메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 164, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 823-834

Comparing individual- and area-based socioeconomic measures for the surveillance of health disparities: A multilevel analysis of Massachusetts births, 1989-1991

Author keywords

Education; Infant, low birth weight; Multilevel model; Poverty; Socioeconomic factors; United States

Indexed keywords

CENSUS; CHILD HEALTH; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EDUCATION; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEY; POVERTY; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC SURVEY; WEIGHT;

EID: 33750307167     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj313     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (195)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0026763975 scopus 로고
    • Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records: Validation and application of census-based methodology
    • Krieger N. Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records: validation and application of census-based methodology. Am J Public Health 1992;86:703-10.
    • (1992) Am J Public Health , vol.86 , pp. 703-710
    • Krieger, N.1
  • 2
    • 0030735556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we monitor socioeconomic inequalities in health? A survey of U.S. health departments' data collection and reporting practices
    • Krieger N, Chen JT, Ebel G. Can we monitor socioeconomic inequalities in health? A survey of U.S. health departments' data collection and reporting practices. Public Health Rep 1997;112:481-91.
    • (1997) Public Health Rep , vol.112 , pp. 481-491
    • Krieger, N.1    Chen, J.T.2    Ebel, G.3
  • 3
    • 0023724725 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of social class in epidemiology
    • Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1988;10:87-121.
    • (1988) Epidemiol Rev , vol.10 , pp. 87-121
    • Liberatos, P.1    Link, B.G.2    Kelsey, J.L.3
  • 4
    • 0030945016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines
    • Krieger N, Williams D, Moss N. Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 1997;18:341-78.
    • (1997) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.18 , pp. 341-378
    • Krieger, N.1    Williams, D.2    Moss, N.3
  • 5
    • 12244252128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of education and age as reported on death certificates
    • Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association
    • Makuc DM, Feldman JJ, Mussolino ME. Validity of education and age as reported on death certificates. In: Proceedings of the social statistics section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association, 1997:102-6.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section , pp. 102-106
    • Makuc, D.M.1    Feldman, J.J.2    Mussolino, M.E.3
  • 6
    • 0029954786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of education information on the death certificate
    • Sorlie P, Johnson NJ. Validity of education information on the death certificate. Epidemiology 1996;7:437-9.
    • (1996) Epidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 437-439
    • Sorlie, P.1    Johnson, N.J.2
  • 7
    • 13144305409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Area-based deprivation measures - A UK perspective
    • Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Gordon D. Area-based deprivation measures-a UK perspective. In: Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. Neighborhoods and health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003:179-210.
    • (2003) Neighborhoods and Health , pp. 179-210
    • Gordon, D.1
  • 8
    • 13144249147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Painting a truer picture of US socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health inequalities: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
    • Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, et al. Painting a truer picture of US socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health inequalities: the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Am J Public Health 2005;95:312-23.
    • (2005) Am J Public Health , vol.95 , pp. 312-323
    • Krieger, N.1    Chen, J.T.2    Waterman, P.D.3
  • 9
    • 0032167805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: Evidence from national samples
    • Geronimus AT, Bound J. Use of census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: evidence from national samples. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:475-86.
    • (1998) Am J Epidemiol , vol.148 , pp. 475-486
    • Geronimus, A.T.1    Bound, J.2
  • 10
    • 0030557656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the validity of using census geocode characteristics to proxy individual socioeconomic characteristics
    • Geronimus AT, Bound J, Neidert LJ. On the validity of using census geocode characteristics to proxy individual socioeconomic characteristics. J Am Stat Assoc 1996;91:529-37.
    • (1996) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.91 , pp. 529-537
    • Geronimus, A.T.1    Bound, J.2    Neidert, L.J.3
  • 11
    • 0013025283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. Neighborhoods and health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003.
    • (2003) Neighborhoods and Health
  • 12
    • 1642474818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood-level context and health: Lessons from sociology
    • Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Sampson RJ. Neighborhood-level context and health: lessons from sociology. In: Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. Neighborhoods and health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003:132-46.
