메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 18, 2006, Pages 7045-7048

Evidence that alkyl substitution provides little stabilization to radicals: The C-C bond test and the nonbonded interaction contradiction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISSOCIATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; PARAFFINS;

EID: 33750432838     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo060797y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (38)
  • 5
    • 33750487242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The conventional argument requires the assumption of an intrinsic, constant C-H bond energy for all alkanes. From this assumption, it follows that measured bond strengths differ from this value (BE) because the resulting radicals are stabilized by substituent groups. The intrinsic C-H bond energy in alkanes is effectively defined as the bond strength in methane. The corresponding definition for an intrinsic C-C bond energy would be that in ethane.
  • 8
    • 24044461596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral thermochemical data
    • Mallard, W. G., Linstrom, P. J., Eds.: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69 . National Institute of Standards and Technology: Gaithersburg, MD
    • Afeefy, H. Y.; Liebman, J. F.; Stein, S. E. Neutral Thermochemical Data. In NIST Chemistry WebBook: Mallard, W. G., Linstrom, P. J., Eds.: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69 (http://webbook.nist.gov). National Institute of Standards and Technology: Gaithersburg, MD. 2005.
    • (2005) NIST Chemistry WebBook
    • Afeefy, H.Y.1    Liebman, J.F.2    Stein, S.E.3
  • 9
    • 33750462472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Specifically, Schleyer found that there was only a 0.7 kcal/mol difference between his estimates of BE(C-C) for ethane and cyclohexane.
  • 14
    • 33750489827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 vs C-H BDEs can simply be attributed to differences in the heats of formation of the parent alkanes; however, any attempt to link BDEs to radical stabilization energies requires separately assessing the effect of alkyl substitution on the stability of the alkane and radical (i.e., analyzing the BE and NB terms in eqs 1 and 2).
  • 16
    • 0000158516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Because all intramolecular interactions are treated as stabilizing, this assumption leads to the prediction that gauche-butane is more stable than anti-butane. Pitzer and Catalano realized this contradiction and suggested that a steric term be used to correct the overestimation of stabilization in gauche-butane. However, it does not seem logical that hydrogens with a 1,5 relationship (i.e., those on the methyl groups of propane) would have a stabilizing effect, whereas those with a 1,6 relationship (i.e., those on the methyl groups of gauche-butane) would have a sharply destabilizing effect, despite the fact that the distances are fairly similar. Further evidence of problems with this assumption can be seen in its predictions about the methane/methane van der Waals complex. At the C-C distance (3.35 Å) where MP2/6-311+G(2df, 2pd) calculations predict the onset of repulsion (i.e., interaction energy = 0), Pitzer's and Catalano's interaction potential predicts over 1.5 kcal/mol of attraction (>3 times the known complexation energy) because no repulsive terms are included to balance the attraction. See Rowley. R. L.; Pakkanen, T. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 3368.
    • (1999) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.110 , pp. 3368
    • Rowley, R.L.1    Pakkanen, T.2
  • 30
    • 33750462070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • An electrostatic analysis of the system based on the NPA charges indicates that electrostatic repulsion is only a minor contributor to the repulsion observed in Figure I. Neopentane itself would also suffer to some extent from electrostatic repulsion.
  • 32
    • 33750468407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 system is at the QCISD(T)/6-31+(d, p) level.
  • 34
    • 33750446409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The high spin state appears to exaggerate the repulsive nature of the hydrogen/hydrogen interaction. Using this potential energy surface, a van der Waals radius of over 1.6 Å is indicated for the hydrogen atom. In contrast, the geometries of methane/methane van der Waals complexes suggest a more conventional van der Waals radius for the hydrogen atom. The model of neopentane employing four methyl groups in a quintet state did not suffer to a great extent from this problem, and the potential energy surface predicts a van der Waals radius of about 2 Å for the methyl group.
  • 37
    • 33750490846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • One could fit the equations by allowing BE to be a variable (while setting the NB terms to a single, constant value), but the available data would require that BE balance the changes in RS (i.e., alkyl substitution would provide nearly equal stabilization to the radical and parent alkane and, therefore, have only a minor effect on the dissociation energy). In any case, allowing BE to be a variable eliminates any possibility of equating BDEs with radical stabilization energies.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.