When does bedload transport begin in steep boulder-bed streams?

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 20, Issue 16, 2006, Pages 3517-3533

  Lenzi, Mario Aristide ^a   Mao, Luca ^a   Comiti, Francesco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Boulder bed streams; Critical shear stress; Incipient motion; Rio Cordon; Shields parameter; Step pool

Indexed keywords

DRAG; FLOODS; MORPHOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REYNOLDS NUMBER; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHEAR STRESS; STREAM FLOW;

BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; BOULDER-BED STREAMS; CRITICAL SHEAR STRESS; DIMENSIONLESS CRITICAL UNIT DISCHARGE; INCIPIENT MOTION; RELATIVE SUBMERGENCE RATIO; STEP-POOL STREAMS;

RIVERS;

DRAG; FLOODS; MORPHOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REYNOLDS NUMBER; RIVERS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHEAR STRESS; STREAM FLOW;

BEDLOAD; DISCHARGE; GRAIN SIZE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHEAR STRESS; STREAM BED; STREAMFLOW;

ALPS; BELLUNO; EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; RIO CORDON; SOUTHERN EUROPE; VENETO;

EID: 33750476983     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: 10991085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6168     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Aberle J, Smart GM. 2003. The influence of roughness structures on flow resistance on steep slopes. Journal of Hydraulic Research 41(3): 259-269.
2. Aguirre-Pe J, Fuentes R. 1991. Movement of big particles in steep, macro-rough streams. In Proceedings 24th Congress International Association for Hydraulic Research, vol. A, Madrid: Spain; 149-158.
3. Aguirre-Pe J, Olivero ML, Moncada AT. 2003. Particle densimetric Fronde number for estimating sediment transport. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 129(6): 428-437.
4. Andrews ED. 1983. Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material. Geological Society of American Bulletin 94: 1225-1231.
5. Andrews ED. 1994. Marginal bed load transport in a gravel bed stream, Sagehen Creek, Califomia. Water Resources Research 30(7): 2241-2250.
6. Armanini A. 1999. Principi di Idraulica Fluviale. Editoriale BIOS: Cosenza; 152.
7. Ashida K, Bayazit M. 1973. Initiation of motion and roughness of flows in steep channels. In Proceedings 15th Congress International Association for Hydraulic Research, Delft: Netherlands; 475-484.
8. Ashiq M, Bathurst JC. 1999. Comparison of bed load sampler and tracer data on initiation of motion. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125(6): 661-664.
9. Ashworth PJ, Ferguson RI. 1989. Size-selective entrainment of bedload in gravel-bed stream. Water Resources Research 25: 627-634.
10. Ashworth PJ, Ferguson RI, Ashmore PE, Paola C, Powell DM, Prestegaard KL. 1992. Measurements in a braided river chute and lobe, 2. Sorting of bed load during entrainment, transport, and deposition. Water Resources Research 28(7): 1887-1896.
11. Bagnold RA. 1956. The flow of cohesionless grains in fluids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 249: 235-297.
12. Batalla RJ, Martin-Vide JP. 2001. Thresholds of particle entrainment in a poorly sorted sandy gravel-bed river. Catena 44: 223-243.
13. Bathurst JC. 1987. Critical conditions for bed material movement in steep, boulder-bed streams. In Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, Beschta RL, Blinn T, Grant GE, Ice GG, Swanson FJ (eds). IARS Publication No. 165. IAHS Press: Wallingford; 309-318.
14. Bathurst JC, Graf WH, Cao HH. 1983. Initiation of sediment transport in steep channels with coarse bed material. In Mechanics of Sediment Transport, Sumer BM, Muller A (eds). Balkema: Brookfield, VT; 207-213.
15. Bathurst JC, Graf WH, Cao HH. 1987. Bed load discharge equations for steep mountain rivers. In Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers, Thorne CR, Bathurst JC, Hey RD (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 453-491.
