Comparison of mechanical properties of four large, wave-exposed seaweeds

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 93, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1426-1432

  Harder, Deane L ^a   Hurd, Catriona L ^b   Speck, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Durvillaea; Laminaria; Modulus of elasticity; Phaeophyceae; Tension tests; Wave exposure

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; ELASTIC MODULUS; HABITAT; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; SEAWEED; VISCOELASTICITY;

DURVILLAEA; DURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA; LAMINARIA; LAMINARIA DIGITATA; LAMINARIA HYPERBOREA; PHAEOPHYCEAE;

EID: 33750461241     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: 00029122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.10.1426     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. ARMSTRONG, S. L. 1987. Mechanical properties of the tissues of the brown alga Hedophyllum sessile (C. Ag.) Setchell: variability with habitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 114: 143-151.
2. BIEDKA, R. F., J. M. GOSLINE, AND R. E. DEWREEDE. 1987. Biomechanical analysis of wave-induced mortality in the marine alga Pterygophora californica. Marine Ecology, Progress Series 36: 163-170.
3. BIEHLE, G., T. SPECK, AND H.-C. SPATZ. 1998. Hydrodynamics and biomechanics of the submerged water moss Fontinalis antipyretica: a comparison of specimens from habitats with different flow velocities. Botanica Acta 111: 42-50.
4. DENNY, M. W. 1988. Biology and the mechanics of the wave-swept environment. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
5. DENNY, M. W. 1999. Are there mechanical limits to size in wave-swept organisms? Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 3463-3467.
6. DENNY, M. W., T. L. DANIEL, AND M. A. R. KOEHL. 1985. Mechanical limits to size in wave-swept organisms. Ecological Monographs 55: 69-102.
7. DENNY, M. W., AND B. GAYLORD. 2002. The mechanics of wave-swept algae. Journal of Experimental Biology 205: 1355-1362.
8. DENNY, M. W., L. P. MILLER, M. D. STOKES, L. J. H. HUNT, AND B. S. T. HELMUTH. 2003. Extreme water velocities: topographical amplification of wave-induced flow in the surf zone of rocky shores. Limnology and Ocenanography 48: 1-8.
9. DUDGEON, S. R., AND A. S. JOHNSON. 1992. Thick vs. thin: thallus morphology and tissue mechanics influence differential drag and dislodgement of two co-dominant seaweeds. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 165: 23-43.
10. EMSCHERMANN, P. 1992. Meeresbiologische Exkursion: Beobachtung und Experiment. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany.
11. ENNOS, A. R. 1993. The mechanics of the flower stem of the sedge Carex acutiformis. Annals of Botany 72: 123-127.
12. ENNOS, A. R., H.-C. SPATZ, AND T. SPECK. 2000. The functional morphology of the petioles of the banana, Musa textilis. Journal of Experimental Botany 51: 2085-2093.
13. GALLENMÜLLER, F., U. MÜLLER, N. ROWE, AND T. SPECK. 2001. The growth form of Croton pullei (Euphorbiaceae): functional morphology and biomechanics of a neotropical liana. Plant Biology 3: 50-61.
14. GAYLORD, B. 1999. Detailing agents of physical disturbance: wave-induced velocities and accelerations on a rocky shore. Journal of Marine Biology and Ecology 239: 85-124.
15. GAYLORD, B. 2000. Biological implications of surf-zone flow complexity. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 174-188.
16. GAYLORD, B., C. A. BLANCHETTE, AND M. W. DENNY. 1994. Mechanical consequences of size in wave-swept algae. Ecological Monographs 64: 287-313.
17. GAYLORD, B., AND M. W. DENNY. 1997. Flow and flexibility. I. Effects of size, shape and stiffness in determining wave-forces on the stipitate kelps Eisenia arborea and Pterygophora californica. Journal of Experimental Biology 200: 3141-3164.
