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Volumn 86, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 1156-1187

Stereophonic scientific modernisms: Social science between Mexico and the United States, 1880s-1930s

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Indexed keywords


EID: 33750245291     PISSN: 00218723     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2568610     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (30)

References (270)
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    • ed. Thomas L. Haskell Bloomington
    • The Gemeinschaft-Gesellschaft dichotomy derives from German social thought, for example, that of Georg Simmel, Ferdinand Tönnies, and Max Weber, and from religious traditions. On the city as the fundamental laboratory of social ideas in modern industrial societies, see Thomas Bender, "The Erosion of Public Culture: Cities, Discourse, and Professional Disciplines," in The Authority of Experts: Studies in History and Theory, ed. Thomas L. Haskell (Bloomington, 1984), 84-106;
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    • Jan.-April
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    • Gringos viejos: Radicales norteamericanos en los años treinta y su visión de México (una interpretation)
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    • Mauricio Tenorio Trillo, "Gringos viejos: Radicales norteamericanos en los años treinta y su visión de México (una interpretation)" (Old gringos: 1930s radical Americans and their view's of Mexico [an interpretation]), Secuencia (no. 21, Sept.-Dec. 1991), 95-116;
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    • On the 1930s, see ibid., 94-139. Caroline Winterer, "Happy Medium: The Sociology of Charles Horton Cooley," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 30 (Jan. 1994), 19-27;
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    • On Brazilian positivism, see Emilia Viotti da Costa, The Brazilian Empire (Chicago, 1985), 172-201;
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    • According to the historian Johan Huizinga, "The endeavor to democratize the idea of God goes hand in hand with pragmatism, and both arise out of the spirit of 'This, here, and Soon.' " Quoted in West, American Evasion of Philosophy, 69.
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    • Cambridge, Mass.
    • The link between pragmatism, social science, and Americanism is strong. Even amid todays dissatisfaction, relativism, and "post-ism," neopragmatism is, for such prominent thinkers as Richard Rorty, a neopatriotism. Richard Rorty, Achieving our Country: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1998);
    • (1998) Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America
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    • Historia y constitución profesional de la arqueología mexicana (1884-1940)
    • ed. María Teresa Cabrero Mexico City
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    • (1993) II Coloquio Pedro Bosch-Gimpera (Second Colloquium Pedro Bosch-Gimpera) , pp. 36-77
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    • The Multiverse of Latin American Identity, c. 1920-c. 1970
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    • Daniel Garrison Brinton, America's First Professor of Anthropology
    • Jay F. Custer, "Daniel Garrison Brinton, America's First Professor of Anthropology," Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 67 (no. 2, 1997), 67-75;
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    • Philadelphia
    • For this study, his most relevant books are: Daniel Garrison Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry (Philadelphia, 1887);
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    • Brinton, D.G.1
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    • The Roots of Franz Boas' View of Linguistic Categories as a Window to the Human Mind
    • On Franz Boas's later rejection of the racist connotations of Brinton's studies of language, see Michael Mackert, "The Roots of Franz Boas' View of Linguistic Categories as a Window to the Human Mind," Historiographia Linguistica, 20 (no. 2-3, 1993), 331-51;
    • (1993) Historiographia Linguistica , vol.20 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 331-351
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    • Wilhelm von Humboldt and North American Ethnolinguistics: Boas (1894) to Hymes (1961)
    • and Konrad E. F. Koerner, "Wilhelm von Humboldt and North American Ethnolinguistics: Boas (1894) to Hymes (1961)," Historiographia Linguistica, ibid., 17 (no. 1-2, 1990), 111-28.
    • (1990) Historiographia Linguistica , vol.17 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 111-128
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    • On the interaction of Boas and Brinton with the Bureau of American Ethnology, see Darnell, And Along Came Boas, 45-67, 177-242. This account relies on published material and on the Franz Boas Papers (American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa.) and the Daniel Garrison Brinton Papers (Annenberg Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.).
    • And Along Came Boas , pp. 45-67
    • Darnell1
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    • Franz Boas and the Concept of Culture: A Genealogy
    • ed. Diane J. Austin-Broos Boston
    • Anthony Darcy, "Franz Boas and the Concept of Culture: A Genealogy," in Creating Culture: Profiles in the Study of Culture, ed. Diane J. Austin-Broos (Boston, 1987), 3-17;
    • (1987) Creating Culture: Profiles in the Study of Culture , pp. 3-17
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    • On Boas's contacts with African Americans, see Williams, Rethinking Race, 37-53.