    • (2003) Neighborhoods and Health , pp. 132-146
    • Sampson, R.J.1
  • 13
    • 0026735973 scopus 로고
    • Mortality among infants of black as compared wth white college-educated parents
    • Schoendorf KC, Hogue CJR, Kleinman JC, et al. Mortality among infants of black as compared wth white college-educated parents. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1522-66.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1522-1566
    • Schoendorf, K.C.1    Hogue, C.J.R.2    Kleinman, J.C.3
  • 14
    • 0033589781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between birth weight and adult blood pressure in twins: Historical cohort study
    • Poulter NR, Chang CL, MacGregor AJ, et al. Association between birth weight and adult blood pressure in twins: historical cohort study. BMJ 1999;319:1330-3.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 1330-1333
    • Poulter, N.R.1    Chang, C.L.2    MacGregor, A.J.3
  • 15
    • 0030851440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral palsy in low-birth weight infants: Etiology and strategies for prevention
    • Nelson KB, Grether JK. Cerebral palsy in low-birth weight infants: etiology and strategies for prevention. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 1997;3:112-17.
    • (1997) Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev , vol.3 , pp. 112-117
    • Nelson, K.B.1    Grether, J.K.2
  • 16
    • 0035098171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of low birth weight on early childhood asthma in the United States
    • Brooks AM, Byrd RS, Weitzman M, et al. Impact of low birth weight on early childhood asthma in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155:401-6.
    • (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.155 , pp. 401-406
    • Brooks, A.M.1    Byrd, R.S.2    Weitzman, M.3
  • 17
    • 0014667968 scopus 로고
    • Influence of intrauterine relations on the intelligence of twins
    • Kaelber CT, Pugh TF. Influence of intrauterine relations on the intelligence of twins. N Engl J Med 1969;280:1030-4.
    • (1969) N Engl J Med , vol.280 , pp. 1030-1034
    • Kaelber, C.T.1    Pugh, T.F.2
  • 18
    • 0026506341 scopus 로고
    • The health and developmental status of very low-birth weight children at school age
    • McCormick MC, Brooks-Gunn J, Workman-Daniels K, et al. The health and developmental status of very low-birth weight children at school age. JAMA 1992;267:2204-8.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 2204-2208
    • McCormick, M.C.1    Brooks-Gunn, J.2    Workman-Daniels, K.3
  • 19
    • 0035956731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study
    • Richards M, Hardy R, Kuh D, et al. Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: longitudinal population based study. BMJ 2001;322:199-203.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 199-203
    • Richards, M.1    Hardy, R.2    Kuh, D.3
  • 20
    • 0000725893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saving babies: The efficacy and cost of recent changes in the Medicaid eligibility of pregnant women
    • Currie J, Gruber J. Saving babies: the efficacy and cost of recent changes in the Medicaid eligibility of pregnant women. J Polit Econ 1996;104:1256-96.
    • (1996) J Polit Econ , vol.104 , pp. 1256-1296
    • Currie, J.1    Gruber, J.2
  • 22
    • 0037218107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Advancing theory and methods for multilevel models of residential neighborhoods and health
    • O'Campo P. Invited commentary: advancing theory and methods for multilevel models of residential neighborhoods and health. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:9-13.
    • (2003) Am J Epidemiol , vol.157 , pp. 9-13
    • O'Campo, P.1
  • 23
    • 0034977779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the wrong side of the tracts? Evaluating the accuracy of geocoding in public health research
    • Krieger N, Waterman P, Lemieux K, et al. On the wrong side of the tracts? Evaluating the accuracy of geocoding in public health research. Am J Public Health 2001;91:1114-16.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 1114-1116
    • Krieger, N.1    Waterman, P.2    Lemieux, K.3
  • 24
    • 4344692689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce
    • US Census Bureau. Appendix A: Census 2000 geographic terms and concepts. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, 2000. (http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ tiger/glossry2.pdf).
