The war of statistics: Traditional recipes for the preparation of the Macedonian salad

East European Quarterly

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 9-21

  Michailidis, Iakovos D ^a  

^a ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750281799     PISSN: 00128449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. This article is based on the writer's forthcoming Ph.D. thesis which will be submitted at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki under the title "Emigration of Slav-Speaking Populations from Greek Macedonia and Western Thrace, 1913-1930." Dr. Basil Gounaris, Dr. Yannis Stefanidis and Ms. Yanna Gounari were kind enough to put forward numerous and valuable suggestions which were greatly appreciated.
2. The report prepared by the British Helsinki Human Rights Group, "Macedonian Minorities: The Slav Macedonians of Northern Greece and the Treatment of Minorities in the Republic of Macedonia," (Oxford 1994), p. 7 and the one of the U.S. Department of State, "Greece Human Rights Practices, 1993" (January 31, 1994) estimate the number of Slav-speakers in Greece at about 40,000-50,000 people; Hugh Poulton's study, The Balkans. Minorities and States in Conflict (London, 1994, copy), p. 180
3. and the report of the Minority Rights Group-Greece, "The Southern Balkans," (United Kingdom, 1994), pp. 14-15 increase their number roughly to about 200,000.
4. H.R. Wilkinson in his classical study Maps and Politics (Liverpool, 1951), quotes dozens of ethnological maps of that time.
5. A. Schoppof, Les Reformes et la Protection des Chrétiens en Turquie 1673-1904 (Paris, 1904), p. 137.
6. Makedonija. Etnografija i Statistika [Macedonia. Ethnography and Statistics] (Sofia, 1900).
7. For the Greek version see Ath. Chalkiopoulos, I Makedonia. Ethnologiki statistiki ton vilaetion Thessalonikis kai Monastiriou [Macedonia. Ethnological statistics of the vilayets of Thessaloniki and Monastir] (Athens, 1910).
8. La Macédoine et l'Hellenisme. Etude historique et ethnologique (Athens, 1919).
9. La Questione Rumeliota e la Politica Italiana (Bitonto, 1908).
10. La Question Macédonienne au point de vue historique, ethnographique et statistique (Paris, 1920).
11. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars (Washington, 1914), pp. 194-195.
12. A.A. Pallis, Statistiki meleti peri ton fyletikon metanastefseon Makedonias ke Thrakis kata tin periodo 1912-1924 [Statistical study on race migration from Macedonia and Thrace in the period 1912-1924] (Athens, 1924), pp. 15-16.
13. A.A. Pallis, Macedonia and the Macedonians. A Historical Study (London, 1949), p. 9.
14. V. Rumenov, "Bulgarite v Makedonija pod Gručka Vlast" [The Bulgarians of Macedonia under Greek Authority], Makedonski Pregled, vol. 4 (Sofia, 1941), p. 90.
15. (Thessaloniki, 1961), p. 40.
16. (Hague, 1962), p. 129.
17. (Thessaloniki, 1964), p. 48.
18. About this process and the aims of such a renaming see Evangelos Kofos, I Makedonia stin giougoslaviki istoriographia [Macedonia in Yugoslavian historiography] (Thessaloniki, 1974), pp. 10-11.
19. Dimitar Vlahov, Omiliai kai arthra 1945-1947 [Speeches and Articles, 1945-1947] (Skopje, 1947), p. 180.
20. Khristo Antonofski, Aegaiaki Makedonia [Aegean Macedonia] (Skopje, 1951), p. 20;
21. Michael Keramistsief (ed.), I Makedonia tou Aigaiou eis tin istoria mas [Macedonia of theAegean in our history] (translation by the Institute for Balkan Studies), p. 47;
22. Khristo Andonofski, "Makedonskoto Načionalno Malčistvo vo Grčija, Bulgarija i Albanija" [The Macedonian Ethnic Minority in Greece, Bulgaria and Albania], Glasnik, vol. 18 Skopje, 1974, p. 38,
23. Stoian Kiselinofski, Grčkata Kolonizačia vo Egejska Makedonija 1913-1940 [Greek Colonisation in Aegean Macedonia] (Skopje, 1981), p. 54;
24. Toso Popofski, I makedoniki ethniki meionotita sti Voulgaria, Ellada kai Alvania [Macedonian Ethnic Minority in Bulgaria, Greece and Albania] (Skopje, 1981), p. 103.
