Distribution, geomorphology and lithofacies of cliff-top storm deposits: Examples from the high-energy coasts of Scotland and Ireland

Marine Geology

Volumn 232, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 131-155

  Hall, A M ^a   Hansom, J D ^b   Williams, D M ^c   Jarvis, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

Author keywords

block quarrying; cliff top storm deposits; coastal evolution; Ireland; marine erosion; rock coast; Scotland

Indexed keywords

BLOCK QUARRYING; CLIFF TOP STORM DEPOSITS (CTSD); COASTAL EVOLUTION; MARINE EROSION; ROCK COASTS;

COASTAL ZONES; DEPOSITION; EROSION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SANDSTONE; WEATHERING;

STORMS;

BOULDER; CLIFF; COASTAL EROSION; COASTAL SEDIMENT; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURE; LITHOFACIES; QUARRYING; ROCK BLOCK; STORM DEPOSIT; WAVE ACTION;

ARAN ISLANDS; CAITHNESS; CONNACHT; COUNTY GALWAY; EURASIA; EUROPE; GALWAY BAY; HEBRIDES; HIGHLAND; IRELAND; ORKNEY; OUTER HEBRIDES; SCOTLAND; SHETLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 33750061981     PISSN: 00253227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.06.008     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Baker G. Stripped zones at cliff edges along a high wave energy coast, Port Campbell, Victoria. Proc. R. Soc. Vic. 71 (1958) 175-179
2. Bathurst B. The Lighthouse Stevensons: The Extraordinary Story of the Building of the Scottish Lighthouses by the Ancestors of Robert Louis Stevenson (1999), HarperCollins
3. Berry R.J. Orkney Nature (2000), Academic Press, London
4. Bird E.C.F. The Coastline of Victoria (1993), Melbourne University Press
5. Bishop P., and Hughes M. Imbricate and fitted fabrics in coastal boulder deposits on the Australian east coast. Geology 79 (1989) 544-547
6. Blair T.C., and McPherson J.G. Grain-size and textural classification of coarse sedimentary particles. J. Sediment. Res. 69 (1999) 6-19
7. Bondevik S., Mangerud J., Dawson S., Dawson A., and Lohne O. Evidence for three North Sea tsunamis at the Shetland Islands between 8000 and 1500 years ago. Quat. Sci. Rev. 24 (2005) 1757-1775
8. Bourrouilh-Le Jan F.G., and Talandier J. Sédimentation et fracturation de haute énergie en milieu recifal: Tsunamis, ouragans et cyclones et leurs effets sur la sédimentologie et la géomorphologie d'un atoll: Motu et hoa, a rangiroa, Tuamotu, Pacifique SE. Mar. Geol. 67 (1985) 263-272
9. Bryant E. Tsunami, The Underrated Hazard (2001), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
10. Bryant E.A., Young R.W., and Price D.M. Evidence of tsunami sedimentation on the southeastern coast of Australia. J. Geol. 100 (1992) 753-765
11. Cooper J.A.G., and Jackson D.W.T. Wave spray-induced sand transport and deposition during a coastal storm, Magilligan Point, Northern Ireland. Mar. Geol. 161 (1999) 377-383
12. Cox S.J., and Cooker M.J. The motion of a rigid body impelled by sea-wave impact. Appl. Ocean Res. 21 3 (1999) 113-125
13. Crampton C.B., and Carruthers R.G. The Geology of Caithness (1914), Geol. Surv. Scotland, Edinburgh
14. Dalby D.H., Cowell E.B., Syratt W.J., and Crothers J.H. An exposure scale for marine shores in western Norway. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 58 (1978) 975-996
15. Dawson S., and Smith D.E. Holocene relative sea level changes on the margin of a glacio-isostatically uplifted area: an example from northern Caithness, Scotland. The Holocene 7 (1997) 59-77
16. Dawson S., and Smith D.E. The sedimentology of Middle Holocene tsunami facies in northern Sutherland, Scotland, UK. Mar. Geol. 170 (2001) 69-79
17. Felton E.A. Sedimentology of rocky shorelines: 1. A review of the problem, with analytical methods, and insights gained from the Hulopoe Gravel and the modern rocky shoreline of Lanai, Hawaii. Sediment. Geol. 152 (2002) 221-245
18. Flinn D. Coastal and submarine features around the Shetland Islands. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 75 (1964) 321-340
19. Geikie A. The Scenery of Scotland, London. 2nd edition (1887), Macmillan 487 pp.
20. Geikie A. The Scenery of Scotland, London. 3rd Edition (1901), Macmillan 540 pp.
21. Hall A.M. Clettnadal, West Burra. In: Birnie J., Gordon J.E., Bennett K., and Hall A.M. (Eds). The Quaternary of Shetland (1993), Quat. Res. Assoc, Cambridge 48-49
22. In: Hall A.M. (Ed). The Quaternary of Orkney (1996), Quat. Res. Assoc, Cambridge
23. Hall, A.M., Hansom, J. and Jarvis, J., in press. Processes and rates of erosion by storm waves on a rock headland: The Grind of the Navir, Shetland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
24. Hansom J. Coastal sensitivity to environmental change: a view from the beach. Catena 42 (2001) 291-305