18. GAYLORD, B., B. B. HALE, AND M. W. DENNY. 2001. Consequences of transient fluid forces for compliant benthic organisms. Journal of Experimental Biology 204: 1347-1360.
19. HARDER, D. L., C. L. HURD, AND T. SPECK. 2000. Biomechanics of sympatric macroalgae in the surf zone of New Zealand and Helgoland, Germany. In H.-C. Spatz and T. Speck [eds.], Third Plant Biomechanics Conference, Badenweiler, 287-294, 2000. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
20. HARDER, D. L., O. SPECK, C. L. HURD, AND T. SPECK. 2004. Reconfiguration as a prerequisite for survival in highly unstable flow-dominated habitats. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 23: 98-107.
21. HARDER, D. L., C. L. STEVENS, T. SPECK, AND C. L. HURD. 2006. The role of blade buoyancy and reconfiguration in the mechanical adaptation of the southern bullkelp Durvillaea. In A. Herrel, T. Speck, and N. Rowe [eds.], Ecology and biomechanics: a mechanical approach to the ecology of animals and plants, 61-84. Dekker Publisher/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
22. HAY, C. H. 1979. Growth mortality, longevity and standing crop of Durvillaea antarctica (Phaeophyceae) in New Zealand. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 9: 97-103.
23. HAY, C. H. 1994. Durvillaea. In I. Akatsuka [ed.], Biology and Economic Algae I 353-384. SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague.
24. HERREL, A., T. SPECK, AND N. ROWE. 2006. Ecology and biomechanics: a mechanical approach to the ecology of animals and plants. Dekker Publisher/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
25. HOLBROOK, N. M., M. W. DENNY, AND M. A. R. KOEHL. 1991. Intertidal trees: consequences of aggregation on the mechanical and photosynthetic properties of sea-palms Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 146: 39-67.
26. HURD, C. L. 2000. Water motion, marine macroalgal physiology, and production. Journal of Phycology 36: 453-472.
27. JOHNSON, A. S., AND M. A. R. KOEHL. 1994. Maintenance of dynamic strain similarity and environmental stress factor in different flow habitats: thallus allometry and material properties of a giant kelp. Journal of Experimental Biology 195: 381-410.
28. KAIN, J. M. 1979. A view of the genus Laminaria. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review 17: 101-161.
29. KECKES, J., I. BURGERT, K. FRÜHMANN, M. MÜLLER, K. KÖLLN, M. HAMILTON, M. BURGHAMMER, S. V. ROTH, S. STANZL-TSCHEGG, AND P. FRATZL. 2003. Cell-wall recovery after irreversible deformation of wood. Nature Materials 2: 810-814.
30. KOEHL, M. A. R. 1982. The interaction of moving water and sessile organisms. Scientific American 247: 124-134.
31. KOEHL, M. A. R. 1986. Seaweeds in moving water: form and mechanical function. In T. J. L. Givinish [ed.], On the economy of plant form and function, 603-634. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
32. KOEHL, M. A. R. 1996. When does morphology matter? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27: 501-542.
33. KOEHL, M. A. R. 2000. Mechanical design and hydrodynamics of blade-like algae. In H.-C. Spatz and T. Speck [eds.], Third Plant Biomechanics Conference, Badenweiler, 299-306. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
34. KOEHL, M. A. R., AND B. WAINWRIGHT. 1985. Biomechanics. In M. M. Littler and D. S. Littler [eds.], Handbook of phycological methods: ecological field methods: macroalgae 293-313. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
35. KÖHLER, L., T. SPECK, AND H.-C. SPATZ. 2000. Micromechanics and anatomical changes during early ontogeny of two lianescent Aristolochia species. Planta 210: 691-700.
36. KRAEMER, G. P., AND D. J. CHAPMAN. 1991. Effects of tensile force and nutrient availability on carbon uptake and cell-wall synthesis in blades of juvenile Egregia menziesii (Turn) Aresch (Phaeophyta). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 149: 267-277.