25. Popofski, I makedoniki ethniki meionotita sti Voulgaria, Ellada kai Alvania [Macedonian Ethnic Minority in Bulgaria, Greece and Albania] op. cit., pp. 101-102.
26. Vemund Aarbakke, "Identita ethnica e irredintismo in un contesto di mutamento politico e sociale. Il caso della Macedonia fra otto e novecento," Quaderni Storici, 28/3 (1993), pp. 719-744.
27. Hugh Poulton, The Balkans, pp. 175, 180.
28. D.M. Brancoff, La Macédoine et sa population chrétienne (Paris, 1905), pp. 240-243.
29. The aggregates given by Brancoff and Colokotronis for all Christians in Macedonia are not comparable because the former has not included a number of densely inhabited by Greeks administrative areas.
30. Archeio Stefanou Dragoumi [Stefanos Dragoumis Papers], F.116.4., Governor-General of Thessaloniki to the Prime Minister, Thessaloniki, 4 November 1913, ref. 17210.
31. Archeio Genikis Dioikisis Makedonias [Archive of the Government-General of Macedonia]/F.102, Diplomatic - Military, A. Naltsas to A. Pallis, Thessaloniki 3 May 1918, Archeio Ypourgeiou ton Exoterikon [Foreign Ministry Archive] (A.Y.E hereafter)/1924/A/5/XII,2, Greek-Bulgarian relations. Mixed Greek-Bulgarian Committee for emigration. Bulgarian emigration from Western Macedonia and Thrace, Delmouzos to Greek Embassy in Paris, Sofia, 4 March 1924, reg. 306.
32. Epiteliki Ipiresia tou ellinikou stratou [General Staff of the Greek Army], Statistikoi pinakes tou plythismou kat ethnikotitas ton nomon Serron kai Dramas [Statistical indexes of the population by nationalities in the districts of Serres and Drama] (Athens, 1919).
33. The estimation was based on the number of ruined or half-ruined villages mentioned in the Carnegie Committee report. For that purpose the electronic data basis of the Research Centre of the Museum for Macedonian Struggle in Thessaloniki was valuable.
34. A.Y.E/1923/B/59.7 Amoivaia metanastefsis Ellinovoulgaron [Mutual migration of Greek and Bulgarians], General Command of Kozani-Florina to F.M., Kozani, 26 May 1922, reg. 3482.
35. A.Y.E/1923/B/37.1, Meionotites en Elladi [Minorities in Greece], Governor-General of Macedonia A. Lambros to the Foreign Ministry, Thessaloniki, 31 May 1923, reg. 542.
36. Epiteliki Ipiresia tou ellinikou stratou, Statistiki pinakes tou plythismou kat ethnikotitas ton nomon Serron kai Dramas.
37. A.Y.E/1925/B/40.2, Statistiki aforosa tas meionotitas [Statistics regarding minorities]. Ethnological-Various, "Pinax emfainon tin ethnologikin synthesin tou plythismou tis Anatolikis Makedonias kata nomous ke ypodioikiseis" [Index showing the ethnological composition of the population in Eastern Macedonia by districts and local commands], Komotini, 10 November 1924.
38. A.Y.E/1925/B/40.2 "Synoptiki statistiki tou plythismou tis Genikis Dioikiseos Makedonias (arhas 1925)" [Brief population statistics of the General Government of Macedonia (early 1925)] and "Synoptiki statistiki plythismou Dyt. Thrakis kai Anat. Makedonias 1925" [Brief population statistics of Western Thrace and Eastern Macedonia 1925], Komotini 19 November 1925.
39. Ioannis S. Koliopoulos, Leilasia fronimaton [The Plundering of Allegiances] (Thessaloniki, 1994), pp. 43-44.
40. Vasilis Gounaris, "Oi Slavophonoi tis Makedonias: I poreia tis ensomatosis sto elliniko ethniko kratos, 1870-1940" [The Slav-Speakers of Macedonia: the process of their incorporation into the Greek national state, 1870-1940," Makedonika, 29 (1993-94), forthcoming.
41. A Bulgarian, Altinoff argued that there were 80,893 "Bulgarians." All later Bulgarian historiography was based on this number: see N. Konstantinov, "Bezanskija Vapros" [The Refugee Question], Balgarskoto Ikonomičesko Druzestvo, 8-9 (Sofia, 1924), p. 463;
42. see also by the same author "Balgarskite Bezanči" [Bulgarian Refugees], Spisanie na Balgarskoto Ikonomičesko Druzestvo, 8 (Sofia, 1926), p. 308;
43. see also Balgarsko Druzestvo Cerven Krust [Bulgarian Red Cross], Bezanskijat Vapros v Balgarija [The Refugee Question in Bulgaria] (Sofia, 1925).
