The effects of decreasing winter diet quality on foraging behavior and life-history traits of white-tailed deer fawns

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 70, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1445-1454

  Taillon, Joëlle ^a   Sauvé, Daniel G ^a   Côté, Steeve D ^a  

^a CENTRE D ÉTUDES NORDIQUES   (Canada)

Author keywords

Activity budget; Anticosti; Body composition; Density; Diet; Foraging behavior; Life history traits; Nutrition; Odocoileus virginianus; Survival; White tailed deer; Winter

Indexed keywords

BODY CONDITION; BOREAL FOREST; BROWSING; DEER; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; FOOD QUALITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; POPULATION DENSITY; WINTER;

ANTICOSTI ISLAND; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; QUEBEC [CANADA];

ABIES; ABIES BALSAMEA; CERVIDAE; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; PICEA GLAUCA; UNGULATA;

EID: 33749655869     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1445:TEODWD]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Altmann, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227-267.
2. Andersen, R., and J. D. C. Linnell. 2000. Irruptive potential in roe deer: density-dependent effects on body mass and fertility. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:698-706.
3. Armstrong, D. P., R. S. Davidson, J. K. Perrott, J. Roygard, and L. Buchanan. 2005. Density-dependent population growth in a reintroduced population of North Island saddlebacks. Journal of Animal Ecology 74:160-170.
4. Baker, D. L., D. E. Johnson, L. H. Carpenter, O. C. Wallmo, and R. B. Gill. 1979. Energy requirements of mule deer fawns in winter. Journal of Wildlife Management 43:162-169.
5. Bartmann, R. M., A. M. White, and L. H. Carpenter. 1991. Compensatory mortality in a Colorado mute deer population. Wildlife Monographs 121.
6. Beier, P., and D. R. McCullough. 1990. Factors influencing white-tailed deer activity patterns and habitat use. Wildlife Monographs 109.
7. Berger, A., K.-M. Scheibe, K. Eichhorn, A. Scheibe, and J. Streich. 1999. Diurnal and ultradian rhythms of behaviour in a mare group of Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), measured through one year under semi-reserve conditions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 64:1-17.
8. Berger, J. 1977. Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2:131-146.
9. Cederlund, G. N. 1981. Daily and seasonal activity pattern of roe deer in a boreal habitat. Viltrevy 11:314-347.
10. Cederlund, G. N., R. Bergström, and F. Sandegren. 1989. Winter activity pattern of females in two moose populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:1516-1522.
11. Cederlund, G. N., H. K. G. Sand, and A. Penrson. 1991. Body mass dynamics of moose calves in relation to winter severity. Journal of Wildlife Management 55:675-681.
12. Clutton-Brock, T. H., M. Major, S. D. Albon, and F. E. Guinness. 1987. Early development and population dynamics in red deer. I. Density-dependent effects on juvenile survival. Journal of Animal Ecology 56:53-64.
13. Clutton-Brock, T. H., M. Major, and F. E. Guinness. 1985. Population regulation in male and female red deer. Journal of Animal Ecology 54:831-846.
14. Clutton-Brock, T. H., and J. M. Pemberton. 2004. Soay sheep: dynamics and selection in an island population. Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
15. Coleman, S. W., S. P. Hart, and T. Sahlu. 1999. Relationship among forage chemistry, rumination and retention time with intake and digestibility of hay by goats. Small Ruminant Research 50:129-140.
16. Cook, J. G., B. K. Johnson, R. C. Cook, R. A. Riggs, T. Delcurto, L. D. Bryant, and L. L. Irwin. 2003. Effects of summer-autumn nutrition and parturition date on reproduction and survival of elk. Wildlife Monographs 155.
17. Cook, J. G., J. Quinlan, L. L. Irwin, L. D. Bryant, R. A. Riggs, and J. W. Thomas. 1996. Nutrition-growth relations of elk calves during late summer and fall. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:528-541.
18. Cooke, A. S., and L. Farrell. 2001. Impact of muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) at Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, Cambridgeshire, Eastern England. Forestry 74:241-250.
19. Côté, S. D. 1998. In vitro digestibilities of summer forages utilized by the Rivière George caribou herd. Arctic 51:48-54.
20. Côté, S. D., and M. Festa-Bianchet. 2001. Birthdate, mass and survival in mountain goat kids: effects of maternal characteristics and forage quality. Oecologia 127:230-238.
21. Côté, S. D., T. P. Rooney, J.-P. Tremblay, C. Dussault, and D. M. Waller. 2004. Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 35:13-47.
22. DelGiudice, G. D., K. D. Kerr, L. D. Mech, M. R. Riggs, and U. S. Seal. 1998. Urinary 3-methylhistidine and progressive winter undernutrition in white-tailed deer. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:2090-2095.
23. DelGiudice, G. P., L. D. Mech, and U. S. Seal. 1990. Effects of winter under-nutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 54:539-550.