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    • Indigenism and Racism in Mexican Thought
    • Oct.
    • Martin S. Stabb, "Indigenism and Racism in Mexican Thought," Journal of Inter-American Studies, 1 (Oct. 1959), 405-23;
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    • Mexican Intellectuals and the Indian Question, 1876-1911
    • Feb.
    • T. G. Powell, "Mexican Intellectuals and the Indian Question, 1876-1911," Hispanic American Historical Review, 68 (Feb. 1968), 19-36;
    • (1968) Hispanic American Historical Review , vol.68 , pp. 19-36
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    • Racism, Revolution, and Indigenism: Mexico, 1910-1940
    • ed. Richard Graham Austin
    • Alan Knight, "Racism, Revolution, and Indigenism: Mexico, 1910-1940," in The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870-1940, ed. Richard Graham (Austin, 1990);
    • (1990) The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870-1940
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    • Appropriating the Idioms of Science: The Rejection of Scientific Racism
    • ed. Dominick LaCapra Ithaca
    • For a general view of the appropriation of racial theories, see Nancy Stepan and Sander L. Gilman, "Appropriating the Idioms of Science: The Rejection of Scientific Racism," in The Bounds of Race: Perspectives on Hegemony and Resistance, ed. Dominick LaCapra (Ithaca, 1991), 72-103; Justo Sierra to his wife, Oct. 5, 1895, book 1, Sierra Archive, Centro de Estudios de la Universidad (Historical Archive, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City).
    • (1991) The Bounds of Race: Perspectives on Hegemony and Resistance , pp. 72-103
    • Stepan, N.1    Gilman, S.L.2
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    • note
    • Aurelio M. Espinosa to Franz Boas, Sept. 9, 1917, Professional Correspondence of Boas, Boas Papers.
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    • note
    • See J. A. Mason to Boas, Jan. 2, 1912, Professional Correspondence of Boas, Boas Papers; Espinosa to Boas, Sept. 9, 1917, ibid.
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    • Chicago
    • Aurelio M. Espinosa asked Boas to contact the two Cubans as great experts on African "origins and influences" in the Americas; see Espinosa to Boas, Jan. 29, 1928, ibid. Espinosa to Boas, Sept. 9, 1917, ibid. See Desley Deacon, Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life (Chicago, 1997);
    • (1997) Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life
    • Deacon, D.1
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    • Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 114-77, 92-113; resolution approved by the central committee (formed by Boas and other anthropologists), meeting on eugenics, Washington, D.C., Dec. 30, 1911, Boas Papers; Manuel Gamio, [editorial], Ethnos, 1 (Aug. 1920), 128-30; Boas to H. R. Mussey, Dec. 14, 1918, Boas Papers.
    • Ethnographer's Magic , pp. 114-177
    • Stocking1
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    • Franz Boas and His Plans for an International School of American Archaeology and Ethnology in Mexico
    • See Ricardo Godoy, "Franz Boas and His Plans for an International School of American Archaeology and Ethnology in Mexico," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 13 (1977), 228-42;
    • (1977) Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences , vol.13 , pp. 228-242
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    • Manuel Gamio to Boas, Sept. 5, 1919, Boas Papers; Boas to Gamio, Dec. 10, 19, 1919, Boas to editor, Nation, Dec. 20
    • Manuel Gamio to Boas, Sept. 5, 1919, Boas Papers; Boas to Gamio, Dec. 10, 19, 1919, Vázquez, "Historia y constitución profesional de la arqueologfa mexicana," ibid.; Boas to editor, Nation, Dec. 20, 1919, p. 797.
    • (1919) Historia y Constitución Profesional de la Arqueologfa Mexicana , pp. 797
    • Vázquez1
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    • Starr to Boas, May 18, 1911, Starr to Federico Gamboa, June 19, 1918, folder 3, box 4, Frederick Starr Papers (Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Ill.). Gamboa responded: "we are not wholly to blame, let us blame ethnical roots first and education second"
    • Starr to Boas, May 18, 1911, Vázquez, "Historia y constitución profesional de la arqueologfa mexicana," ibid.; Starr to Federico Gamboa, June 19, 1918, folder 3, box 4, Frederick Starr Papers (Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Ill.). Gamboa responded: "we are not wholly to blame, let us blame ethnical roots first and education second."