    • (2000) Appendix A: Census 2000 Geographic Terms and Concepts
  • 25
    • 12944273303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial discrepancies in the association between paternal vs. maternal educational level and risk of low birth weight in Washington State
    • Nicolaidis C, Ko CW, Saha S, et al. Racial discrepancies in the association between paternal vs. maternal educational level and risk of low birth weight in Washington State. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2004;4:4-10.
    • (2004) BMC Pregnancy Childbirth , vol.4 , pp. 4-10
    • Nicolaidis, C.1    Ko, C.W.2    Saha, S.3
  • 26
    • 12944258557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing paternal demographics: A novel indicator for identifying high risk population of adverse preganancy outcomes
    • Tan H, Wen SW, Walker M, et al. Missing paternal demographics: a novel indicator for identifying high risk population of adverse preganancy outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2004;4:21.
    • (2004) BMC Pregnancy Childbirth , vol.4 , pp. 21
    • Tan, H.1    Wen, S.W.2    Walker, M.3
  • 27
    • 0037371616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing area-based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning - The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
    • Krieger N, Chen J, Waterman PD, et al. Choosing area-based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning-the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:186-99.
    • (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.57 , pp. 186-199
    • Krieger, N.1    Chen, J.2    Waterman, P.D.3
  • 28
    • 0036726008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geocoding and monitoring US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: Does choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter?: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
    • Krieger N, Chen J, Waterman PD, et al. Geocoding and monitoring US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: does choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter?: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:471-82.
    • (2002) Am J Epidemiol , vol.156 , pp. 471-482
    • Krieger, N.1    Chen, J.2    Waterman, P.D.3
  • 29
    • 0642315781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race/ethnicity, gender, and monitoring socioeconomic gradients in health: A comparison of area-based socioeconomic measures - The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
    • Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, et al. Race/ethnicity, gender, and monitoring socioeconomic gradients in health: a comparison of area-based socioeconomic measures-The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Am J Public Health 2003;93:1655-71.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , pp. 1655-1671
    • Krieger, N.1    Chen, J.T.2    Waterman, P.D.3
  • 32
    • 23144464497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel methods, theory and analysis
    • Anderson N, ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Subramanian SV. Multilevel methods, theory and analysis. In: Anderson N, ed. Encyclopedia on health and behavior. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004:602-8.
    • (2004) Encyclopedia on Health and Behavior , pp. 602-608
    • Subramanian, S.V.1
  • 33
    • 1542298868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of multilevel statistical models for identifying causal neighborhood effects
    • Subramanian SV. The relevance of multilevel statistical models for identifying causal neighborhood effects. Soc Sci Med 2004;58:1961-7.
    • (2004) Soc Sci Med , vol.58 , pp. 1961-1967
    • Subramanian, S.V.1
  • 34
    • 0012712589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel methods for public health research
    • Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Subramanian SV, Jones K, Duncan C. Multilevel methods for public health research. In: Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. Neighborhoods and health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003:65-111.
    • (2003) Neighborhoods and Health , pp. 65-111
    • Subramanian, S.V.1    Jones, K.2    Duncan, C.3
  • 36
    • 0037318460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverging associations of maternal age with low birth weight for black and white mothers
    • Rich-Edwards JW, Buka SL, Brennan RT, et al. Diverging associations of maternal age with low birth weight for black and white mothers. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:83-90.
    • (2003) Int J Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 83-90
    • Rich-Edwards, J.W.1    Buka, S.L.2    Brennan, R.T.3
  • 37
    • 0034757477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of maternal age to racial disparities in birth weight: A multilevel perspective
    • Rauh VA, Andrews HF, Garfinkel RS. The contribution of maternal age to racial disparities in birth weight: a multilevel perspective. Am J Public Health 2001;91:1815-24.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 1815-1824
    • Rauh, V.A.1    Andrews, H.F.2    Garfinkel, R.S.3
  • 38
    • 33750363586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel studies
    • Oakes M, Kaufman J, eds. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass
    • Blakely T, Subramanian SV. Multilevel studies. In: Oakes M, Kaufman J, eds. Methods for social epidemiology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass, 2006:314-40.