25. Hansom, J., Barltrop, N., Hall, A.M., in press. Impact of extreme waves on the Atlantic coasts of the British Isles: modelling the processes of cliff-top erosion and deposition. Mar. Geol.
26. Hearty P.J. Boulder deposits from large waves during the Last Interglaciation on North Eleuthera Island, Bahamas. Quat. Res. 48 (1997) 326-338
27. Hibbert-Ware S. A Description of the Shetland Islands, Comprising an Account of their Geology, Scenery, Antiquities, and Superstitions (1822), Constable, Edinburgh
28. Jennings J.N. Cliff-top dunes. Aust. Geogr. Stud. 5 (1967) 40-49
29. Kinehan G.H., Leonard H., and Cruise R.J. Sheets 104 and 113. Mem. Geol. Surv. Irel. (1871) (Dublin)
30. Kogure T., Aoki H., Maekado T., and Matsukura Y. Effect of the development of notches and tension cracks in limestone coastal cliffs on the Ryukyus, Japan. Geomorphology (2006)
31. Lambeck K. Glacial rebound of the British Isles- II. A high-resolution, high-precision model. Geophys. J. Int. 153 (1993) 960-990
32. Mactaggart F. Villians of Hamnavoe and Esha Ness Coast SSSI's (1999), Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh
33. May V., and Hansom J.D. Coastal Geomorphology of Great Britain. Geological Conservation Review (2003), Joint Nature Conservancy Council, HMSO, Norwich
34. Miller H. The Old Red Sandstone (1841), Johnstone, Edinburgh
35. Mitchell F. The Irish Landscape (1976), Collins, Glasgow 240 pp.
36. Mykura W. British Regional Geology: Orkney and Shetland (1976), Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Edinburgh 149 pp.
37. Mykura W., and Phemister J. The Geology of Western Shetland. (1976), M.S.O, London
38. Noormets R., Felton E.A., and Crook K.A.W. Sedimentology of rocky shorelines: 2: Shoreline megaclasts on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii-origins and history. Sediment. Geol. 150 (2002) 31-45
39. Noormets R., Crook K.A.W., and Felton E.A. Sedimentology of rocky shorelines: 3. Hydrodynamics of megaclast emplacement and transport on a shore platform, Oahu, Hawaii. Sediment. Geol. 172 (2004) 41-65
40. Nott J. Waves, coastal boulder deposits and the importance of the pre-transport setting. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 210 (2003) 269-276
41. Nott J. The tsunami hypothesis - comparisons of the field evidence against the effects, on the Western Australian coast, of some of the most powerful storms on Earth. Mar. Geol. 208 (2004) 1-12
42. Peach B.N. Glacial Drift in the Shetland Islands. British Association Report (1864)
43. Robinson T. Stones of Aran: Pilgrimage (1990), Penguin, London
44. Robinson M. A Late glacial and Holocene diatom record from Clettnadal, Shetland Islands, northern Scotland. J. Paleolimnol. 31 (2004) 295-319
45. Shennan I., and Horton B. Holocene land- and sea-level changes in Great Britain. J. Quat. Sci. 17 (2002) 511-526
46. Shennan I., Lambeck K., Horton B., Innes J., Lloyd J., McArthur J., Purcell T., and Rutherford M.I. Late Devensian and Holocene records of relative sea-level changes in northwest Scotland and their implications for glacio-hydro-isostatic modelling. Quat. Sci. Rev. 19 (2000) 1103-1136
47. Sommerville A.A., Hansom J.D., Sanderson D.C.W., and Housley R.A. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of large storm events in Northern Scotland. Quat. Sci. Rev. 22 10-13 (2003) 1085-1092
48. Steers J.A. The Coastline of Scotland (1973), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
49. Stevenson T. Accounts of experiments upon the force of the waves of the Atlantic and German Oceans. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. 16 (1845) 23-32
50. Trenhaile A.S. Rock coasts, with particular emphasis on shore platforms. Geomorphology 48 (2002) 7-22
51. Wang D.W., Mitchell D.A., Teague W.J., Jarosz E., and Hulbert M.S. Extreme Waves Under Hurricane Ivan. Science 309 (2005) 896
52. Whittington G., Buckland P., Edwards K.J., Greenwood M., Hall A.M., and Robinson M. Multi-proxy Devensian Lateglacial and Holocene environmental records at an Atlantic coastal site in Shetland. J. Quat. Sci. 18 (2003) 152-168
53. Williams D.M. Marine erosion and archaeological landscapes - a case study of stone forts at cliff-top locations in the Aran Islands, Ireland. Geoarchaeology 19 (2004) 167-175
54. Williams D.M., and Hall A.M. Cliff-top megaclast deposits of Ireland, a record of extreme waves in the North Atlantic - storms or tsunamis?. Mar. Geol. 206 (2004) 101-117
55. Woodman-Smith, B., 2004. An assessment of the geomorphological impacts of high magnitude waves on the rocky coastline of Northern Scotland. B.Sc Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 81 pp.
56. Young R.W., Bryant E.A., and Price D.M. Catastrophic wave (tsunami?) transport of boulders in southern New South Wales, Australia. Z. Geomorphol. 20 2 (1996) 191-207