    • Historia y Constitución Profesional de la Arqueologfa Mexicana
    • Vázquez1
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    • Gamboa to Starr, Boas to Chávez, Jan. 24, 1911, Professional Correspondence of Boas, Boas Papers (original in Spanish)
    • Gamboa to Starr, 1918, Vázquez, "Historia y constitución profesional de la arqueologfa mexicana," ibid.; Boas to Chávez, Jan. 24, 1911, Professional Correspondence of Boas, Boas Papers (original in Spanish).
    • (1918) Historia y Constitución Profesional de la Arqueologfa Mexicana
    • Vázquez1
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    • See the extensive correspondence between Georges Engerrand and Boas, Professional Correspondence of Boas, Boas Papers
    • See the extensive correspondence between Georges Engerrand and Boas, Professional Correspondence of Boas, Boas Papers.
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    • The Cosmopolitan Mexican Summer, 1920-1949
    • and Mauricio Tenorio, "The Cosmopolitan Mexican Summer, 1920-1949," Latin American Research Review, 32 (no. 3, 1997), 224-42.
    • (1997) Latin American Research Review , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 224-242
    • Tenorio, M.1
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    • Manuel Gamio and Official Indigenism in Mexico
    • David Brading, "Manuel Gamio and Official Indigenism in Mexico," Bulletin of Latin American Research, 7 (no. 1, 1988), 75-89;
    • (1988) Bulletin of Latin American Research , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-89
    • Brading, D.1
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    • La obra de Manuel Gamio en la historia de la investigacion social en Mexico
    • ed. Jorge Martínez Ríos Mexico City
    • On Gamio as a pioneer of scientific social research, see M. Villa, "La obra de Manuel Gamio en la historia de la investigacion social en Mexico" (The work of Manuel Gamio in the history of social research in Mexico), in Historia de la investigacion social de campo en México (History of social research on the countryside in Mexico), ed. Jorge Martínez Ríos (Mexico City, 1976).
    • (1976) Historia de la Investigacion Social de Campo en México (History of Social Research on the Countryside in Mexico)
    • Villa, M.1
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    • Boas to Gamio, Dec. 19, 1919, Dec. 12, 1924, Boas Papers
    • Boas to Gamio, Dec. 19, 1919, Dec. 12, 1924, Boas Papers.
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    • published in Mexico City in English
    • Mexican Folkways, published in Mexico City in English (1925-1937), gained the support of many radical artists and intellectuals and disseminated postrevolutionary Mexican art and thought-popular songs, popular arts and crafts, translations of anthropological studies, and interviews with European artists resident in Mexico City.
    • (1925) Mexican Folkways
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    • For a comparative view of modernism throughout the Americas, see Morse, "Multiverse of Latin American Identity." Frances Toor to Elsie Clews Parsons, Dec. 13, 1932, Elsie Clews Parsons Papers (American Philosophical Society). I thank Desley Deacon for providing me with this correspondence.
    • (1932) Multiverse of Latin American Identity
    • Morse1
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    • Hart Crane to unknown recipient, Nov. 30, 1931, ed. Brom Weber Berkeley
    • Hart Crane to unknown recipient, Nov. 30, 1931, in The Letters of Hart Crane, 1916-1932, ed. Brom Weber (Berkeley, 1965).
    • (1965) The Letters of Hart Crane, 1916-1932
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    • History of Psychiatry and Mental Hospitals in Mexico
    • Samuel Ramírez Moreno, "History of Psychiatry and Mental Hospitals in Mexico," Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders, 86 (no. 5, 1937), 513-24;
    • (1937) Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 513-524
    • Moreno, S.R.1
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    • A Chapter in the History of the Relationship between Psychology and Sociology in America: James Mark Baldwin
    • See Ronald H. Mueller, "A Chapter in the History of the Relationship between Psychology and Sociology in America: James Mark Baldwin, "Journal of the History of Behavioral Science, 12 (1976), 240-53;
    • (1976) Journal of the History of Behavioral Science , vol.12 , pp. 240-253
    • Mueller, R.H.1
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    • Psychological Antecedents of Sociological Theory in America: William James and James Mark Baldwin
    • and John W. Petras, "Psychological Antecedents of Sociological Theory in America: William James and James Mark Baldwin," Journal of the History of Behavioral Science, ibid., 4 (1968), 132-42.
    • (1968) Journal of the History of Behavioral Science , vol.4 , pp. 132-142
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    • William James's Psychology of Will: Its Revolutionary Impact on American Psychology
    • ed. Josef Brozek Lewisburg, Pa.
