus in a lowland pine forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 215, 224-238.
25. Hill, M.O. (1979) The development of flora in even-aged plantations. The Ecology of Even Aged Plantations (eds E.D. Ford, D.C. Malcolm & J. Atterson), pp. 175-192. Institute for Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, UK.
26. Hill, M.O. & Jones, E.W. (1978) Vegetation changes resulting from afforestation of rough grazing in Caeo Forest, south Wales. Journal of Ecology, 66, 433-456.
27. Hill, M.O. & Stevens, P.A. (1981) The density of viable seeds in soils of forest plantations in upland Britain. Journal of Ecology, 69, 693-709.
28. Hill, M.O., Mountford, J.O., Roy, D.B. & Bunce, R.G.H. (1999) Ellenberg's Indicator Values for British Plants. HMSO, London, UK.
29. Honnay, O., Bossuyt, B., Verheyen, K., Butaye, J., Jacquemyn, H. & Hermy, M. (2002) Ecological perspectives for the restoration of plant communities in European temperate forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 213-242.
30. Hornung, M. (1985) Acidification of soils by trees and forests. Soil Use and Management, 1, 24-28.
31. Humphrey, J.W., Davey, S., Peace, A.J., Ferris, R. & Harding, K. (2002) Lichens and bryophyte communities of planted and semi-natural forests in Britain: the influence of site type, stand structure and deadwood. Biological Conservation, 107, 165-180.
32. IPCC (2000) Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
33. Jonsson, B.G. (1993) The bryophyte diaspore bank and its role after small-scale disturbance in a boreal forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4, 819-826.
34. Kean, J. & Barlow, N. (2004) Exploring rarity using a general model for distribution and abundance. American Naturalist, 163, 407-416.
35. Kirby, K.J. (1988) Changes in the ground flora under plantations on ancient woodland sites. Forestry, 61, 317-338.
36. Lawton, J.H. (1999) Are there general laws in ecology? Oikos, 84, 177-192.
37. Lindgren, P.M.F. & Sullivan, T.P. (2001) Influence of alternative vegetation management treatments on conifer plantation attributes: abundance, species diversity, and structural diversity. Forest Ecology and Management, 142, 163-182.
38. Malhi, Y., Meir, P. & Brown, S. (2003) Forests, carbon and global climate. Capturing Carbon and Conserving Biodiversity (ed. I.R. Swingland), pp. 15-41. Earthscan, London.
39. Martelli, G. (1952) The Elveden Enterprise Faber, London, UK.
40. Matlack, G.R. & Monde, J. (2004) Consequences of low mobility in spatially and temporally heterogeneous ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 92, 1025-1035.
41. Mayer, P., Abs, C. & Fischer, A. (2004) Colonisation by vascular plants after soil disturbance in the Bavarian Forest: key factors and relevance for forest dynamics. Forest Ecology and Management, 188, 279-289.
42. MCPFE (1993) Resolution H1 General Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Forests in Europe and Resolution H2 General Guidelines for the Conservation of the Biodiversity of European Forests. Second Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Helsinki.
43. Motzkin, G., Wilson, P., Foster, D.R. & Allen, A. (1999) Vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes: the importance of history and environment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 10, 903-920.
44. Norton, T.W. (1996) Conservation of biological diversity in temperate and boreal ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management, 85, 1-7.
45. Økland, T., Rydgren, K., Økland, R.H., Storaunet, K.O. & Rolstad, J. (2003) Variation in environmental conditions, understorey species number, abundance and composition among natural and managed Picea abies stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 177, 17-37.
46. Palmer, M.W., McAlister, S.D., Arevalo, J.R. & DeCoster, J.K. (2000) Changes in the understorey during 14 years following catastrophic windthrow in two Minnesota forests. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, 841-854.
47. Parlane, S., Summers, R.W., Cowie, N.R. & van Gardingen, P.R. (2006) Management proposals for bilberry in Scots pine woodland. Forest Ecology and Management, 222, 272-278.
48. Paton, J.A. (1999) The Liverwort Flora of the British Isles. Harley Books, Colchester, UK.
49. Peterken, G.F. (2001) Ecological effects of introduced tree species in Britain. Forest Ecology and Management, 141, 31-42.
50. Pitkänen, S. (1997) Correlation between stand structure and ground vegetation: an analytical approach. Plant Ecology, 131, 109-126.