37. LOWELL, R. B., J. H. MARKHAM, AND K. H. MANN. 1991. Herbivore-like damage induces increased strength and toughness in a seaweed. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Sciences 243: 31-38.
38. NAYLOR, M. 1953. The New Zealand species of Durvillea. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 80: 277-297.
39. NIKLAS, K. J. 1992. Plant biomechanics: an engineering approach to plant form and function. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
40. NIKLAS, K. J. 1994. Plant allometry. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
41. OLTMANN, F. 1922. Morphologie und Biologie der Algen. 2. Band: Phaeophyceae-Rhodophyceae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany.
42. ROARK, R. J., AND W. C. YOUNG. 1975. Formulas for stress and strain. McGraw-Hill, London, UK.
43. ROWE, N. P., S. ISNARD, AND F. GALLENMÜLLER. 2006. Diversity of mechanical architectures in climbing plants: an ecological perspective. In A. Herrel, T. Speck, and N. P. Rowe [eds.], Ecology and biomechanics: a mechanical approach to the ecology of animals and plants, 35-59. Dekker Publisher/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
44. ROWE, N. P., AND T. SPECK. 1996. Biomechanical characteristics of the ontogeny and growth habit of the tropical liana Condylocarpon guianense (Apocynaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 157: 406-417.
45. SANTELICES, B., J. C. CASTILLA, AND P. SCHMIED. 1980. Comparative ecology of Lessonia nigrescens and Durvillaea antarctica (Phaeophyta) in central Chile. Marine Biology 59: 119-132.
46. SMITH, J. M. B., AND T. P. BAYLISS-SMITH. 1998. Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica at sub-antarctic Macquarie-Island. Antarctic Science 10: 431-438.
47. SPATZ, H.-C., L. KÖHLER, AND K. J. NIKLAS. 1999. Mechanical behaviour of plant tissues: composite materials or structures? Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 3269-3272.
48. SPECK, T., AND N. P. ROWE. 2003. Modelling primary and secondary growth processes in plants: a summary of the methodology and new data for the early lignophyte Tetraxylopteris schmidtii. Transactions of the Royal Society, B, 358: 1473-1485.
49. SPECK, T., N. P. ROWE, AND H.-C. SPATZ. 1996. Pflanzliche Achsen: hochkomplexe Verbundstrukturen mit erstaunlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften. In A. Wisser and W. Nachtigall [eds.], BIONA-Report 10, Technische Biologie und Bionik, 101-131. Akademie Wissenschaft und Literatur, Mainz, Germany.
50. SPECK, T., AND M. SCHMITT. 1992. Mechanische Werte. In M. Schmitt [ed.], Allgemeine Biologie Pflanzen Tiere, 244-246. Herder, Freiburg, Germany.
51. SPECK, T., AND H.-C. SPATZ. 2001. Transkription oder Translation: Pflanzen als Ideengeber für neue Materialien und technische Leichtbaustrukturen. In A. von Gleich [ed.], Bionik, 229-245. Teubner Verlag, Munich, Germany.
52. SPECK, T., H.-C. SPATZ, AND D. VOGELLEHNER. 1990. Contributions to the biomechanics of plants. I. Stabilities of plant stems with strengthening elements of different cross-sections against weight and wind forces. Botanica Acta 103: 111-122.
53. SPECK, T., O. SPECK, T. EMANNS, AND H.-C. SPATZ. 1998. Biomechanics and functional anatomy of hollow-stemmed sphenopsids. III. Equisetum hyemale. Botanica Acta 111: 366-376.
54. STEVENS, C. L., C. L. HURD, AND M. J. SMITH. 2002. Field measurement of the dynamics of the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Heriot. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 269: 147-171.
55. VINCENT, J. F. V. 1992. Biomechanics: materials. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
56. VOGEL, S. 1992. Twist-to-bend ratios and cross-sectional shapes of petioles and stems. Journal of Experimental Botany 43: 1527-1532.
57. VOGEL, S. 1995. Twist-to-bend ratios of woody structures. Journal of Experimental Botany 46: 981-985.