    • (2006) Methods for Social Epidemiology , pp. 314-340
    • Blakely, T.1    Subramanian, S.V.2
  • 39
    • 0035711683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecologic versus individual-level sources of bias in ecologic estimates of contextual health effects
    • Greenland S. Ecologic versus individual-level sources of bias in ecologic estimates of contextual health effects. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1343-50.
    • (2001) Int J Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 40
    • 0038121672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling community-level effects on preterm birth
    • Kaufman JS, Dole N, Savitz DA, et al. Modeling community-level effects on preterm birth. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13:377-84.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13 , pp. 377-384
    • Kaufman, J.S.1    Dole, N.2    Savitz, D.A.3
  • 41
    • 0037402411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the spatial pattern of low birth weight in a southern California county: The role of individual and neighborhood level factors
    • English PB, Kharrazi M, Davies S, et al. Changes in the spatial pattern of low birth weight in a southern California county: the role of individual and neighborhood level factors. Soc Sci Med 2003;56:2073-88.
    • (2003) Soc Sci Med , vol.56 , pp. 2073-2088
    • English, P.B.1    Kharrazi, M.2    Davies, S.3
  • 42
    • 0037223046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood support and the birth weight of urban infants
    • Buka SL, Brennan RT, Rich-Edwards JW, et al. Neighborhood support and the birth weight of urban infants. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:1-8.
    • (2003) Am J Epidemiol , vol.157 , pp. 1-8
    • Buka, S.L.1    Brennan, R.T.2    Rich-Edwards, J.W.3
  • 43
    • 0036323186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood socioeconomic status, maternal race and preterm delivery: A case-control study
    • Pickett KE, Ahern JE, Selvin S, et al. Neighborhood socioeconomic status, maternal race and preterm delivery: a case-control study. Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:410-18.
    • (2002) Ann Epidemiol , vol.12 , pp. 410-418
    • Pickett, K.E.1    Ahern, J.E.2    Selvin, S.3
  • 44
    • 0030794577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood risk factors for low birth weight in Baltimore: A multilivel analysis
    • O'Campo P, Xue X, Wang M, et al. Neighborhood risk factors for low birth weight in Baltimore: a multilivel analysis. Am J Public Health 1997;87:1113-18.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 1113-1118
    • O'Campo, P.1    Xue, X.2    Wang, M.3
  • 45
    • 14744295135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparities in birth outcomes by neighborhood income: Temporal trends in rural and urban areas, British Columbia
    • Luo Z, Kierans W, Wilkins R, et al. Disparities in birth outcomes by neighborhood income: temporal trends in rural and urban areas, British Columbia. Epidemiology 2004;15:679-86.
    • (2004) Epidemiology , vol.15 , pp. 679-686
    • Luo, Z.1    Kierans, W.2    Wilkins, R.3
  • 46
    • 0034767270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics to birth weight among 5 ethnic groups in California
    • Pearl M, Braveman P, Abrams B. The relationship of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics to birth weight among 5 ethnic groups in California. Am J Public Health 2001;91:1808-14.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 1808-1814
    • Pearl, M.1    Braveman, P.2    Abrams, B.3
  • 47
    • 0030910791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood social environments and the distribution of low birth weight in Chicago
    • Roberts EM. Neighborhood social environments and the distribution of low birth weight in Chicago. Am J Public Health 1997;87:597-603.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 597-603
    • Roberts, E.M.1
  • 48
    • 0032616199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low birth weight: Race and maternal nativity-impact of community income
    • Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. Low birth weight: race and maternal nativity-impact of community income. Pediatrics 1999;103:E5.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103
    • Fang, J.1    Madhavan, S.2    Alderman, M.H.3
  • 49
    • 0035035556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifestations of poverty and birthrates among young teenagers in California zip code areas
    • Kirby D, Coyle K, Gould JB. Manifestations of poverty and birthrates among young teenagers in California zip code areas. Fam Plann Perspect 2001;33:63-9.
