Not even past yet

History Workshop Journal

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 101-115

  Schwarz, Bill ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 33750138383     PISSN: 13633554     EISSN: 14774569     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/hwj/57.1.101     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. This is a revised version of the 2003 Raphael Samuel Lecture. It is short, but - even so - many people helped. Deep thanks to the Raphael Samuel History Centre at the University of East London for the invitation, particularly to Kate Hodgkin, Susannah Radstone and Barbara Taylor; to Sally Alexander and Lynne Segal who provided necessary encouragement on the way; and to HWJ friends who read and commented on the written draft - Matt Cook, Rebecca Spang, Anne Summers and Barbara Taylor.
2. E. P. Thompson, A State of Blackmail', in Writing By Candlelight, Merlin, London, 1980, p. 132.
3. Thompson, 'State of Blackmail', p. 130.
4. E. P. Thompson, Alien Homage. Edward Thompson and Rabindranath Tagore, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1993;
5. and Beyond the Frontier: the Politics of a Failed Mission, Bulgaria 1944, Merlin, Rendlesham, 1997.
6. E. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire. 1875-1914, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1987, p. 3.
7. In Hobsbawm's work too, as he advanced in years, his formal history increasingly interconnected with the story of his autobiographical self. See especially the BBC2 television programme which featured him, Stories My Country Told Me, which opens with his search for his family's graves in Vienna (transmitted 14 July 1996);
8. the fascinating interpolations in his Age of Extremes. A History of the Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991
9. Michael Joseph, London, 1994;
10. and his Interesting Times: a Twentieth-Century Life, Allen Lane, London, 2002.
11. Bill Schwarz, ' "Already the Past". Memory and Historical Time' in Regimes of Memory, ed. Susannah Radstone and Katharine Hodgkin, Routledge, London, 2003.
12. See too the companion volume, Contested Pasts. the Politics of Memory, ed. Katharine Hodgkin and Susannah Radstone, Routledge, London, 2003. These are wonderful volumes, indispensable for readers who want to follow the current field of memory-studies.
13. It was instructive, from this vantage, to return to Thompson's 'Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism', republished in his Customs in Common, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1991 - whose object is precisely transformations in the 'inward notation of time', p. 354.
14. Louis Althusser, 'Contradiction and Overdetermination' in his For Marx, Allen Lane, London, 1969.
15. Pierre Nora, 'Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Memoire', Representations 26, 1989.
16. C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution, (1938), Allison and Busby, London, 1989;
17. the argument I indicate here is elaborated more fully in Stuart Hall, 'Breaking Bread with History, C. L. R. James and The Black Jacobins', HWJ 46, 1998.
18. I also draw here, and later, from my own 'C L. R. James and George Lamming: the Measure of Historical Time', Small Axe. A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 14, 2003.
19. PRO: CO 318/427/11.
20. C. L. R. James, A History of Negro Revolt (1938), Race Today, London, 1985, pp. 58-61;
21. C. L. R. James, 'British Barbarism in Jamaica! Support the Negro Workers' Struggle', Fight 1:3, 1938
22. (republished in C. L. R. James, The Future in the Present, Allison and Busby, London, 1977);
23. C. L. R. James, 'The Black Jacobins' (James's play) in The C. L. R. James Reader, ed. Anna Grimshaw, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992 (first performed March 1936 under the title Toussaint L'Ouverture);
24. C. L. R. James, World Revolution, 1917-1936. The Rise and Fall of the Communist International, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1993 (first published 1937);
25. Boris Souvarine, Stalin. A Critical Survey of Bolshevism, Secker and Warburg, London, 1939.
26. For an insightful consideration of James's play, see Cora Kaplan, 'Black Heroes/White Writers: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Literary Imagination' HWJ 46, 1998.
27. James, '1963 Appendix' to Black Jacobins, p. 418
28. James, '1980 Foreword' to Black Jacobins, p. vi.
29. C. L. R. James, Special Delivery: the Letters of C L. R. James to Constance Webb, 1939-1949, Blackwell, Oxford, 1966, p. 66.
30. I have commented further on this in 'Becoming Postcolonial' in Without Guarantees. In Honour of Stuart Hall, ed. Paul Gilroy, Lawrence Grossberg and Angela McRobbie, Verso, London, 2000.
31. George Lamming, '1983 Introduction', In The Castle of My Skin (1953), University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1991, p. xlvi.
32. Schwarz, 'James and Lamming: the Measure of Historical Time'.
33. George Lamming, In The Castle of My Skin, Longman, Harlow, 1970, p. 291.
34. An ambitious attempt to map the pre-history of this politico-intellectual formation can be found in Brent Hayes Edwards, The Practice of Diaspora. Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2003.
35. Mary Chamberlain perceptively refers to Lamming as a 'home-grown existentialist' - the idea of 'home' in this context suggesting certain ironies: 'George Lamming' in West Indian Intellectuals in Britain, ed. Bill Schwarz, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2003.
36. Originally published in Présence africaine 8-10, 1956;
37. reproduced in Conversations. George Lamming. Essays, Addresses and Interviews, ed. Richard Drayton and Andaiye, Karia, London, 1992. For a contemporary account of Lamming at the Congress
38. see James Baldwin, 'Princes and Powers' (first published in Encounter, of all places, in 1956) in Nobody Knows My Name. More Notes of a Native Son, Dell, New York, 1961.
39. See David Macey, Fanon. A Biography, Granta, London, 2000, pp. 165 and 167;
40. and David Scott, 'The Sovereignty of the Imagination. An Interview with George Lamming', Small Axe 12, 2002, pp. 121-34.
41. Simon Gikandi made this observation in a symposium on Lamming, hosted by the Center for African and Afroamerican Studies at the University of Michigan, in October 2002.
42. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, Paladin, London, 1972, p. 11.
43. I follow here my 'James and Lamming: the Measure of Historical Time'.
44. David Macey, 'Fanon, Phenomenology, Race', in Philosophies of Race and Ethnicity, ed. Peter Osborne and Stella Sandford, Continuum, London, 2002, pp. 30, 50, 35 and 33. The quote from Black Skin, White Masks comes from Macey's translation.
45. George Lamming, The Pleasures of Exile, Allison and Busby, London, 1984 (first published 1960), p. 12.
46. Raphael Samuel, Theatres of Memory Vol. 2, Island Stories: Unravelling Britain (edited by Alison Light with Sally Alexander and Gareth Stedman Jones), Verso, London, 1998.
47. Raphael Samuel, 'Born-Again Socialism', in Out of Apathy. Voices of the New Left 30 Years On, ed. Oxford University Socialist Discussion Group, Verso, London, 1989, p. 42.
48. Raphael Samuel, Theatres of Memory Vol. 1: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture, Verso, London, 1994.
49. Sally Alexander, Becoming a Woman and Other Essays in 19th and 20th century Feminist History, Virago, London, 1994.
50. Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, Blackwell, Oxford, 1962, p. 446.