    • On Baldwin's theories, see William R. Woodward, "William James's Psychology of Will: Its Revolutionary Impact on American Psychology," in Explorations in the History of Psychology in the United States, ed. Josef Brozek (Lewisburg, Pa., 1984), 160-65.
    • (1984) Explorations in the History of Psychology in the United States , pp. 160-165
    • Woodward, W.R.1
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    • ed. Jill G. Morawski New Haven and London
    • Karl E. Scheibe, "Metamorphoses in the Psychologist's Advantage," in The Rise of Experimentation in American Psychology, ed. Jill G. Morawski (New Haven and London, 1988), 53-71.
    • (1988) The Rise of Experimentation in American Psychology , pp. 53-71
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    • Informe, 1912, exp. 1, box 13, Fondo Ezequiel Chavez, Sección Escuela National de Altos Estudios, Historical Archive, Centra de Estudios de la Universidad; Mexico City
    • Informe, 1912, exp. 1, box 13, Fondo Ezequiel Chavez, Sección Escuela National de Altos Estudios, Historical Archive, Centra de Estudios de la Universidad; Ezequiel Chávez, Tres conferencias (Three lectures) (Mexico City, 1937), 18-20.
    • (1937) Tres Conferencias (Three Lectures) , pp. 18-20
    • Chávez, E.1
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    • Baldwin, Between Two Worlds, I, 130-31. For Baldwin's 1906 article, see ibid., II, 153-59. This volume also reproduced some of Chávez's letters to Baldwin.
    • Between Two Worlds , vol.1 , pp. 130-131
    • Baldwin1
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    • On the new liberal matrix supported first by Deweyism and later by Popperism, see Ricci, Tragedy of Political Science, 99-132. By the 1950s pragmatism became a popular view.
    • Tragedy of Political Science , pp. 99-132
    • Ricci1
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    • Middle-Ground Pragmatists: The Popularization of Philosophy in American Culture
    • April
    • See George Cotkin, "Middle-Ground Pragmatists: The Popularization of Philosophy in American Culture," Journal of the History of Ideas, 55 (April 1994), 283-302.
    • (1994) Journal of the History of Ideas , vol.55 , pp. 283-302
    • Cotkin, G.1
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    • Lexington, Ky.
    • On the uneasy synthesis of science and democracy, see Edward A. Purcell, The Crisis of Democratic Theory: Scientific Naturalism and the Problem of Value (Lexington, Ky., 1973). Other, radical ideas played a role. Dewey's thought and that of his followers, such as Sidney Hook, included socialist and Marxist ideas. The 1930s and 1940s saw the emergence of strong intellectual radical circles, particularly in New York. Without the affirmation and negation of radicalism, one cannot make sense of 1950s and 1960s United States social science-from Talcott Parsons to S. M. Lipset, from Sidney Hook to Daniel Bell or Robert Dahl.
    • (1973) The Crisis of Democratic Theory: Scientific Naturalism and the Problem of Value
    • Purcell, E.A.1
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    • Brasil: Una nación vista a través del cristal de la 'raza'
    • March
    • On the role of UNESCO in the Americanization of social science, see Verena Stolcke, "Brasil: Una nación vista a través del cristal de la 'raza'" (Brazil: A nation seen through the glass of "race"), Revista de Cultura Brasileña, 1 (March 1998), 51-68;
    • (1998) Revista de Cultura Brasileña , vol.1 , pp. 51-68
    • Stolcke, V.1
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    • Da morfologia às moléculas, de raça à populaçâo: Trajectórias conceituais em antropologia fisica no século XX
    • ed. Marcos Chor Maio and Ricardo Ventura Santos Rio de Janeiro
    • Ricardo Ventura Santos, "Da morfologia às moléculas, de raça à populaçâo: Trajectórias conceituais em antropologia fisica no século XX" (From morphology to molecules, from race to population: Conceptual trajectories in physical anthropology in the twentieth century), in Raça, ciência e sociedade (Race, science, and society), ed. Marcos Chor Maio and Ricardo Ventura Santos (Rio de Janeiro, 1996), 125-40;
    • (1996) Raça, Ciência e Sociedade (Race, Science, and Society) , pp. 125-140
    • Santos, R.V.1
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    • note
    • Richard McKeon et al., memorandum, McKeon-Redfield letters, folder 12, box 18, Robert Redfield Papers, 1949 (Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library); Benton, "Memorandum to the Secretary."


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