Opal-A rich additives used in ancient lime mortars

Cement and Concrete Research

Volumn 36, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1886-1893

  Tunçoku, S Sarp ^a   Caner Saltik, Emine N ^b  

^a IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Turkey)

^b MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Ancient masonry; Carbonation; Durability; Mortar; Pozzolan

Indexed keywords

ANCIENT MASONRY; CONDUCTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; POROSITY MEASUREMENTS; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (UCS);

ADDITIVES; CARBONATION; DURABILITY; ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MASONRY MATERIALS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; POROSITY; POZZOLAN; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

MORTAR;

EID: 33750069764     PISSN: 00088846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.06.012     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Moropoulou A., Cakmak A.S., Biscontin G., Bakolas A., and Zendri E. Advanced Byzantine cement based composites resisting earthquake stresses: the crushed brick/lime mortars of Justinian's Hagia Sophia. Constr. Build. Mater. 16 8 (2002) 543-552
2. Cakmak A.S., Davidson R., Mullen C.L., and Erdik M. Dynamic analysis and earthquake response of Hagia Sophia. In: Brebbia C.A., and Frewer R.J.B. (Eds). Structural Repair and Maintenance of Historic Buildings III (1993), Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton Boston 67-84
3. Baronio G., Binda L., and Lombardini N. The role of brick pebbles and dust in conglomerates based on hydrated lime and crushed bricks. Constr. Build. Mater. 11 1 (1997) 33-40
4. Degryse P., Elsen J., and Waelkens M. Study of ancient mortars from Sagalassos (Turkey) in view of their conservation. Cem. Concr. Res. 32 (2002) 1457-1463
5. Papayianni I. Technology of mortars and bricks used in Ottoman Monuments of Thessaloniki. In: Özşen G. (Ed). Proceedings of Conference on Studies in Ancient Structures (July 1997), Yi{dotless}ldi{dotless}z Technical University, Istanbul 245-253
6. Papayianni I., and Stefanidou M. Repair mortars suitable for interventions of Ottoman buildings. In: Özşen G. (Ed). Proceedings of Conference on Studies in Ancient Structures (July 1997), Yi{dotless}ldi{dotless}z Technical University, Istanbul 255-263
7. S.S. Tuncoku, Characterization of masonry mortars used in some Anatolian Seljuk Monuments in Konya, Beyşehir and Akşehir, unpublished PhD thesis submitted in the Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University, Ankara (2001).
8. Tuncoku S.S., Caner-Salti{dotless}k E.N., and Böke H. Definition of the materials and related problems of a XIIIth Century Anatolian Seljuk 'Mesjid': a case study in Konya City. In: Thiel M.J. (Ed). Conservation of Stone and other Materials. Proceedings of the International UNESCO-RILEM Congress vol. 1 (June 1993), E & FN Spon, Paris 368-375
9. Hughes J.J., and Callebaut K. In-situ visual analysis and practical sampling of historic mortars. Mat. Struct./Matér. Constr. 35 (2002) 70-75
10. Jedrzejevska H. Ancient mortars as criterion in analysis of old architecture. The Proceedings of Symposium on, Mortars, Cements and Grouts used in the Conservation of Historic Buildings, Rome (1981) 311-329
11. Teutonico J.M. A Laboratory Manual for Architectural Conservators (1986), ICCROM, Rome
12. Luxan M.P., Madruga F., and Saavedra J. Rapid evaluation of pozzolanic activity of natural products by conductivity measurement. Cem. Concr. Res. 19 (1989) 63-68
13. Black C.A. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 (1985), American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Publisher, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
14. RILEM, Tentative Recommendations, and Comission-25-PEM. Recommended Tests to Measure the Deterioration of Stone and to Assess the Effectiveness of Treatment Methods. Mat. Struct./Máter. Constr. 13 73 (1980) 173-253
15. ISRM. Point load test. Suggested Method for Determining Point Load Strength. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. vol. 22 (2) (1985) 51-70