16. Bettess R. 1984. Initiation of sediment transport in gravel streams. In Proceedings of the Institution of the Civil Engineers, Part 2 77: 79-88.
17. Beven K, Gilman K, Newson M. 1979. Flow and flow routing in upland channel networks. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin 24(3): 303-325.
18. Blizard CR, Wohl EE. 1998. Relationships between hydraulic variables and bed load transport in a subalpine channel, Colorado Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Geomorphology 22: 359-371.
19. Buffington JM, Montgomery DR. 1997. A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers. Water Resources Research 33(8): 1993-2029.
20. Carling PA. 1983. Threshold of coarse sediment transport in broad and narrow natural streams. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 8: 135-138.
21. Church M, Hassan MA. 2002. Mobility of bed material in Harris Creek. Water Resources Research 38(11): 1237. DOI: 10.1029/2001 WR000753.
22. Church M, Hassan MA, Wolcott JF. 1998. Stabilizing self-organized structures in gravel-bed stream channels: field and experimental observations. Water Resources Research 34: 3169-3179.
23. Church M, Wolcott JF, Fletcher WK. 1991. A test of equal mobility in fluvial sediment transport: behaviour of the sand fraction. Water Resources Research 27: 2941-2951.
24. Curran JH, Wohl EE. 2003. Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington. Geomorphology 51: 141-157.
25. D'Agostino V, Lenzi MA. 1999. Bedload transport in the instrumented catchment of the Rio Cordon. Part II: analysis of the bedload rate. Catena 36(3): 191-204.
26. Diplas P. 1987. Bedload transport in gravel-bed streams. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 113(2): 277-292.
27. Egashira S, Ashida K. 1991. Flow resistance and sediment transportation in streams with step-pool bed morphology. In Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, Armanini A, Di Silvio G (eds). Springer-Verlag: 45-58.
28. Egiazaroff IV. 1965. Calculation of non-uniform sediment concentrations. Journal of the Hydraulics Division 91(4): 225-247.
29. Einstein HA, Barbarossa N. 1952. River channel roughness. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 117: 1121-1146.
30. Engelund F. 1966. Hydraulic resistance of alluvial streams. Journal of the Hydraulics Division 92: 315-326.
31. Ergenzinger P. 1992. Riverbed adjustments in a step pool system: Lainbach, Upper Bavaria. In Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers, Billi P, Hey RD, Thorne CR, Tacconi P (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 415-430.
32. Fahnestock RK. 1963. Morphology and hydrology of a glacial stream - White River, Mount Rainer, Washington. United States, Geological Survey, Professional Papers 442-A: 70.
33. Fattorelli S, Keller HM, Lenzi MA, Marchi L. 1999. An experimental station for the automatic recording of water and sediment discharge in a small alpine watershed. Hydrological Sciences Journal 33(6): 607-617.
34. Ferguson RI. 1994. Critical discharge for entrainment of poorly sorted gravel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 179-186.
35. Folk RL, Ward WC. 1957. Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 27(1): 3-26.
36. Hammond FDC, Heathershaw AD, Langhorne DN. 1984. A comparison between Shields' threshold criterion and the movement of loosely packed gravel in a tidal channel. Sedimentology 31: 51-62.
37. Hjulström F. 1935. Studies of the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the River Fyris. Bulletin of the Geological Institute 25, University of Uppsala; 221-527.
38. Komar PD. 1987. Selective gravel entrainment and the empirical evaluation of flow competence. Sedimentology 34: 1165-1176.
39. Komar PD, Shih SM. 1992. Equal mobility versus changing bedload grain sizes in gravelbed streams. In Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers, Billi P, Hey RD, Thorne CR, Tacconi P (eds). Wley: Chichester; 73-93.
40. Kuhnle RA. 1992. Fractional transport rates of bedload on Goodwin Creek. In Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers, Billi P, Hey RD, Thorne CR, Tacconi P (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 141-155.