    • (2001) Fam Plann Perspect , vol.33 , pp. 63-69
    • Kirby, D.1    Coyle, K.2    Gould, J.B.3
  • 50
    • 23444458250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preterm birth: The interaction of traffic-related air pollution with economic hardship in Los Angeles neighborhoods
    • Ponce NA, Hoggatt KJ, Wilhelm M, et al. Preterm birth: the interaction of traffic-related air pollution with economic hardship in Los Angeles neighborhoods. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:140-8.
    • (2005) Am J Epidemiol , vol.162 , pp. 140-148
    • Ponce, N.A.1    Hoggatt, K.J.2    Wilhelm, M.3
  • 51
    • 33646554165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood effects on the self-rated health of elders: Uncovering the relative importance of structural and service-related neighborhood environments
    • Subramanian SV, Kubzansky L, Berkman L, et al. Neighborhood effects on the self-rated health of elders: uncovering the relative importance of structural and service-related neighborhood environments. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2006;61:S153-60.
    • (2006) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci , vol.61
    • Subramanian, S.V.1    Kubzansky, L.2    Berkman, L.3
  • 52
    • 0002304507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological approaches: Rediscovering the role of physical and social environment
    • Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Macintyre S, Ellaway A. Ecological approaches: rediscovering the role of physical and social environment. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social epidemiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000:332-48.
    • (2000) Social Epidemiology , pp. 332-348
    • Macintyre, S.1    Ellaway, A.2
  • 53
    • 0030280982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century
    • Massey D. The age of extremes: concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century. Demography 1996;33:395-412.
    • (1996) Demography , vol.33 , pp. 395-412
    • Massey, D.1
  • 54
    • 85050711471 scopus 로고
    • Do neighborhoods influence child and adolescent behavior?
    • Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan G, Kato P, et al. Do neighborhoods influence child and adolescent behavior? Am J Sociol 1993;99:353-95.
    • (1993) Am J Sociol , vol.99 , pp. 353-395
    • Brooks-Gunn, J.1    Duncan, G.2    Kato, P.3
  • 55
    • 0013004499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of homicide
    • Morenoff JD, Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW. Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of homicide. Criminology 2001;39:517-60.
    • (2001) Criminology , vol.39 , pp. 517-560
    • Morenoff, J.D.1    Sampson, R.J.2    Raudenbush, S.W.3
  • 56
    • 0038541703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and violence: Geocoding and choice of area-based socioeconomic measures - The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US)
    • Krieger N, Waterman PD, Chen J, et al. Monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and violence: geocoding and choice of area-based socioeconomic measures-the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US). Public Health Rep 2003;118:240-60.
    • (2003) Public Health Rep , vol.118 , pp. 240-260
    • Krieger, N.1    Waterman, P.D.2    Chen, J.3
  • 57
    • 0032394342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of trivial streets: Residential streets and residential segregation
    • Grannis R. The importance of trivial streets: residential streets and residential segregation. Am J Sociol 1998;103:1530-64.
    • (1998) Am J Sociol , vol.103 , pp. 1530-1564
    • Grannis, R.1
  • 58
    • 0036025777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing neighborhood effects: Social processes and new directions in research
    • Sampson RJ, Morenoff JD. Assessing neighborhood effects: social processes and new directions in research. Annu Rev Sociol 2002;28:443-78.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Sociol , vol.28 , pp. 443-478
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Morenoff, J.D.2
  • 60
    • 13144254547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services
    • Health Resources and Services Administration. Health professional shortage areas. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2002. (http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/shortage/).
    • (2002) Health Professional Shortage Areas


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.