16. ASTMC 270-80a, Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry.
17. Brook N. The equivalent core diameter method of size and shape correction in point load testing. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 22 2 (1985) 61-70
18. Topal T., and Doyuran V. Engineering geological properties and durability assessment of the Cappadocian tuff. Eng. Geol. 47 (1997) 175-187
19. Winkler E.M. Durability index of stone. Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geol. 23 (1986) 344
20. Rodriguez J.D., and Jeremias F.T. Assessment of Rock Durability through Index Properties. 6th International IAEG Congress vol. 4 (1990) 493-499
21. ASTM D2845-90, Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants for Rock.
22. Mora L., Mora P., and Philippot P. Technology of the principal constituents of renderings. Conservation of Wall Paintings (1984), ICCROM, Butterworths
23. Ashurst J., and Dimes F.G. Mortars of Stone Buildings in Conservation of Building and Decorative Stone vol. 2 (1990), Butterworth-Heinemann
24. Schäfer J., and Hilsdorf H.K. Ancient and new lime mortars: the correlation between their composition, structure and properties. In: Thiel M.J. (Ed). Proceedings of the Conservation of Stone and Other Materials. International UNESCO-RILEM Congress vol. 2 (June 1993), E & FN Spon, Paris 605-612
25. Moropoulou A., Bakolas A., and Aggelakopoulou E. The effects of limestone characteristics and calcinations temperature to the reactivity of the quicklime. Cem. Concr. Res. 31 (2001) 633-639
26. Bakolas A., Biscontin G., Moropoulou A., and Zendri E. Characterization of the lumps in the mortars of historic masonry. Thermochim. Acta 269/270 (1995) 809-816
27. Walter E., and Dean J.R. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. J. Sediment. Petrol. 44 1 (1974) 242-248
28. Davey N. A History of Building Materials (1961), Phoenix House, London
29. Boynton R.S. Chemistry and Technology of Lime and Limestone (1966), John Wiley & Sons
30. Drees R.L., Wilding L.P., Smeck N.E., and Senkayi A.L. Silica in soils: quartz and disordered silica polymorphs. In: Dixon J.B., and Weed S.B. (Eds). Minerals in Soil Environments. SSSA Book Series vol. 1 (1995), Soil Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. 913-975
31. ASTM C 618-73, Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland Cement Concrete.
32. Diamond S. A review of alkali-silica reaction and expansion mechanisms (2. Reactive aggregates). Cem. Concr. Res. 6 (1976) 549-560
33. Benezet J.C., and Benhassaine A. Grinding and pozzolanic reactivity of quartz powders. Powder Technol. 105 (1999) 167-171
34. Barret P., Menetrier D., and Cottin B. Study of silica-lime solution reactions. Cem. Concr. Res. 7 (1977) 61-67
35. van Aardt J.H.P., and Wisser S. Formation of hydrogarnets: calcium hydroxide attack on feldspars and clays. Cem. Concr. Res. 7 (1977) 39-44
36. M. Benharbit, Interface Pièrre-Mortier, Mechanismes de Transfert et d'Alteration, Procèdè Passivation, Thèse de Doctorat, Universite Monpellier II, 1994.
37. Lewin S.Z. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis of conventional mortars. The Proceedings of Symposium on Mortars, Cements and Grouts used in the Conservation of Historic Buildings, Rome (1981) 101-131
38. Robert L.D., and Caijun S. Influence of the fineness of pozzolan on the strength of lime-natural pozzolan cement pastes. Cem. Concr. Res. 24 8 (1994) 1485-1491
39. Suzuki K., Nishikawa S., and Ito S. Formation and carbonation of C-S-H in water. Cem. Concr. Res. 25 (1985) 213-224
40. Schaffer R.J. The weathering of natural building stones (2004), Donhead Publishing, London
41. Kamen-Kaye M. In: Campbell A.S. (Ed). A Review of Depositional History and Geological Structure in Turkey (1971), Tripoli, Libya
42. Kuzucuoglu C., Parish R., and Karabiyikoglu M. The dune systems of the Konya Plain (Turkey): their relation to environmental changes in Central Anatolia during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Geomorphology 23 2-4 (1998) 257-271