41. Kuhnle RA. 1993. Incipient motion of sand-gravel sediment mixtures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 119(12): 1400-1415.
42. Lee AJ, Ferguson RI. 2002. Velocity and flow resistance in step-pool streams. Geomorphology 46: 59-71.
43. Lenzi MA. 2001. Step-pool evolution in the Rio Cordon, northeastern Italy. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26: 991-1008.
44. Lenzi MA. 2004. Displacement and transport of marked pebbles, cobbles and boulders during floods in a steep mountain stream. Hydrological Processes 18(10): 1899-1914.
45. Lenzi MA, D'Agostino V. 1998. Distanze di trasporto di ciottoli marcati in un torrente alpino ad elevata pendenza. L'Acqua 4: 55-68.
46. Lenzi MA, Marchi L. 2000. Suspended sediment load during floods in a small stream of the Dolomites (northeastern Italy). Catena 39: 267-282.
47. Lenzi MA, D'Agostino V, Billi P. 1999. Bedload transport in the instrumented catchment of the Rio Cordon: part I. Analysis of bedload records, conditions and threshold of bedload entrainment. Catena 36(3): 171-190.
48. Lenzi MA, Mao L, Comiti F. 2003. Interannual variation of sediment yield in an alpine catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal 48(6): 899-915.
49. Lenzi MA, Mao L, Comiti F. 2004. Magnitude-frequency analysis of bed load data in an alpine boulder bed stream. Water Resources Research 40: W07201. DOI: 10.1029/2003WR002961.
50. Lisle TE. 1995. Particle size variations between bed load and bed material in natural gravel bed channels. Water Resources Research 31(4): 1107-1118.
51. MacFarlane WA, Wohl E. 2003. Influence of step composition on step geometry and flow resistance in step-pool streams of the Washington Cascades. Water Resources Research 39(2): 1037. DOI 10.1029/2001WR001238.
52. Mao L. 2004. Analisi comparativa del trasporto solido di corsi torrentizi in diversi ambiti geografici. PhD thesis, University of Padova.
53. Marion DA, Weirich F. 2003. Equal-mobility bed load transport in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains, Geomorphology 55: 139-154.
54. Maxwell AR, Papanicolaou AN. 2001. Step-pool morphology in high-gradient streams. International Journal of Sediment Resources 16: 380-390.
55. Meyer-Peter E, Müller R. 1948. Formulas for bedload transport. In Proceedings 2nd Congress IAHR, vol. 2, Stockholm: Sweden; 39-64.
56. Meyer-Peter E, Favre H, Einstein HA. 1934. Neuere Versuchsresultate uber den Geschiebetrieb. Schweizerische Bauzeitung 103(13).
57. Milhous RT. 1973. Sediment transport in a gravel bottomed stream. PhD thesis, Oregon State University at Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
58. Millar R. 1999. Grain and form resistance in gravel-bed rivers. Journal of Hydraulic Research 37(3): 303-312.
59. Misri RL, Garde RJ, Ranga Raju KG. 1983. Experiments on bed load transport of nonuniform sands and gravels. In Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on River Sedimentation, Beijing, China; 440-450.
60. Misri RL, Garde RJ, Ranga Raju KG. 1984. Bed load transport of coarse nonuniform sediments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 110(3): 312-328.
61. Mizuyama T. 1977. Bedload transport in steep channels. PhD thesis, Kyoto University.
62. Mussetter RA. 1989. Dynamics of mountain streams. PhD thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
63. Neill CR. 1967. Mean velocity criterion for scour of coarse uniform bed material. In Proceedings 12th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulics Research, vol. 3, Delft: Netherlands; 46-54.
64. O'Connor MD. 1994a. Sediment transport in steep tributary streams and the influence of large organic debris. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
65. O'Connor MD. 1994b. Energy losses in steep tributary streams at flows near the threshold of bedload entrainment. In Hydraulic Engineering '94, Proceedings of the 1994 Conference, vol. 1, Cotroneo GV, Rumer RR (eds). American Society of Civil Engineers: Buffalo, NY.
66. Parker G, Klingeman PC. 1982. On why gravel bed streams are paved. Water Resources Research 18(5): 1409-1423.