44. Altinoff s arguments were answered by the Greeks' Nicephore Moschopoulos, La question de Thrace (Athens, 1922), p. 150
45. and Dimitri S. Constantopoulos, The Paris Peace Conference of 1946 and the Greek-Bulgarian Relations (Thessaloniki, 1956,) pp. 24-25.
46. "Zapadna Trakija v Diplomatičeskata Borda 1918-1924" [Western Thrace in the Diplomatic Dispute], Izsledvahija po Balgarska Istorija, 3 (Sofia, 1978), p. 252.
47. S. Trifonov, Antantata v Trakija. 1919-1920 [Entente in Thrace] (Sofia, 1989), p. 130.
48. A.Y.E./1924/B/59.1, "Mixed Greek-Bulgarian Committee," Governor-General K. Kourtidis to the 4th Division of the Army, Komotini, 3 November 1924, confidential. Moreover N. Feraios (probably employed by the Greek-Bulgarian Committee for Migration) mentions in a letter to A. Pallis that local "Bulgarisants" never exceeded 25,000 people: see Alexandras Pallis Papers, F. B - C, Letter of N. Feraios to A. Pallis, Komotini, 9 January 1925.
49. A.Y.E./1924/b/59,7, "Mixed Committee for Greek-Bulgarian Migration," "Renseignements Recueillis par la Commission Mixte d'Emigration Greco-Bulgare dans les Arrondissements de Gumuldjina et de Dede-Agatch lors de son Voyage en Thrace Occidentale," A.Y.E./1923/A/5/XII, 13, "Peri Voulgarias. To provlima tis palinostiseos ton ektopisthenton i katafygonton eis Voulgaria, Voulgaron tis D. Thrakis" [Regarding Bulgaria. The problem of re-settling the Bulgarians that were forced or escaped to Bulgaria," Telegram of the Prefect of Evros Makropoulos to the Foreign Ministry, Alexandroupoli, 27 June 1923, reg. 6013, A.Y.E/1923/A/5/XII, 13, "Pinax emfainon tas ekdothisas adeias apodimias dia Voulgarian eis voulgarophonous katoikous Ypodioikiseos Alexandroupoleos" [Index of permits to leave to Bulgaria issued for the Bulgarian-speaking inhabitants of the local command of Alexandroupolis], Alexandroupoli, 11 July 1923.
50. Proces-Verbal, 156th meeting, p. 1014.
51. Iv. Batakliev, "Zapadna Trakija i Neobkhodimostta ot Teritorialen Izlaz na Balgarija na Bjalo More" [Western Thrace and the necessity of Bulgaria's territorial exit to the Aegean sea], Balkanski Pregled, 6 (1946), p. 66.
52. Archives de la Societé des Nations, 1919-1946: Office Autonome pour l'Etablissement des Refugies Grecs: Files of Mr. Charles B. Eddy/C.129, no. 1, Campbell to Abraham, Geneva (?), 11 May 1925 and Abraham to Campbell, Geneva, 20 May 1925.
53. A.Y.E./1925/B/40, 2, "Statistiki plythismou tis Ypodioikiseos Sappon 1925" [Population statistics of the local Command of Sappes 1925], Komotini, 7 November 1925, "Statistiki plythismou Ypodioikiseos Soufliou 1925" [Population statistics of the local Command of Soufli 1925], Komotini, 17 November 1925, "Statistiki plythismou Ypodioikiseos Xanthis 1925" [Population statistics of the local Command of Xanthi 1925], Komotini, 17 November 1925, "Statistiki plythismou Ypodioikiseos Dydimotichou 1925" [Population statistics of the local Command of Dydimoticho 1925], Komotini, 17 November 1925, "Statistiki plythismou Ypodioikiseos Alexandroupoleos 1925," [Population statistics of the local Command of Alexandroupolis 1925], Komotini, 17 November 1925, "Statistiki plythismou Ypodioikiseos Orestiados 1925" [Population statistics of the local Command of Orestias 1925], Komotini, 19 November 1925, "Statistiki plythismou Ypodioikiseos Komotinis 1925" [Population statistics of the local Command of Komotini 1925], Komotini, 19 November 1925.