The anti-prostitution policy in the US HIV/AIDS program

Health and Human Rights

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 3-15

  Middleberg, Maurice I ^a  

^a Global Health Council   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750208160     PISSN: 10790969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/4065386     Document Type: Note

References (30)

1. United States Leadership against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003, 22 USC 7601 (23) (2003) [hereafter,The HIV Leadership Act].
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.: 7631 e.
5. Ibid.:7631 f.
6. PL 108-99 (2004) amending Section 301(f) of the HIV Leadership Act
7. Congressional Record Daily Edition S6457 (Washington, DC: US Congress, May 15, 2003).
8. Letter from Daniel Levin, Acting Assistant Attorney General to Alex M. Azar II, General Counsel, US Department of Health and Human Services (Washington, DC: September 20, 2004).
9. USAID Acquisition and Assistance Policy Directive 05-04 (Washington, DC: USAID, June 9, 2005).
10. Civil Action No. 05-cv-8209, Alliance for Open Society International, Inc and Open Society Institute v. United States Agency for International Development and Andrew S. Natsios, Memorandum of Law, pp. 24-25.
11. The HIV Leadership Act (see note 1): 7631 e.
12. M. Phillips and M. Moffett, "Brazil refuses US AIDS Funds, Rejects Conditions," Wall Street Journal (May 2, 2005): p. A3.
13. CHANGE Policy Brief: Implications of US. Policy Restrictions for Programs Aimed at Commercial Sex Workers and Victims of Trafficking Worldwide (Maryland: CHANGE, November 2005): p. 3.
14. Global Health Council, Policy Brief: Anti-Prostitution Policy Requirement (Washington, DC: 2006): p. 2.
15. P. Gill, "BBC backs off from Bush in Africa," The Guardian (January 23, 2006).
16. Letter to Randall Tobias dated February 25, 2005.
17. See, for example, a letter from Representative Mark Souder (Republican from Indiana) to USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios dated December 7, 2005;
18. and letter from Senator Tom Coburn (Republican from Oklahoma) to President George W. Bush dated May 19, 2005.
19. Global Health Council, Policy Brief: Anti-Prostitution Policy Requirement (see note 14).
20. M. L. Rekart, "Sex-Work Harm Reduction," The Lancet 366 (2005): pp. 2123-34.
21. Ibid.: p. 2124.
22. Ibid.
23. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection, Sex Work and HIV/AIDS (Geneva: UNAIDS, June 2002).
24. J. M. Mann, and D. J. M. Tarantola, "From Vulnerability to Human Rights," in J. M. Mann and D. J. M. Tranatola (eds), AIDS in the World II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996): pp. 463-76.
25. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and UNAIDS, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights: International Guidelines (Geneva and New York: United Nations, 1998): p. 18.
26. Mann and Tarantola (see note 23).
27. UNAIDS (see note 22): p. 7.
28. M. S. Shah, S. D. Kambou, and B. Monahan, Embracing Participation in Development (Atlanta: CARE, 1999): pp. 1.45 and 3.70.
29. United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, UN Doc. A/RES/55/25 (2000), Article 3, para (a).
30. DKT International v. United States Agency for International Development and Andrew S. Natsios (August 11, 2005), Memorandum of Law, p. 11.