Environmental monitoring as an important tool for safeguards of nuclear material and nuclear forensics

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Volumn 270, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 291-298

  Buchmann, J H ^a   Sarkis, J E S ^a   Kakazu, M H ^a   Rodrigues, C ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS ENERGÉTICAS E NUCLEARES   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITRIC ACID; NUCLEAR FUEL; URANIUM;

ARTICLE; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; LEACHING; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PINE;

EID: 33750164202     PISSN: 02365731     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-006-0347-7     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. IAEA Safeguards: Implementation at Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities, IAEA Bulletin, Vienna, 1985.
2. D. FISCHER, B. SANDERS, L. SCHEINMAN, G. BUNN, A New Nuclear Triad: The Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, International Verification and the International Atomic Energy Agency, in Southampton: Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-proliferation, Sept. 1992 (PPNN Study Three).
3. S. DERON, D. DONOHUE, G. BAGLIANO, E. KUHN, K. SIRISENA, The IAEA's analytical capabilities for safeguards, in: Proc. IAEA's Safeguards Symp., March 1994, IAEP, Vienna, p. 717.
4. th Series of SAGSI Meetings, IAEA Bulletin, Vienna, 1993.
5. F. S. HOUK, Safeguards for enhanced confidence in the absence of undeclared nuclear activities, in: Proc. IAEA's Safeguards Symp., March 1994, IAEA, Vienna, p. 719.
6. International Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors, Strengthening the Effectiveness and Improving the Efficiency of the Safeguards System, IAEA, Vienna, December, 1993 (GOV/2698).
7. International Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors, Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards, IAEA, Vienna, September, 1997 (INFCIRC/540 - Corrected).
8. D. L. DONNOHUE, R. ZAISLER, Behind the Scenes: Scientific Analysis of Samples from Nuclear Inspections in Iraq, IAEA Bulletin, Vienna, 1992, p. 25.
9. W. L. BELEW, J. A. CARTER, D. H. SMITH, R. L. WALKER, Detection of Uranium Enrichment Activities using Environmental Monitoring Techniques, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, 1993.
10. B. MARKERT, V. WECKERT, Sci. Total Environ., 86 (1989) 289.
11. B. MARKERT, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 40 (1993) 43.
12. L. SVOBODA, K. ZIMMERMANNOVÁ, P. KALAC, Sci. Total Environ., 246 (2000) 61.
13. K. W. NICHOLSON, C. L. ROSE, J. A. GARLAND, W. A. MCKAY, I. R. POMEROY, Environmental Sampling for Detection of Undeclared Nuclear Activities (SRDP R217), AEA Technology Consultancy Services, Oxfordshire, Feb. 1994.
14. G. ERIKSON, S. JENSON, H. KYLIN, W. STRACHAN, Nature, 341 (1989) 42.
15. E. KUHN, R. HOOPER, D. DONOHUE, Proc. Intern. Symp. on Environmental Impact of Radioactive Releases, IAEA, Vienna, May 1995, p. 35.
16. E. U. KURCZYNSKA, W. DMUCHOWSKI, W. WLOCH, A. BYTNEROWICZ, Environ. Pollut., 98 (1997) 325.
17. Traces of Evidence: Nuclear Forensics and Illicit Trafficking, IAEA Bulletin, Vienna, June 2003.
18. O. P. OLIVEIRA, J. E. S. SARKIS, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 253 (2002) 345.
19. H. A. FURUSAWA, J. E. S. SARKIS, H. M. KAKAZU, C. RODRIGUES, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 242 (1999) 647.
20. G. P. Russ III, J. M. BAZAN, Spectrochim. Acta, 42B (1987) 49.
21. A. R. DATE, A. L. GRAY, Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Blackie, London, 1989, p. 107.
22. M. E. KETTERER, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 6 (1991) 439.
23. A. J. WALDER, P. A. FREEDMAN, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 7 (1992) 571.
24. A. J. WALDER, D. KOLLER, N. M. REED, R. C. HUTTON, P. A. FREEDMAN, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, 8 (1993) 1037.
25. T. HIRATA, Analyst, 121 (1996) 1407.
26. S. GIURLANI, Brasil Nuclear, 7 (1995) 4.
27. S. GIURLANI, Brasil Nuclear, 16 (1998) 8.
28. J. A. B. GRESLEY, Atom, (1989) 13.
29. IUPAC, in: Pure Appl. Chem., 70 (1998) 217.
30. A. G. COWAN, Scientific American, 235 (1976) 36.
31. D. W. EFURD, D. J. ROKOP, Isotopic Signatures by Bulk Analyses, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos.
32. D. L. DONOHUE, J. Alloys Comp., 271 (1998) 11.
33. L. MOENS, J. R. VANHAECKE, R. DAMS, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 10 (1995) 569.
34. L. MOENS, N. JAKUBOWSKI, Anal. Chem., 70 (1998) 251A.
35. J. BECKER, H. DIETZE, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 12 (1995) 881.
36. J. H. BUCHMANN, D. Thesis, IPEN, Brasil, 2000.
37. J. H. BUCHMANN, J. E. S. SARKYS, C. RODRIGUES, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 258 (2003) 139.
38. International Organization of Standardization, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, 1st ed., Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.