67. Parker G, Klingeman PC, McLean DG. 1982. Bedload and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE 108(4): 544-571.
68. Petit F. 1989. The evaluation of grain shear stress from experiments in a pebble-bedded flume. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 14: 499-508.
69. Petit F. 1990. Evaluation of grain shear stresses required to initiate movement of particles in natural rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15: 135-148.
70. Petit F. 1994. Dimensionless critical shear stress evaluation from flume experiments using different gravel beds. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 565-576.
71. Reid I, Frostick LE. 1984. Particle interaction and its effects on the thresholds of initial and final bedload motion in coarse alluvial channel. In Sedimentology of Gravel and Conglomerates, Koster EM, Steel RJ (eds). Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 10. CSPG: Calgary; 61-68.
72. Reid I, Frostick LE. 1986. Dynamics of bedload transport in Turkey Brook, a coarse grained alluvial channel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11: 143-155.
73. Schoklitsch A. 1962. Handbuch des Wasserbaues, 3rd edn. Springer-Verlag: Vienna.
74. Schmidt KH, Ergenzinger P. 1992. Bedload entrainment, travel lengths, rest periods studied with passive (iron, magnetic) and active (radio) tracer techniques. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 17: 147-165.
75. Shields A. 1936. Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung. Mitteilung der Preussischen der Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffbau, No. 26, Berlin.
76. Shvidchenko AB, Pender G. 2000. Flume study of the effect of relative depth on the incipient motion of coarse uniform sediments. Water Resources Research 36(2): 619-628.
77. Shvidchenko AB, Pender G, Hoey TB. 2001. Critical shear stress for incipient motion of sand/gravel streambeds. Water Resources Research 37(8): 2273-2283.
78. Suszka L. 1991. Modification of transport rate formula for steep channels. In Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, Armanini A, DiSilvio G (eds). Springer-Verlag: Berlin; 59-70.
79. Wathen SJ, Ferguson RI, Hoey TB, Werritty A. 1995. Unequal mobility of gravel and sand in weakly bimodal river sediments. Water Resources Research 31: 2087-2096.
80. Wilcock PR. 1993. Critical shear stress of natural sediments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 119(4): 491-505.
81. Wilcock PR. 1997. Entrainment, displacement and transport of tracer gravels. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22: 1125-1138.
82. Wilcock PR, McArdell BW. 1993. Surface-based fractional transport rates: mobilization thresholds and partial transport of a sand-gravel sediment. Water Resources Research 29(4): 1297-1312.
83. Wilcock PR, McArdell BW. 1997. Partial transport of a sand/gravel sediment. Water Resources Research 33(1): 235-245.
84. Wilcock PR, Southard JB. 1988. Experimental study of incipient motion in mixed-size sediment. Water Resources Research 24: 1137-1151.
85. Wilcock PR, Barta AF, Shea CC, Kondolf GM, Matthews WVG, Pitlick J. 1996. Observations of flow and sediment entrainment on a large gravel-bed river. Water Resources Research 32(9): 2897-2909.
86. Wilcox A, Wohl E. 2003. Spatial and temporal patterns of velocity and turbulence in a step-pool channel. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America. Proceedings of Geological Society of America Conference, 69; 12.
87. Wilcox A, Wohl E, Kray J, Vallance G. 2002. Controls on hydraulic resistance in step-pool channels. In Proceedings of Geological Society of America Conference, 87; 14.
88. Wohl EE, Thompson DM. 2000. Velocity characteristics along a small step-pool channel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25: 353-367.
89. Worman A. 1992. Incipient motion during static armouring. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE 118: 496-501.
90. Yang CT. 1973. Incipient motion and sediment transport. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE 99(10): 1679-1704.