51. Prescott, C.E. (1997) Effects of clearcutting and alternative silvicultural systems on rates of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in a coastal montane coniferous forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 95, 253-260.
52. Preston, C.D., Telfer, M.G., Arnold, H.R., Carey, P.D., Cooper, J.M., Dines, T.D., Hill, M.O., Pearman, D.A., Roy, D.B. & Smart, S.M. (2002) The Changing Flora of the UK. DEFRA, London, UK.
53. Rees, D.C. & Juday, G.P. (2002) Plant species diversity on logged versus burned sites in central Alaska. Forest Ecology and Management, 155, 291-302.
54. Reich, P.B., Oleskyn, J., Modrzynsji, J., Mrozinsk, P., Hobbie, S., Eissenstat, D.M., Chorover, J., Chadwick, O.A., Hale, C.M. & Tjoelker, M.G. (2005) Linking litter calcium, earthworms and soil properties: a common garden test with 14 tree species. Ecology Letters, 8, 811-818.
55. Richards, P.W. & Smith, A.J.E. (1975) A progress report on Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. and C. polytrichoides De Not. in Britain and Ireland. Journal of Bryology, 8, 293-298.
56. Roberts, M.R. & Zhu, L. (2002) Early response of the herbaceous layer to harvesting in a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest in New Brunswick, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 155, 17-31.
57. Rose, F. (1999) Indicators of ancient woodland: the use of vascular plants in evaluating ancient woods for nature conservation. British Wildlife, 10, 241-251.
58. Salisbury, E. (1961) Weeds and Aliens Collins, London, UK.
59. Schippers, P., Groenendael, J.M.V., Vleeshouwers, L.M. & Hunt, R. (2001) Herbaceous plant strategies in disturbed habitats. Oikos, 95, 198-210.
60. Sheail, J. (1979) Documentary evidence of the changes in the use, management, and appreciation of the grass-heaths of Breckland. Journal of Biogeography, 6, 277-292.
61. Smith, A.J.E. (2004) The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
62. Stace, C. (1997) New Flora of the British Isles, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
63. Sussams, K. (1996) The Breckland Archaeological Survey. Suffolk Archaeological Service, Bury St Edmunds, UK.
64. Sydes, C. & Grime, J.P. (1981) Effects of tree leaf litter on herbaceous vegetation in deciduous woodlands. I. Field investigations. Journal of Ecology, 69, 237-248.
65. Thomas, R.C., Kirby, K.J. & Reid, C.M. (1997) The conservation of a fragmented ecosystem within a cultural landscape. The case of ancient woodland in England. Biological Conservation, 82, 243-252.
66. Thompson, K., Bakker, J.P. & Bekker, R.M. (1997) The Soil Seed Pools of North West Europe: Methodology, Density and Longevity, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
67. Thompson, K., Hodgson, J.G. & Gaston, K.J. (1998) Abundance-range size relationships in the herbaceous flora of central England. Journal of Ecology, 86, 439-448.
68. Tilman, D. (1988) Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
69. UNEP (1994) Convention on Biological Diversity: Text and Annexes. Report No. CBD/94/1. United Nations Environment Programme, Chatelaine.
70. UNEP (2001) Assessment of the Status of the World's Remaining Closed Forests. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
71. UNEP (2002) Global Environment Outlook. Earthscan, London, UK.
72. Upton, C. & Bass, S. (1995) The Forest Certification Handbook. Earthscan, London, UK.
73. Verheyen, K. & Hermy, M. (2001) An integrated analysis of the spatio-temporal colonization patterns of forest plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 567-578.
74. Walker, K.J., Pywell, R.F., Warman, E.A., Fowbert, J.A., Bhogal, A. & Chambers, B.J. (2004) The importance of former land use in determining successful re-creation of lowland heath in southern England. Biological Conservation, 116, 289-303.
75. Wallace, H.L. & Good, J.E.G. (1995) Effects of afforestation on upland plant communities and implications for vegetation management. Forest Ecology and Management, 79, 29-46.
76. Watkinson, A.R., Riding, A.E. & Cowie, N.R. (2001) A community and population perspective of the possible role of grazing in determining the ground flora of ancient woodlands. Forestry, 74, 231-240.
77. WCFSD (1999) Our Forests Our Future. Report of the World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
78. Wulf, M. (2004) Plant species richness of afforestations with different former land use and habitat connectivity. Forest Ecology and Management, 195, 191-204.