24. Dumont, A., M. Crête, J.-P. Ouellet, J. Huot, and J. Lamoureux. 2000. Population dynamics of northern white-tailed deer during mild winters: evidence of regulation by food competition. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:764-776.
25. Environment Canada. 2004. Environment Canada's wind chill program. 〈http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/education/windchill〉. Accessed 2005 Mar 14.
26. Festa-Bianchet, M., J. T. Jorgenson, W. J. King, K. G. Smith, and W. D. Wishart. 1996. The development of sexual dimorphism: seasonal and lifetime mass changes of bighorn sheep. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:330-342.
27. Gaillard, J. M., D. Delorme, J. M. Boutin, G. Van Laere, and B. Boisaubert. 1996. Body mass of roe deer fawns during winter in 2 contrasting populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:29-36.
28. Georgii, B. 1981. Activity patterns of female red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the alps. Oecologia 49:127-136.
29. Georgii, B., and W. Schröder. 1983. Home range and activity patterns of male red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the alps. Oecologia 58:238-248.
30. Gray, P. B., and F. A. Servello. 1995. Energy intake relationships for white-tailed deer on winter browse diets. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:147-152.
31. Halls, L. K. 1984. White-tailed deer: ecology and management. Stackpole, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
32. Hansen, B. C. S. 1995. Conifer stomate analysis as a paleoecological tool: an example from the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:244-252.
33. Haulton, S. M., W. F. Porter, and B. A. Rudolph. 2001. Evaluating 4 methods to capture white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:255-264.
34. Hofmann, R. R. 1989. Evolutionary steps of eco-physiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system. Oecologia 78:443-457.
35. Holecheck, J. L., M. Vavra, and R. D. Pieper. 1982. Methods for determining the nutritive quality of range ruminant diets: a review. Journal of Animal Science 54:363-376.
36. Huot, J. 1982. Body condition and food resources of white-tailed deer on Anticosti Island, Québec. Dissertation, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA.
37. Huston, J. E., B. S. Rector, W. C. Ellis, and M. L. Allen. 1986. Dynamics of digestion in cattle, sheep, goats and deer. Journal of Animal Science 62:208-215.
38. Jefferies, R. L., and R. F. Rockwell. 2002. Foraging geese, vegetation loss and soil degradation in an Arctic salt marsh. Applied Vegetation Science 5:7-16.
39. Jensen, P. G., P. J. Pekins, and J. B. Holter. 1999. Compensatory effect of the heat increment of feeding on thermoregulation costs of white-tailed deer fawns in winter. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1474-1485.
40. Lefort, S. 2002. Habitat hivernal du cerf de Virginie (Odocoileus virginianus) à l'Île d'Anticosti. Thesis, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. [In French.]
41. Lesage, L., M. Crête, J. Huot, and J.-P. Ouellet. 2001. Evidence for a trade-off between growth and body reserves in northern white-tailed deer. Oecologia 126:30-41.
42. Littell, R. C., G. A. Miliken, W. W. Stroup, and R. Wolfinger. 1996. Pages 255-265 in SAS system for mixed models: random coefficient models. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
43. Loison, A., and R. Langvatn. 1998. Short- and long- term effects of winter and spring weather on growth and survival of red deer in Norway. Oecologia 116:489-500.
44. Mautz, W. W. 1978. Sledding in a bushy hillside: the fat cycle in deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 6:88-90.
45. Miller, B. F., L. I. Muller, T. N. Storms, E. C. Ramsay, D. A. Osborn, R. J. Warren, K. V. Miller, and K. A. Adams. 2003. A comparison of carfentanil/xylazine and Telazol (R)/xylazine for immobilization of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 9:851-858.
46. Moen, A. N. 1976. Energy conservation by white-tailed deer in the winter. Ecology 57:192-198.
47. Moen, A. N. 1978. Seasonal changes in heart rates, activity, metabolism, and forage intake of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 42:715-738.
48. Neiland, K. A. 1970. Weight of dried marrow as indicator of fat in caribou femurs. Journal of Wildlife Management 24:904-907.
49. Nordon, H. C., I. M. Cowan, and A. J. Wood. 1970. The feed intake and heat production of the young black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 48:275-282.
50. Owen-Smith, N. 1994. Foraging responses of kudus to seasonal changes in food resources: elasticity in constraints. Ecology 75:1050-1062.
51. Ozoga, J. J. 1972. Aggressive behavior of white-tailed deer at winter cuttings. Journal of Wildlife Management 36:861-868.
52. Ozoga, J. J., and L. W. Gysel. 1972. Response of white-tailed deer to winter weather. Journal of Wildlife Management 36:892-896.
53. Ozoga, J. J., and L. J. Verme. 1970. Winter feeding patterns of penned white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 34:431-439.
54. Parker, K. L., M. P. Gillingham, T. A. Hanley, and C. T. Robbins. 1999. Energy and protein balance of free-ranging black-tailed deer in a natural forest environment. Wildlife Monographs 143.
55. Pettorelli, N., J. M. Gaillard, G. V. Laere, P. Duncan, P. Kjellander, O. Liberg, D. Delorme, and D. Maillard. 2002. Variations in adult body mass in roe deer: the effects of population density at birth and of habitat quality. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 269:747-753.
56. Potvin, F., P. Beaupré, and G. Laprise. 2003. The eradication of balsam fir stands by white-tailed deer on Anticosti Island, Québec: a 150-year process. Écoscience 10:487-495.
57. Potvin, F., L. Breton, and A. Gingras. 1997. Déplacements et survie hivernale des biches d'Anticosti de 1989 à 1990: une étude télémétrique. Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Faune, Report 3643-97-08, Québec, Canada. [In French.]
58. Potvin, F., L. Breton, and L.-P. Rivest. 2004. Aerial surveys for white-tailed deer with the double-count technique in Quebec: two 5-year plans completed. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:1099-1107.
59. Potvin, F., J. Huot, and F. Duchesneau. 1981. Deer mortality in the Pohénégamook wintering area. Canadian Field-Naturalist 95:81-84.
60. Renecker, L. A., and R. J. Hudson. 1989. Seasonal activity budgets of moose in aspen-dominated boreal forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:296-302.
61. Sauvé, D. G. 2005. Les effets de la détérioration de la qualité de l'alimentation d'hiver sur la condition corporelle du cerf de Virginie de l'Île d'Anticosti. Thesis, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. [In French.]
62. Schulte-Hostedde, A. I., B. Zinner, J. S. Millar, and G. J. Hickling. 2005. Restitution of mass-size residuals: validating body condition indices. Ecology 86:155-163.
63. Schultz, S. R., and M. K. Johnson. 1995. Effects of birth date and body mass at birth on adult body mass of male white-tailed deer. Journal of Mammalogy 76:575-579.
64. Silver, H., N. F. Colovos, J. B. Holter, and H. H. Hayes. 1969. Fasting metabolism of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 33:490-498.
65. Skogland, T. 1990. Density dependence in a fluctuating wild reindeer herd: maternal and offspring effects. Oecologia 84:442-450.
66. Solberg, E. J., and B. E. Saether. 1994. Male traits as life-history variables: annual variation in body mass and antler size in moose (Alces alces). Journal of Mammalogy 75:1069-1079.
67. Stewart, M., R. T. Bowyer, J. G. Kie, and W. C. Gasaway. 1999. Antler size relative to body mass in moose: tradeoffs associated with reproduction. Alces 36:77-83.
68. Storeheier, P. V., B. E. H. Van Oort, M. A. Sundset, and S. D. Mathiesen. 2003. Food intake of reindeer in winter. Journal of Agricultural Science 141:93-101.
69. Suttie, J. M., E. D. Goodall, K. Pennie, and R. N. Kay. 1983. Winter food restriction and summer compensation in red deer stags (Cervus elaphus). British Journal of Nutrition 50:737-747.
70. Taylor, W. P. 1965. The deer of North America. Stackpole, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, The Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
71. Thompson, C. B., J. B. Holler, H. H. Hayes, H. Silver, and W. E. Urban. 1973. Nutrition of white-tailed deer. I. Energy requirements of fawns. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:301-311.
72. Torbit, S. C., L. H. Carpenter, D. M. Swift, and A. W., Alldredge. 1985. Differential loss of fat and protein by mule deer during winter. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:80-85.
73. Tremblay, J.-P., I. Thibault, C. Dussault, J. Huot, and S. D. Côté. 2005. Long-term decline in white-tailed deer browse supply: can lichens and litter-fall act as alternative food sources that preclude density-dependent feedbacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83:1087-1096.
74. Ullrey, D. E., W. G. Youatt, H. E. Johnson, L. D. Fay, B. E. Brent, and K. E. Kemp. 1968. Digestibility of cedar and balsam fir browse for the white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:162-171.
75. Verme, L. J., and J. J. Ozoga. 1980. Effects of diet on growth and lipogenesis in deer fawns. Journal of Wildlife Management 44:315-324.
76. Verme, L. J., and D. E. Ullrey. 1972. Feeding and nutrition of deer. Pages 275-291 in D. C. Church, editor. The digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants. Volume 3. Practical Nutrition, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
77. Wallingford, B. D., R. A. Lancia, and E. C. Soutière. 1996. Antagonism of Xylazine in white-tailed deer with intramuscular injections of Yohimbine. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32:399-402.
78. Warren, R. J., R. L. Kirkpatrick, A. Oelschlaeger, P. F. Scanlon, and F. C. Gwazdauskas. 1981. Dietary and seasonal influences on nutritional indexes of adult male white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 45:926-936,
79. Welch, J. G., and A. P. Hooper. 1993. Ingestion of feed and water. Pages 108-116 in D. C. Church, editor. The ruminant animal, digestion physiology and nutrition. Waveland, Prospect Heights, Illinois, USA.
80. White, G. C., R. A. Garrott, R. M. Bartmann, L. H. Carpenter, and A. W. Allderdge. 1987. Survival of mule deer in Northwest Colorado. Journal of Wildlife Management 51:852-859.
81. White, R. G. 1983. Foraging patterns and their multiplier effects on productivity of northern ungulates. Oikos 40:377-384.